Publications

This article focuses on the implications of administrative ‘undocumentedness’, arguing that a lack of legal recognition across jurisdictional boundaries has parallels whether international or inter-municipal. In Canada and China, migrant workers only began receiving significant public attention in the past 20 years. Canada has had a boom in the use of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, yet tightening immigration procedures overall has led to a rise in the number of undocumented workers. While in China, most rural-to-urban migrants move without transferring their hukou residency registration. The authors argue that there are surprising parallels in the policy frameworks governing access to social rights for undocumented migrants in Quebec and in Shanghai, parallels that create social exclusion. Mutual lessons for addressing the social rights of irregular migrants are discussed.

Abstract
Resettling refugee women may be at greater risk than
other women for several harmful reproductive health outcomes as a result of their migration experience. The objective of this study was to determine differences in reproductive health status between refugee women in
countries of resettlement and non-refugee counterparts. A systematic review of the literature culled from five electronic databases and web searching of international agencies and academic centres focusing on refugees was
conducted. Of the forty-one high quality studies identified, fourteen looked at refugees exclusively; only nine of the fourteen focused on the reproductive health of refugees; six of the nine directly compared refugee to non-refugee women’s health. There is a paucity of populationbased data to support or refute claims of greater reproductive health risks for resettling refugee women.

Résumé
Les femmes réfugiées en situation de réétablissement
pourraient bien être plus susceptibles que d’autres femmes
de souffrir d’un certain nombre de conséquences néfastes en
matière de santé génésique suite à l’expérience de la migration.
Le but de cette étude était de cerner les différences entre le niveau de santé génésique des femmes réfugiées dans les pays de réétablissement et leurs congénères non-réfugiées. Pour ce faire, un examen systématique de la littérature provenant de cinq bases de données électroniques a
été entrepris, ainsi que des recherches sur le Web d’agences et de centres académiques internationaux. Des 41 études de haut niveau identifiées, seules 9 de ces études se concentraient sur la santé génésique des réfugiées ; 6 de ces 9 études effectuaient une comparaison directe entre la santé des réfugiées et celle des non-réfugiées. Il existe en fait un manque de données démographiques qui permettraient de soutenir ou de rejeter l’affirmation selon laquelle les risques sont accrus en matière de santé génésique chez les femmes réfugiées en cours de réétablissement.

Background

The high number of caesareans performed in High Income Countries (HICs) is of concern due to associated risks. Recommendations to reduce caesarean rates include preventing emergency caesareans among low-risk women (i.e., vertex, singleton, term pregnancies). Pregnant migrant women from low or middle income countries (LMICs) may face conditions that exacerbate childbearing and delivery health risks. The objective of this study was to identify medical, migration, social and health service predictors associated with emergency caesareans in low-risk migrant women from LMICs.

Methods

Using a case-control research design, migrant women from LMICs, and living in Canada ≤ 8 years were recruited from the postpartum units of three hospitals in a major urban Canadian city between March 2014 and January 2015. Data were collected from medical records and by administration of the Migrant-Friendly Maternity Care questionnaire (available in 8 languages). Low risk women who delivered by emergency caesarean for discretionary indications (cases) or vaginally (controls) were included in analyses. Multi-variable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of emergency caesarean.

Results

233 cases and 1615 controls were analyzed. Predictors of emergency caesarean were: pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 and/or excessive pregnancy weight gain (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02-2.13), poor maternal health (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.95-1.98), admission to birthing centre < 4 cm dilated (OR = 6.48, 95% CI 3.50-12.01), maternal region of birth Sub-Saharan African/Caribbean (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 0.95-5.99), and length of time in Canada < 2 years (OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.04-4.03). Among women < 2 years in Canada, gestational diabetes and/or hypertension (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 0.98-4.35), having a humanitarian migration classification (OR = 4.48, 95%CI 1.21-16.49), and admission to the birthing centre < 4 cm dilated (OR = 7.43, 95% CI 3.04-18.18) were important predictors.

Conclusion

There are important migration, medical, and health service predictors of emergency caesareans to migrant women from LMICs.

High caesarean birth rates among migrant women living in high-income countries are of concern. Women from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia consistently show overall higher rates compared with non-migrant women, whereas women from Latin America and North Africa/Middle East consistently show higher rates of emergency caesarean. Higher rates are more common with emergency caesareans than with planned caesareans. Evidence regarding risk factors among migrant women for undergoing a caesarean birth is lacking. Research suggests that pathways leading to caesarean births in migrants are complex, and they are likely to involve a combination of factors related to migrant women’s physical and psychological health, their social and cultural context and the quality of their maternity care. Migration factors, including length of time in receiving country and migration classification, have an influence on delivery outcome; however, their effects appear to differ by women’s country/region of origin.

The main objective of this data article is to present the data set which depicts the impact of child restraint legislation in Chile and its regions. The population of the study consisted of all car crashes records provided by the national police from 2002 to 2014, which included children aged 0–3. Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average ARIMA and Poisson model were used to present the association between the dependent and independent variables of interest. When the data are analyzed, it will help to determine the degree of relationship and the strength of significance between child restraint legislation policies enacted in 2005 and 2007, and child occupant fatalities and injuries. The data are related to “Impact of child restraint policies on child occupant fatalities and injuries in Chile and its regions: An interrupted time-series study” (Nazif-Munoz et al., 2018).

This introduction provides the rationale for the special issue of the International Journal of Human Rights on the topic of the children’s right to participation and protection in international development and humanitarian efforts. It summarises selected contributions relating to an international conference entitled ‘Facilitating Child Participation in International Child Protection’ that took place 5–6 October 2015 at Ryerson University in Toronto (Canada). The concepts of child participation and child protection are explored. Then, the challenges and opportunities are highlighted regarding the actual and potential participatory role of children and young people in effective child protection. Finally, an overview of the articles included in this collection is provided.

Despite scarce empirical research in most countries, evidence has shown that young children are unsupervised or under the supervision of another young child while their adult caregivers attend work or engage in other activities outside the home. Lack of quality supervision has been linked to unintentional childhood injuries and other negative outcomes. Nationally representative, population-based data from rounds four and five of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and four to eight of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 61 low- and middle-income countries were used to estimate prevalence and socio-economic factors associated with leaving children under five years old home alone or under the care of another child younger than 10 years of age. Socio-economic factors included age and sex of the child, rurality, wealth, maternal education, and household composition. Large variations in the prevalence rates (0.1–35.3% for children home alone and 0.2–50.6% for children supervised by another child) and associated factors have been recorded within and across regions and countries. Understanding why and under what conditions children are home alone or under the supervision of another child is crucial to the development of suitable policies and interventions to protect young children, promote healthy growth, and support caregivers. View Full-Text

Limited access to healthcare for vulnerable immigrant children in Europe and North America is increasingly worrisome as immigration policies harden. This paper analyzes the gap between States’ obligations under international human rights law and the disparate local implementations in diverse countries. Studies that are both multidisciplinary and incorporate micro and macro level indicators are needed to reveal discrepancies between entitlements and access. It is argued that the lack of available data on the magnitude of the problem and on its individual and public health consequences stems from the conflicting situation faced by health institutions required to simultaneously protect the best interest of each child and allocate limited resources. Collaboration in research is urgently needed to assist policy-makers and institutions make informed decisions.

Access to health care for undocumented migrant children and pregnant women confronts human rights and professional values with political and institutional regulations that limit services. In order to understand how health care professionals deal with these diverging mandates, we assessed their attitudes toward providing care to this population. Clinicians, administrators, and support staff (n = 1,048) in hospitals and primary care centers of a large multiethnic city responded to an online survey about attitudes toward access to health care services. Analysis examined the role of personal and institutional correlates of these attitudes. Foreign-born respondents and those in primary care centers were more likely to assess the present access to care as a serious problem, and to endorse broad or full access to services, primarily based on human rights reasons. Clinicians were more likely than support staff to endorse full or broad access to health care services. Respondents who approved of restricted or no access also endorsed health as a basic human right (61.1%) and child development as a priority (68.6%). A wide gap separates attitudes toward entitlement to health care and the endorsement of principles stemming from human rights and the best interest of the child. Case-based discussions with professionals facing value dilemmas and training on children’s rights are needed to promote equitable practices and advocacy against regulations limiting services.

The 14-year civil conflict in Liberia resulted in the separation of many children from their families. A population-based, multi-stage random cluster knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey of 1157 child caregivers was conducted in 12 districts in Liberia. Knowledge of alternative care and adoption is low and varies significantly by residence. Common misunderstandings include thinking that biological parents may migrate in cases of inter-country adoption (42% of rural and Greater Monrovia (GM); p = 0.2138), and that there is a legal obligation to place children in institutions whenever they cannot be cared for by their parents (42% urban, 35% rural; p = 0.0009). Willingness is high to foster children across all settings; and to send children to live with relatives, non-relatives, or in orphanages, particularly in rural areas (p < 0.0001). Willingness to foster children with special needs is higher in GM (p < 0.0001). Access to schooling is the main reason children are separated from their parents. Relocating with spouse is common in GM (p = 0.0540) and to assist relatives or friends in rural and urban areas (p = 0.5047). Financial need drives child separation, mostly in GM (p = 0.0723). Regulatory measures and public education campaigns must be developed and evaluated overtime with due consideration of residence.

Drawing on eighty interviews with mixed couples in Quebec, this article discusses how parents in such unions negotiate strategies of cultural transmission and develop “identity projects” for their children, that is, blueprints for the children’s ethnic identities. Our data show that instead of one person having to take on the other’s culture, and the children adopting that culture, both partners usually embrace cultural differences as enriching for themselves, their children, and the society in which they live. It is not so much a question of transmitting a “heritage” but rather making available a set of virtual cultural resources to the child that he or she will activate (or not) later in life. We argue that through the choices they make, mixed couples contribute to shaping a society where plural identities are normalized. In so doing, they become important agents of social change and participate in the creation of an enduring diversity, a long-term transformation of Quebec society, and even contribute to the multiple meanings of “Quebecois.”

The DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) may become an important tool to help operationalize culture in the clinical realm. However, challenges exist in teaching its use to avoid the risk of stereotyping and oversimplification, which could result in misunderstanding and stigma. The aim of this article is to document whether the CFI can be taught using regular Interdisciplinary Case Discussion Seminars (ICDSs), proposed as continuing education in child mental health and as part of clinical rotations for new trainees. During a two-year evaluative research project, ICDSs were held monthly in three different primary care settings servicing recent immigrants in Montreal, Canada. ICDSs were recorded and analyzed to examine their effect on the cultural formulation process and focus groups were conducted to explore the subjective experience of the participant trainees and professionals. Results suggest that ICDSs are a helpful way to teach the use of the CFI. The group discussions helped participants to better capture the complexity of the cultural and social experience of the child and family by moving away from simple identity assignations, supporting an inquiry into structural dimensions, and considering stigma and inequality in their formulation. The multiple levels of diversity (individual, disciplinary, and interinstitutional) represented in the discussion groups helped clinicians to understand the cultural formulation as situated in a specific relational context and a particular moment and, in so doing, helped trainees to avoid cultural formulations that essentialize culture.

The literature emphasizes that the school environment is a key factor for the mental health and academic achievementof immigrant and refugee children. However, few studies examined the role of school environment and peerrelationships for these youth attending a special education class. The aim of this paper is to study the associationbetween emotional difficulties and academic performance and their correlates in first and second generationimmigrants assigned to a special class in a multiethnic environment. The results emphasize the need to adopt aneco-systemic model to understand the complex and probably bidirectional relations between the mental healthsymptoms and academic performance in immigrant adolescents identified as having difficulties by the school system.The salience of peer relations and classroom environment suggests that schools need to promote positive school-basedrelationships to improve immigrant adolescent mental health.

Objective: This mixed method study examines the perinatal health care for undocumented women in Montreal (Quebec) and documents their experiences of that care.

Method(s): Files of precarious status women were reviewed (n = 591) at a major hospital and two community health centres in Montreal to document maternity services received. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews, 18 undocu-
mented women described their experiences of help seeking during pregnancy.

Results: File review confirmed that being uninsured is associated with substandard prenatal care. The qualitative analysis highlighted the numerous difficulties and sometimes abusive situations that undocumented pregnant women encounter while trying to access perinatal care.

Conclusion: These results suggest that it is urgent to revise provincial health policies in order to facilitate the access of undocumented women to care during the perinatal period.

This paper discusses results from a pilot study conducted in the spring of 2014 among young adults living in Montreal. The main objective of this study was to assess the relation between perception of the Charter of Quebec Values,¹ self-identification, perception of intercommunity relations, perceived discrimination, and psychological well-being in young students enrolled in undergraduate or graduate programs of a francophone university in Montreal. A total of 441 students (30.5% male, 69.5% female) took part in a web survey designed by the research team. The data analyses and results suggest that the debate around the Charter of Quebec values was associated with a shift from a predominantly positive perception of intercommunity relations to a predominantly negative one, particularly among women, immigrants, and those who self-identified as cultural or religious minorities. In addition, more than 30% of participants reported having experienced some form of ethnic or religious discrimination since the Charter was released (personally or as a witness). This was particularly the case among immigrants, as well as those who self-identified as bicultural or from cultural or religious minority groups. This study’s results thus highlight the exacerbation of intercommunity tensions linked to the public debate around identity and intercommunity relations in Quebec.

Au Canada, les demandeurs d’asile détenus en vertu des lois sur l’immigration sont enfermés dans des établissements de type carcéral, même si moins de 6 % d’entre eux sont soupçonnés de criminalité ou de dangerosité. Nous présentons un survol de la situation canadienne, incluant des données tirées de notre récente étude sur l’impact de la détention sur la santé mentale des demandeurs d’asile. Cette étude fut menée auprès de 122 demandeurs d’asile adultes détenus dans des centres de surveillance de l’immigration, à Montréal et à Toronto, et d’un groupe témoin de 66 demandeurs d’asile non détenus. Les demandeurs d’asile détenus vivent un sentiment de disempowerment et de perte d’agentivité en raison du régime de surveillance et de règles strictes dans lequel ils sont placés et de la durée indéterminée de leur détention. Après une incarcération moyenne de 31 jours, le niveau de symptômes psychiatriques était nettement plus élevé chez les demandeurs d’asile détenus que chez les non-détenus ayant eu une exposition traumatique prémigratoire équivalente. La Loi visant à protéger le système d’immigration du Canada (projet de loi C-31) prévoit que des demandeurs d’asile désignés par le ministre, incluant des jeunes de 16 ans et plus, seront automatiquement détenus avec une possibilité très limitée de demander la libération. Il faudrait, au contraire, envisager des solutions de rechange moins contraignantes.

OBJECTIVES:

The first objective of this qualitative component of a mixed-methods study is to provide a descriptive account of adult asylum seekers’ experience of detention in Canadian immigration detention centers. The second objective is to identify the main underlying factors accounting for their reported feelings of distress.

METHODS:

Researchers interviewed 81 adult asylum seekers held in two Canadian immigration detention centers concerning their experience of detention. Participants were drawn from a sample of 122 detained asylum seekers who had completed structured questionnaires about mental health and detention conditions.

RESULTS:

Asylum seekers expressed shock and humiliation at being “treated like criminals.” Detainees felt disempowered by the experience of waiting for an indeterminate period for the outcome of a discretionary decision over which they have little control, but which will determine their freedom and their future. For trauma survivors, detention sometimes triggered retraumatization.

CONCLUSIONS:

Detention, even for brief periods in relatively adequate conditions, was found to be detrimental to asylum seekers’ mental health. This adverse impact appears to be largely attributable to the combined effect of two factors: symbolic violence and disempowerment.

Pour l’élève immigrant, le contact interculturel occasionné par l’immigration génère une prise de conscience des différences et des ressemblances entre lui et les autres, ce qui influence son sentiment d’ipséité et sa perception de l’altérité. C’est notamment en jouant et en déplaçant les limites de son identité que l’enfant (re)définit qui il est. Cependant, cette mobilité des frontières identitaires peut ne pas être facilement perceptible. Une manière de rendre ce mouvement plus concret est d’avoir recours au dessin. Par le dessin, l’élève peut dévoiler d’importantes informations sur lui-même dont il n’est pas nécessairement conscient. Le dessin peut également lui permettre d’utiliser des symboles qui facilitent l’expression d’expériences qui n’ont pas été extériorisées et de les partager avec autrui. Enfin, le dessin peut ouvrir l’accès aux identifications vécues par l’enfant en donnant une forme symbolique ou figurative aux personnes auxquelles il s’identifie ou non.

L’objectif de cet article est d’examiner les dessins créés par deux jeunes immigrants sous l’angle du mouvement des frontières définissant l’identité et l’altérité. L’étude s’appuie sur des données obtenues dans le cadre d’une recherche-intervention de 14 semaines dans des classes d’accueil pour enfants immigrants d’une école primaire multiethnique de Montréal (Canada). À partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès d’élèves immigrants, de leurs parents et de leurs enseignants, ainsi qu’à partir d’autoportraits thématiques et de dessins libres commentés qu’ils ont réalisés lors de l’intervention, les auteures décrivent comment deux jeunes élèves nouvellement arrivés au Québec (re)définissent leur identité en jouant dans leurs dessins avec les limites identitaires. Les résultats suggèrent que les élèves immigrants ont recours à des stratégies d’assimilation et de différenciation qui sont illustrées dans les dessins qu’ils réalisent, de façon séparée ou simultanée. Le dessin semble soutenir la (re)définition de l’identité de ces enfants.

Immigration is extremely stressful and has an impact on children’s identity construction. When immigrating, children must make sense of the changes they experience in order to develop a flexible and plural identity. Schools can foster this meaning-making process by promoting the creation of bridges between home and school social markers. These bridges allow movement between different aspects of students’ identity and account for multiple identity configurations. One way to promote connections between identities is to offer creative expression activities within classrooms. When drawing, children project their inner feelings onto images through symbols and identify to elements of their drawings, which contribute to their identity construction. In this paper, the authors rely on data obtained from immigrant children’s drawings and interviews to present three identity expression strategies put in place in their drawings: protective withdrawal on the identity of origin to allow movement between identities, mastery of globalized youth cultural identity and neutralization of identities. These strategies reveal the relationship between identities, particularly between the cultural identity of origin and that of the host culture. One strategy, the protective withdrawal on the identity of origin to allow movement between identities will be illustrated by the case of a young Chinese boy.

Because they propose a form of modeling, videos have been recognised to be useful to transfer knowledge about practices requiring teachers to adopt a different role. This paper describes the results of a satisfaction survey with 98 teachers, school administrators and professionals regarding their appreciation of training videos showing teacher-led psychosocial interventions. The association between teachers’ appreciation of the video and their desire to implement the intervention are explored in terms of authenticity, vicarious learning and self-efficacy, in an attempt to further comprehend how the use of video supports different aspects of modeling (skills – know-how, attitudes – know-how to be). The authors suggest that training videos featuring teachers leading psychosocial interventions support knowledge transfer because learners can relate to successful peers and can think of themselves as competent to replicate the intervention and comfortable to adopt a different role in the classroom. Parce qu’elles proposent une forme de modelage, les vidéos ont été reconnues comme utiles pour le transfert de connaissances au sujet des pratiques exigeant que les enseignants jouent un rôle différent. Cet article décrit les résultats d’une enquête sur la satisfaction réalisée auprès de 98 enseignants, administrateurs et professionnels scolaires quant à leur appréciation des vidéos de formation montrant des interventions psychosociales menées par des enseignants. Le lien entre l’appréciation de la vidéo par les enseignants et leur désir de mettre en pratique l’intervention est exploré en matière d’authenticité, d’apprentissage par procuration et d’auto-efficacité, pour tenter de mieux comprendre comment l’usage de la vidéo appuie différents aspects du modelage (aptitudes, savoir-faire, attitudes, savoir-être). Les auteurs suggèrent que les vidéos de formation montrant des enseignants menant des interventions psychosociales appuient le transfert de connaissances, car les apprenants peuvent s’identifier à des pairs qui réussissent et peuvent s’imaginer comme ayant la compétence pour reproduire l’intervention et être à l’aise d’adopter un rôle différent dans la salle de classe.

Identity construction can be very complex for refugee children, especially for Palestinian refugee children. For refugee children, organised violence and immigration are important parts of their life experience that can lead to trauma, which in turn influences how they construct their collective identity. Schools have to consider this specific experience as the development of a meaningful identity is an important factor in refugee students’ well-being and school adjustment. School-based activities centred on creative expression can help refugee students in expressing trauma and in making sense of their identity and migration experience. This paper presents the case study of a 9-year-old Palestinian refugee boy in Canada and explores how he expressed and made sense of his multiple identities in his drawings. Many features of the boy’s drawings evoked a wounded identity, especially spatial disorganisation and enmeshment. Data analysis revealed that the boy might have been experiencing collective identity trauma and that he used drawing and a peer as props to heal his wounded identity. Both drawing and the space offered by his teacher to safely explore and experiment with different identities contributed to the integration of his multiple identities into a meaningful whole, which contributed to his school adjustment.

Quelles sont les particularités de l’intervention en soutien à domicile auprès des personnes âgées immigrantes ? L’auteure propose de les décrire et de les comprendre en s’intéressant précisément aux dimensions relationnelles et communicationnelles, qui se révèlent fondamentales à l’échec ou à la réussite des interventions.

Mettant au premier plan les hommes et les femmes qui œuvrent dans ce secteur d’activité, l’approche ethnographique adoptée permet de saisir l’interaction dans ses multiples facettes : interactionnelles, subjectives, intersubjectives, organisationnelles et sociales. Des cas concrets, tirés d’observations d’interventions, et des extraits d’entretiens démontrent que la culture, en lien avec l’ethnicité, n’est qu’un des éléments qui caractérisent l’intervention et qu’il importe de prendre en considération l’influence d’autres espaces identitaires et culturels (cultures institutionnelles et organisationnelles, culture du service, culture professionnelle, culture du domicile).

La démarche proposée déborde des cadres théoriques actuels et intègre de multiples perspectives : communicationnelles, sociales, cliniques, critiques et éthiques. Les résultats interrogent notamment le rapport à l’altérité et dénotent l’importance de considérer la diversité chez l’ensemble de la clientèle, que celle-ci ait un vécu migratoire ou non. Ils remettent aussi en question le fonctionnement actuel de l’organisation des soins et des services à domicile en dénonçant les effets de l’implantation de l’idéologie gestionnaire dans ce contexte particulier d’intervention.

L’ouvrage intéressera avant tout les intervenants et les gestionnaires du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux qui souhaitent connaître, de l’intérieur, le travail réel et le travail vécu des intervenants en soutien à domicile dans un contexte pluriethnique.

Interpreting in medical and especially in psychiatric and psychotherapy settings is an ethical imperative. In mental health, clinical assessment and intervention require that the interpreter have specific skills and sensitivity to work with a patient-centered approach. This chapter provides an orientation to working with mental health interpreters, with a review of relevant research literature and theoretical models followed by guidelines and practical recommendations relevant to cultural consultation. Key principles are presented on how to work with interpreters in various contexts (e.g. CBT, psychodynamic, family therapy). Case vignettes from the CCS are provided throughout the text to illustrate the main points. In cultural consultation, issues of roles, neutrality and the interpreter’s identity (age, gender, ethnicity, religion, political orientation) should be carefully considered. In addition to the individual characteristics of interpreters, it is essential that organizational efforts are made to adapt institutional policies to patients’ linguistic and cultural diversity. Institutional change depends on recognizing interpreters’ skills and contributions to clinical work and encouraging practitioners to work with trained interpreters rather than untrained or ad hoc interpreters, especially family members. Quality assurance standards must formally require the routine use of interpreters in mental health and there must be mechanisms in place to monitor and enforce these standards.

L’importance de l’interprétariat dans le domaine de la santé mentale en situation de barrières linguistique et culturelle n’est plus à démontrer. Le dialogue est la base à partir de laquelle l’évaluation et le traitement sont élaborés, et la langue est le principal moyen par lequel les usagers transmettent leurs souffrances et par lequel les intervenants partagent leur compréhension de la situation de ces derniers. La présence d’un interprète est dès lors cruciale en contexte plurilingue. Toutefois, travailler avec un interprète ne s’improvise pas et nécessite de savoir à qui on a à faire et ce que l’on en attend, mais implique également des enjeux relationnels que cette tierce personne peut susciter. Les conséquences éthiques sont grandes et les dilemmes qui peuvent en résulter soulignent une nécessité d’encadrement

L’implication se pose, et s’insinue de manière complexe, dans nos réflexions et nos choix, en tant que chercheur. Elle nous apparaît dans sa complexité comme le contenant d’un ensemble de liens que nous avons avec l’objet de recherche, sa « naissance », sa construction, son cheminement, son devenir, en nous et hors de nous. L’implication est ce terme général qui « permet d’inclure toutes les relations…

Cet article porte sur le sujet de la mort et du deuil en contexte migratoire. Il  repose sur deux recherches qualitatives menées sur le territoire du Québec au Canada. La première a permis de rencontrer des femmes et hommes endeuillés, des informateurs clés de religions chrétienne, musulmane et hindoue. La deuxième porte sur les transmissions intergénérationnelles de trios générationnels de femmes réfugiées. Les principaux résultats présentés mettent en avant l’importance des pratiques rituelles funéraires lorsque la perte d’un être cher se produit dans la société d’accueil. Cependant, le respect et l’application de ces pratiques dépendent du cadre juridique de la société d’accueil. Les personnes endeuillées s’adaptent alors et développent des stratégies pour maintenir les pratiques les plus significatives. Enfin, le discours des femmes réfugiées nous amène à porter un autre regard sur l’investissement des réseaux transnationaux et la migration lors de l’événement de la mort et du deuil.