Exploring belonging: Experiences of refugee children and families in Camp Cosmos
N. Ives, PhD, H. Alqawasma, P. Kline, L. Morland, M. Rabiau, E. Gonzalez (2019)
Camp Cosmos was founded in 1971 in Montreal to provide children from diverse social, economic and cultural backgrounds with a safe and fun environment to play, learn and grow. The summer camp is grounded on an anti-oppression philosophy that drives its enriching intercultural, accessibility, environmental, youth leadership and athletic programs. After 47 summers of empowering children, building communities with families, and fostering support networks with partner organizations, Camp Cosmos continues to be a vehicle of social transformation in Montreal. Since 1971, more than 2000 children have participated in the Camp Cosmos summer camp program. In response to the Syrian refugee crises, Camp Cosmos expanded in 2016 to create a second camp on Montreal’s West Island. That year, 23 Syrian children were welcomed at both the West Island and Downtown locations. In summer 2017, numbers rose, with 28 Syrian children and 12 children whose families had recently crossed the Canadian/USA border for a total of 40 (camp fees waived). The total number of campers in 2017 was 121 (up from 50 in 2014). In addition to welcoming Syrian campers, there were also 3 young Syrian counselors-in- training who had their first Canadian job experience. In 2018, with the aim to continue adapting to the Montreal society’s needs, Camp Cosmos welcomed 158 campers from diverse backgrounds, introduced a sliding scale payment system to welcome a greater diversity of campers, and extended the hours of care to improve access to camp. The camp adapted their 5-day staff training to include a greater focus on their anti- oppression mandate and a focus on accessibility by collaborating with Montreal-based organizations. For the first time, the camp welcomed 12 and 13-year-old campers, filling the previously existing age gap, to participate in a new program that included both activities with the whole camp as well as volunteer opportunities at community organizations.
A Minimum Evaluation Protocol and Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial of Access Open Minds, a Large Canadian Youth Mental Health Services Transformation Project
Iyer, S. N., Shah, J., Boksa, P., Lal, S., Joober, R., Andersson, N., Malla, A. K., C. Rousseau et al. (2019)
Background: Many Canadian adolescents and young adults with mental health problems face delayed detection, long waiting lists, poorly accessible services, care of inconsistent quality and abrupt or absent inter-service transitions. To address these issues, ACCESS Open Minds, a multi-stakeholder network, is implementing and systematically evaluating a transformation of mental health services for youth aged 11 to 25 at 14 sites across Canada. The transformation plan has five key foci: early identification, rapid access, appropriate care, the elimination of age-based transitions between services, and the engagement of youth and families.
Methods: The ACCESS Open Minds Research Protocol has multiple components including a minimum evaluation protocol and a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial, that are detailed in this paper. Additional components include qualitative methods and cost-effectiveness analyses. The services transformation is being evaluated at all sites via a minimum evaluation protocol. Six sites are participating in the stepped-wedge trial whereby the intervention (a service transformation along the key foci) was rolled out in three waves, each commencing six months apart. Two sites, one high-population and one low-population, were randomly assigned to each of the three waves, i.e., randomization was stratified by population size. Our primary hypotheses pertain to increased referral numbers, and reduced wait times to initial assessment and to the commencement of appropriate care. Secondary hypotheses pertain to simplified pathways to care; improved clinical, functional and subjective outcomes; and increased satisfaction among youth and families. Quantitative measures addressing these hypotheses are being used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention
Exploring Community Mobilization in Northern Quebec: Motivators, Challenges, and Resilience in Action
S. L. Fraser, S-R. Hordyk, N. Etok et C. Weetaltuk (2019)
Nunavimmiut (people of the land) are the Indigenous peoples of the northern peninsula of the province of Quebec. Communities of Nunavik and its regional organizations have been making concerted efforts in implementing community-based strategies to support family wellbeing. These community strategies are grounded in many of the values underpinning community psychology: favoring empowerment-oriented approaches, fostering community capacity, and transforming organizational cultures to allow for new modes of interaction, as well as new policies and practices that are grounded in community and culture. Despite the growing support and expectation for community mobilization, there is still very little research on the processes and challenges to such mobilization.
In this study, we explored the unique challenges and facilitators to community endeavors in northern Quebec in order to better understand the complex dynamics and the strengths that Inuit build upon. We first used a focused ethnographic approach in the context of a 5-year community mobilization project in Nunavik. We then conducted 12 individual interviews and two small group interviews with Inuit working on community-based wellbeing-oriented mobilization projects in four additional communities.
Results expose how sociogeographical realities and colonialism influence the process of community mobilization. They also highlight the values and motivational factors that lead community members to move beyond these influences
A Qualitative Analysis of Coping With Trauma and Exile in Applied Theatre With Syrian Refugees : The Role of Within-Group Interactions
S. de Smet, C. Rousseau, C. Stalpaertd et L. De Haenee (2019, aout)
Around the world, armed conflicts force people to leave their homes, families, and communities in search of protection from collective violence, and seek to regain a meaningful perspective on their lives within the borders of their Western host societies. As the dynamics of organized violence and forced displacement continue to impact and disrupt relationships in refugee communities, scholars in the field of refugee trauma care have increasingly argued for the need to understand spaces that are able to restore safety, meaning, and connectedness in the process of post-trauma reconstruction within those disrupted communities. This is reflected in the growing interest in community-based psychosocial interventions. In this article, we focus on applied theatre interventions with refugee communities. In doing so, we aim to understand the restorative role of within-group interactions in applied theatre. We performed a case study of a community-based applied theatre project with Syrian refugees who were recently resettled in Belgium. The qualitative analysis that was the result of this case study allows us to develop an understanding of the various processes of coping with trauma and exile that are at play in within-group interactions between Syrian community members in applied theatre, against a background of authoritarian rule, collective violence, and forced displacement.
Highlights
- • Within-group interactions in applied theatre can play a r5restorative role in coping with trauma and exile in refugee communities.
- • The group in applied theatre provides participants a temporary safe haven.
- • Within-group interactions reinstall a sense of personal continuity.
- • Within-group interactions install a sense of hope for political and social change.
- • Within-group interactions enable participants to reshape cultural belonging.
Un nouveau comité consultatif Art et vivre-ensemble au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal
Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, le 25 juillet 2019 Mention de Cécile Rousseau Lire>>
Learning From Partnership Tensions in Transcultural Interdisciplinary Case Discussion Seminars: A Qualitative Study of Collaborative Youth Mental Health Care Informed by Game Theory
Johnson-Lafleur, J., Papazian-Zohrabian, G. et Rousseau, C. (2019)
Although collaborative care was adopted in several countries, including Canada, to improve the health and social services system, partnerships are often experienced as challenging. In many cases, transformative partnership remains a political rhetoric rather than a practical reality. This article presents an analysis of partnership relationships in youth mental health (YMH) using insights from game theory and a qualitative analysis of interactions during transcultural interinstitutional and interdisciplinary case discussion seminars (TIICDSs).
Drawing on the analysis of 40 seminar sessions and six focus groups with seminar participants conducted in Montréal (Canada) between October 2013 and April 2015, this article interrogates the conditions and processes present in TIICDSs that contribute to building and strengthening YMH partnerships, examining how tensions among TIICDS participants are attended to.
Research results indicate that TIICDSs can be seen as a game operating under different rules than real-life clinical work. They are characterized by the establishment of a climate of trust and respect, a high value placed on diversity and creativity, a concern for affects and power dynamics, a process of inclusive dialogue and negotiation, and a consideration for continuity. The game rules allow participants to safely apprehend a situation from a different perspective, a key competence in intercultural and collaborative YMH care. Results also indicate that participants complexify their representations by playing with divergent perceptions of people and situations and that enhanced case formulations are collective game outcomes. In light of our findings, tensions in collaborations can be seen as constituting both obstacles that can be counterproductive if not attended to, as well as powerful and useful learning tools that, under certain conditions, can support the clinical process and contribute to partnership building. Some clinical and partnership impasses may be overcome through clinical case discussions that allow partners to address these tensions and negotiate power relationships.
Colloque Challenging Migrant Detention
Le colloque Challenging Migrant Detention: Human Rights, Advocacy and Mental Health a rassemblé de nombreux chercheurs, activistes, avocats, cliniciens, décideurs et migrants afin d’explorer les tendances internationales et les pistes de changements relatives à la détention liée à l’immigration. À la lumière des expériences de détention et de résistance dans divers pays, ils ont réfléchi […]
Vers une conception théorique multidimensionnelle du climat scolaire interculturel
Archambault, I., McAndrew, M.; Audet, G., Borri-Anadon, C., Hirsch, S., Amiraux, V. et Tardif-Grenier, K. (2018)
Le climat d’une école résulte des relations continues entre les individus qui la composent. Dans les milieux où la diversité ethnoculturelle est très présente, ces relations entre les acteurs contribuent donc nécessairement à la construction du climat. Il n’existe toutefois aucune définition claire du climat scolaire interculturel. Une telle définition est pourtant nécessaire, tant pour mieux comprendre les normes, les valeurs, les croyances et les échanges qui existent entre les acteurs issus de la diversité au sein d’un milieu que pour identifier les pratiques qui sont ou qui devraient être mises en place par l’école pour soutenir la réussite de tous les élèves.
S’inscrivant dans une perspective interculturelle et inclusive, nous visons dans un premier temps à combler les limites actuelles des écrits scientifiques en proposant une définition théorique du climat scolaire interculturel qui prévaut dans les écoles. Cette définition comporte cinq dimensions, soit 1) l’engagement de l’école en faveur d’une culture d’équité et d’ouverture à la diversité dans les rapports avec les élèves, les familles et la collectivité, 2) le statut et la légitimité des cultures et des langues d’origine dans les pratiques en classe et dans les normes et les règlements des établissements, 3) les attitudes du personnel à l’égard des élèves et des familles d’origines diverses et de la diversité en général, 4) la qualité des relations interculturelles entre les élèves et le personnel d’origines diverses et, enfin, 5) le soutien de l’école à la construction identitaire des jeunes issus de la diversité.
Dans un second temps, nous présentons un portrait des rares liens documentés entre ces différentes facettes du climat scolaire interculturel et la réussite éducative des élèves.
Prendre en compte l’expérience pré-, péri- et post-migratoire des élèves réfugiés afin de favoriser leur accueil et leur expérience socioscolaire
Papazian-Zohrabian, G. Mamprin, C. Lemire, V. et Turpin-Samson, A. (2018)
À la suite de l’arrivée de nombreux réfugiés syriens en 2015-2016 et dans le but de les accueillir, plusieurs mesures extraordinaires et ressources supplémentaires ont été déployées par le gouvernement du Canada. En considérant que près de la moitié des nouveaux arrivants étaient mineurs, l’école québécoise s’est retrouvée devant de nombreux défis relatifs à l’accueil et à l’organisation des pratiques scolaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons mené une recherche-action visant à évaluer une intervention mise en place en contexte scolaire pour favoriser le bienêtre et le sentiment d’appartenance des élèves réfugiés syriens.
L’action comportait deux volets distincts : des groupes de parole menés en classe sur des sujets sensibles (ex. : la migration, les deuils et les pertes, la famille) et un accompagnement psychosocial proposé à des élèves identifiés par les acteurs scolaires comme étant potentiellement en mal-être. Cinq classes, provenant de deux écoles secondaires et une école primaire, ont participé à la recherche.
Cet article reprend des données secondaires collectées dans ce cadre pour mettre en lumière des résultats de recherche qui soulignent l’importance de la compréhension et de la prise en compte de l’expérience pré-, péri- et post-migratoire des élèves réfugiés en vue de favoriser leur accueil et leur expérience socioscolaire. Nous discutons, entre autres, de l’écart important entre la perception des acteurs scolaires du parcours migratoire et du vécu de leurs élèves réfugiés d’une part et de l’expérience réelle de ceux-ci d’autre part.
L’école à l ’épreuve de la diversité ethnoculturelle de son personnel: regards compréhensifs croisés [Introduction thématique]
Morrissette, J. et Audet, G. (2018)
Ce numéro d’Alterstice s’inscrit dans le contexte actuel, où les rencontres interculturelles sont multipliées. La diversification des société fait naître différentes problématiques, notamment celles liées à l’intégration sociale et professionnelle des immigrants et de leurs familles, en particulier dans les grands centres urbains, où ils ont davantage tendance à s’établir. Mais c’est à l’école, dans les établissements scolaires et leurs environnements, lieux privilégiés de rencontres, de maillage et de métissage, que cet enjeu prend forme, dans des dynamiques de socialisation aux codes du vivre ensemble.
Nous interrogeons ici les expériences et relations interculturelles au sein de la communauté éducative, ce qui implique de porter attention à une multiplicité d’acteurs : enseignants, élèves, professionnels (orthopédagogues, éducateurs spécialisés, etc.), équipe de direction, employés de soutien (secrétaire, concierge, etc.), familles, organismes communautaires, etc. Divers éclairages théoriques et empiriques sont proposés pour appréhender les processus d’ajustements continus et réciproques dans la négociation de cette diversité à l’école, au travers des interactions quotidiennes.
Sont regroupés d’abord les textes qui rapportent spécifiquement la perspective des enseignants formés à l’étranger à propos de leurs expériences d’intégration dans le nouveau milieu professionnel, au Québec et en Ontario. Sont ensuite proposés des textes qui croisent les regards de différents acteurs sur la diversité ethnoculturelle au sein de l’école et les défis qu’elle soulève, mais aussi les ressources qu’elle constitue pour les relations au sein de l’écologie professionnelle.
La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada
Aube, T., Pisanu, S., Merry, L. (2019, juillet)
La Maison Bleue is a community-based perinatal health and social centre in Montreal that provides services during pregnancy up to age five to families living in vulnerable contexts. The study aimed to describe: 1) the challenges and protective factors that affect the well-being of migrant families receiving care at La Maison Bleue; and 2) how La Maison Bleue strengthens resilience among these families.
Mon papa et moi… d’un pays à l’autre
Christine Gervais, Isabel Côté, Renée-Pier Trottier-Cyr, Tatou Lachaîne-Parisien, Stéphanie Leduc, François PénzesChristine Gervais (2019)
Réalisé dans le cadre du projet de recherche L’enfant immigrant et sa famille : Écouter pour mieux comprendre sous la direction de Christine Gervais
En français
En anglais
En espagnol
Trousse d’outils pour soutenir l’intervention auprès de demandeurs d’asile
Cécile Rousseau, Garine Ppazian-Zohrabien, Véronique Harvey, Geneviève Binette, Carole Robichaud Cécile Rousseau, Garine Papazian-Zohrabian (2019)
Dans le cadre de la Trousse d’outils pour soutenir l’intervention auprès de demandeurs d’asile, réaliseés par le CERDA qui comprend 7 capsules vidéo d’experts provenant de disciplines variées.
Introduction to the Themed Section: A Question of Caring‐Ethical and Policy Dilemmas Arising From Care Migration
Tungohan, E., & Hanley, J. (2019)
Ebola and Localized Blame on Social Media: Analysis of Twitter and Facebook Conversations During the 2014–2015 Ebola Epidemic
Roy, M., Moreau, N., Rousseau, C., Mercier, A., Wilson, A., & Atlani-Duault, L. (2019)
This study aimed to analyze main groups accused on social media of causing or spreading the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. In this analysis, blame is construed as a vehicle of meaning through which the lay public makes sense of an epidemic, and through which certain classes of people become “figures of blame”. Data was collected from Twitter and Facebook using key word extraction, then categorized thematically. Our findings indicate an overall proximate blame tendency: blame was typically cast on “near-by” figures, namely national governments, and less so on “distant” figures, such as generalized figures of otherness (“Africans”, global health authorities, global elites). Our results also suggest an evolution of online blame. In the early stage of the epidemic, blame directed at the affected populations was more prominent. However, during the peak of the outbreak, the increasingly perceived threat of inter-continental spread was accompanied by a progressively proximal blame tendency, directed at figures with whom the social media users had pre-existing biopolitical frustrations. Our study proposes that pro-active and on-going analysis of blame circulating in social media can usefully help to guide communications strategies, making them more responsive to public perceptions.
Current Challenges in Addressing Youth Mental Health in the Context of Violent Radicalization
Rousseau, C., & Hassan, G. (2019)
Although structural violence and social inequality affect youth physical and mental health throughout the world, the problem of violent radicalization (VR) has more recently emerged as an area of concern for professionals working with youth. Radicalization is a dynamic, complex process that is generated and fueled by intercommunity frictions and conflicting political, social, and economic discourses and interests. It takes the form of a shift away from a moderate point of view to a rigid one that rejects the status quo and demands drastic societal change, although not necessarily through violence.2 Violent radicalization is when radicalization includes the support of or the plan to use violent measures, including hate crimes and incidents and/or mass killings, often targeting a group characteristic (race, religion, gender orientation and identity, or political views), to achieve one’s goals of social change.
Collective Identity, Social Adversity and College Student Sympathy for Violent Radicalization
Rousseau, C., Oulhote, Y., Lecompte, V., Mekki-Berrada, A., Hassan, G., & El Hage, H. (2019)
Identity issues have been at the forefront in studies on determinants of youth violent radicalization. Identity uncertainty and identity fusion appear to be associated with quests for meaning, which may find some answers in extremist discourses and radical engagements. This process has been considered to be particularly important for second-generation migrants who have to negotiate multiple identities, sometimes in situations of social adversity. T
his paper aims to understand the relations between collective identity, social adversity (discrimination and exposure to violence), and sympathy for violent radicalization in College students in Quebec. This mixed-method study consisted of a large online survey conducted at eight colleges in Quebec. Multilevel analysis accounted for the clustered nature of data while generalized additive mixed models were used to study nonlinear relations.
Results highlight the complex associations between collective identity and youth sympathy for violent radicalization. They confirm that negative public representations of minority communities may lead to more sympathy for violent radicalization. Although results suggest that strong enough identities can act as protective anchorages for youth, they also indicate that when collective identity becomes too central in personal identity this may accentuate othering processes and legitimize violence toward the out-group.
These results have implications for prevention programs. They indicate that improving the public image of minority communities through mainstream media or the social media may increase youth public self-esteem and decrease their sympathy for violent radicalization. They also invite the education field to foster the development of strong plural identities
Transcultural Mental Health Services for Refugees
Measham, T., Guzder, J., Jarvis, G. E., Elias, R., Rousseau, C., Nadeau, L., & Hassan, G. (2019)
Family’s Migration Experience and Distress Among Asian-Canadian Immigrant Youth
Moon, J., & Ruiz-Casares, M. (2019)
Asian immigrant parents often expect their children to pursue higher education and to succeed academically; this may be reinforced as parents lose social status upon arrival to the host country. In response, Asian immigrant youth often experience psychological distress and alienation from their parents. We studied Asian immigrant youth’s exposure to parental expectations and parents’ struggles post-migration to Canada, in conjunction with Asian immigrant youth’s career and academic choices and level of distress. Forty-nine first- and second-generation Asian immigrant university students from a single Canadian university institution completed an on-line survey assessing their migration trajectory, parents’ expectation and influence in choosing their field of study, and distress. Parental difficulties and participants’ awareness of those were highly correlated with perceptions of high parental expectations and filial piety. Whereas second-generation youth focused more on how they received direct pressure from parents to succeed according to parental standards, first-generation youth placed higher emphasis on how their own awareness of parental difficulties acted as a source of internal motivation. The average depression score of first-generation respondents was significantly higher than that of second-generation respondents, and association between family’s financial struggle and guilt was observed. This study provides insight on possible contributors to distress in Asian immigrant youth related to parental expectations and struggles post-migration.
Les parents immigrés asiatiques s’attendent souvent à ce que leurs enfants poursuivent des études supérieures et réussissent dans leurs études. Cette attente peut être renforcé lorsque les parents perdent leur statut social à leur arrivée au Canada. En réaction, les jeunes immigrants asiatiques éprouvent souvent une détresse psychologique et une aliénation de leurs parents. Nous avons étudié l’exposition des jeunes immigrants asiatiques aux attentes parentales et aux difficultés vécus par leurs parents suite à l’immigration au Canada, ainsi que les choix de carrière, les choix scolaires et le niveau de détresse chez des jeunes immigrants asiatiques. Quarante-neuf immigrés d’Asie de première et de deuxième génération qui étudient dans une institution universitaire canadienne ont participé à un sondage en ligne évaluant leur trajectoire migratoire, les attentes des parents et leur influence dans le choix de leur domaine d’études, ainsi que leur niveau de détresse. Les difficultés reliées à immigration des parents et la conscience des participants à ces problèmes étaient liées aux perceptions d’attentes parentales élevées et à la piété filiale. Alors que les jeunes de la deuxième génération se concentraient davantage sur la manière dont ils se sentaient obligés de répondre aux attentes des parents, les jeunes de la première génération d’immigrant ont fait part qu’ils ont pleinement conscience des difficultés éprouvées et vécues par leur parents et cela constitue pour eux une source de motivation interne. Le score moyen de dépression des répondants de la première génération était significativement supérieur à celui des répondants de la deuxième génération. En plus, nous avons noté un lien entre les difficultés financières de la famille et la culpabilité chez les répondants. Cette étude offre un aperçu des facteurs qui contribuent à la détresse chez les jeunes immigrants asiatiques, liés aux attentes des parents et aux difficultés qu’ils rencontrent suite à la migration.
Politiques des morts et pratiques des vivants : enjeux autour des morts en migration
Representations on Gender and Matrimonial Practices Among Young Practitioners in the Quebecois Religious Landscape: Sexual Ethics as a Source of Distinction
Mossière, G., & Le Gall, J. (2019)
La Pratique de la thérapie et de la relation d’aide
Mearns, D., Thorne, B., Loyon, C., Pedevilla, S., & Rousseau, C. (2019, mai)
Synthèse sur la thérapie par l’approche centrée sur la personne (ACP), développée par le psychologue humaniste américain, Carl Rogers (1902-1987). Elle propose des clés pour comprendre la relation qui se noue entre un patient et son thérapeute à partir d’exemples concrets.
Premier colloque étudiant SHERPA
C’est avec beaucoup de plaisir que le SHERPA, Institut Universitaire au regard des communautés ethnoculturelles, vous invite à prendre part à la toute première édition de son colloque étudiant·es et jeunes chercheur·es. Cet événement, ouvert à tous, permettra aux étudiant·es et stagiaires postdoctoraux de vous présenter leurs travaux de recherche et d’échanger autour des thématiques […]
Sex, Grief, and Psychic Trauma: Considering History and Politics in the Psychosexual Treatment of Women with FGC
Koukoui, Sophia (2019)
Purpose of Review
This paper stems from a presentation given at the “Second International Expert Meeting on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): Sharing data and experiences, improving collaboration,” which took place at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste. Justine, Montreal, Canada, in May 2018. It aims to shed light on the psychosexual health of women with female genital cutting (FGC), drawing from both scientific research and clinical work. This paper also addresses the inherent challenges to healthcare delivery for “cut” women and seeks to illuminate the social and historical realities that form the backdrop to the clinical encounter.
Recent Findings
While there is a vast body of literature on the psychological determinants of sexual health, studies on “cut” women’s sexual health have yet to delve into its psychological correlates. In addition, healthcare delivery for women with FGC poses a number of challenges, which impinge upon patient experience and health-seeking behavior.
Summary
Ethical considerations in care delivery for women with FGC must delve into the hegemonic nature of the patient-practitioner interactions and politics of Otherness. Interdisciplinary research and praxis on FGC will prevent biological reductionism and the pathologization of these women. It will afford more integrated, comprehensive, and ethical care for women with FGC.
Exploring the Discrimination–Radicalization Nexus: Empirical Evidence From Youth and Young Adults in Belgium
Frounfelker, R. L., Frissen, T., Vanorio, I., Rousseau, C., & d’Haenens, L. (2019)
Objectives :Violence committed by extremists has serious violent and non-violent public health consequences. Researchers have hypothesized an association between experiencing discrimination and support for radicalization. This study examines the relationship between perceived discrimination and support for violent extremism among youth and young adults in Belgium.
Methods: A total of 2037 young adults between the ages of 16 and 30 participated in the study. We used multivariate linear regression to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of perceived discrimination, and scores on the Radical Intention Scale (RIS).
Results: Sex, religion, generation status, and language were associated with experiencing discrimination. Sex and language were associated with scores on the RIS. Discrimination based on language and political views was independently associated with scores on the RIS. Discrimination experienced during interactions with the police/justice system was also associated with RIS scores.
Conclusions : Public health primary prevention programs and policies that target the relationship between discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization need to be situated on micro- to macro-levels. Of primary importance is the development of partnerships between stakeholders in public health, legal, political, and educational sectors to develop strategies to diminish discrimination and promote positive civic engagement among youth.
Barriers and Recruitment Strategies for Precarious Status Migrants in Montreal, Canada
M. Fête, J. Aho, M. Benoit, P. Cloos, V. Ridde (2019)
Precarious status migrants are a group of persons who are vulnerable, heterogeneous, and often suspicious of research teams. They are underrepresented in population-based research projects, and strategies to recruit them are described exclusively in terms of a single cultural group. We analyzed the recruitment strategies implemented during a research project aimed at understanding precarious status migrants’ health status and healthcare access in Montreal, Canada. The research sample consisted of 854 persons recruited from a variety of ethnocultural communities between June 2016 and September 2017. This article analyzes the strategies implemented by the research team to respond to the challenges of that recruitment, and assess the effectiveness of those strategies. Based on the results, we share the lessons learned with a view to increasing precarious status migrants’ representation in research.
A mixed sequential design was used to combine qualitative data gathered from members of the research team at a reflexive workshop (n = 16) and in individual interviews (n = 15) with qualitative and quantitative data collected using the conceptual mapping method (n = 10).
The research team encountered challenges in implementing the strategies, related to the identification of the target population, the establishment of community partnerships, and suspicion on the part of the individuals approached. The combination of a venue-based sampling method, a communications strategy, and the snowball sampling method was key to the recruitment. Linking people with resources that could help them was useful in obtaining their effective and non-instrumental participation in the study. Creating a diverse and multicultural team helped build trust with participants. However, the strategy of matching the ethnocultural identity of the interviewer with that of the respondent was not systematically effective.
The interviewers’ experience and their understanding of the issue are important factors to take into consideration in future research. More over, the development of a community resource guide tailored to the needs of participants should be major components of any research project targeting migrants. Finally, strategies should be implemented as the result of a continuous reflexive process among all members of the research team.
Exploring Intersectionality as a Policy Tool for Gender Based Policy Analysis: Implications for Language and Health Literacy as Key Determinants of Integration
Clark, N., & Vissandjée, B. (2019)
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in Canada has set the stage for inclusive policy. Health literacy, language spoken, and gender are among the selected differential resettlement determinants of refugees’ access to health resources and opportunities. Gender-based analysis (GBA) is a priority for IRPA for promoting inclusive settlement policies. However, these legislative structures do not reflect language and health literacy as important intersections for immigrant integration. The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate that intersectionality as a policy tool can help structural and political processes to promote social justice and integration commitments to settlement and health care policy.
Re: The Role of Physicians in the Violence Epidemic
Migrant Women’s Health and Housing Insecurity: An Intersectional Analysis
Hanley, J., Ives, N., Lenet, J., Hordyk, S.-R., Walsh, C., Ben Soltane, S., & Este, D. (2019)
Purpose
This paper presents an analysis of how health intersects with the experience of housing insecurity and homelessness, specifically for migrant women. The authors argue that it is important to understand the specificities of the interplay of these different factors to continue the advancement of our understanding and practice as advocates for health and housing security.
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach was adopted, using a broad definition of housing insecurity: from absolute homelessness (e.g. residing rough) to invisible homelessness (e.g. couch surfing) to those at risk of homelessness. In total, 26 newcomer (foreign-born women who came to live in Canada during the previous ten years, regardless of their immigration status) women were recruited in Montreal, Canada. Participants were recruited directly through advertisements in public places and in collaboration with community organizations (women’s centers, homeless shelters, crisis centers, domestic violence shelters, immigrant settlement agencies and ethnic associations) and they self-identified as having experienced housing insecurity. Efforts were made to include a diversity of immigrant statuses as well as diversity in ethnicity, race, country of origin, family composition, sexual orientation, age and range of physical and mental ability. Women were engaged in semi-structured, open-ended interviews lasting approximately 1 h. Interviews were conducted in English or French in a location and time of participants’ choosing.
Findings
The findings are presented around three themes: how health problems instigate and maintain migrant women’s housing insecurity and homelessness; ways in which women’s immigration trajectories and legal status may influence their health experiences; and particular coping strategies that migrant women employ in efforts to maintain or manage their health. The authors conclude with implications of these findings for both policy and practice in relation to migrant women who experience or are at risk of housing insecurity and homelessness.
Intersections of women experiencing migration and housing insecurity in Canadian contexts have rarely been examined. This paper addresses a gap in the literature in terms of topic and context, but also in terms of sharing the voices of migrant women with direct experience with housing insecurity.
Penser la haine après le trauma
Bourgeois-Guérin, É., Brami, M., Rousseau, C. (2019)
Les croisements entre trauma et violence sont souvent pensés sous l’angle de la violence subie, le premier s’inscrivant dans le sillage de la seconde. Les effets de la violence se traduisent alors en symptômes, mais aussi en agir, dans des cycles de répétition traumatique où la personne traumatisée peut se remettre dans des situations de risque. Qu’ils empruntent le vocabulaire de la psychanalyse ou celui d’approches biomédicales, de nombreux écrits en psychologie mettent ainsi de l’avant le caractère déstructurant de la violence traumatique.
Protocol for a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating a Parenting With Home Visitation Programme to Prevent Physical and Emotional Abuse of Children in Indonesia: The Families First Programme
Ruiz-Casares, M., Lilley, S., Thombs, B. D., et al. (2019)
Introduction Every year, up to 1 billion children are victims of violence worldwide. Most child abuse takes place in the context of punishment. The Families First Programme, an adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Programme to the West Java context, is a parenting support programme anchored on children’s rights that gives parents guidance on child development, parenting and positive discipline practices. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the Families First Programme compared with a waitlist control group.
Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, parallel-group, stratified, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Twenty rural and urban villages in the Cianjur District, Indonesia, involving 720 caregivers of children up to 7 years of age, will be randomised. Villages will receive either a parenting programme consisting of 10 group sessions and four home visits over 3 months and standard community health and social services or just the latter. After completion of the trial period, the programme will be offered to those in the delayed group. Outcome data will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately postintervention (3 months postrandomisation) and 6 months later (9 months postrandomisation). The primary outcome will be frequency of physical and emotional punishment as measured by a weighted sum from three self-report items. Primary outcome analysis will use Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and assess the interaction between intervention and time over baseline and 3 and 9 months postrandomisation assessments. Concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess programme satisfaction and facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the programme generalisable to other settings.
Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from McGill University and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and events for decision-makers, including in the participating communities.
Lancement du Comité national d’experts sur la lutte contre la radicalisation menant à la violence
Gouvernement du Canada, le 7 février 2019 Communiqué de presse mentionnant Ghayda Hassan Lire>>
Politique sanitaire, acteurs, stratégies et contenu des interventions de lutte contre le choléra dans la Zone de santé d’Uvira en République Démocratique du Congo
Mudekereza, N., Sia, D., Lubambo, G., & Karemere, H. (2019, janvier)
Objectif
Évaluer les stratégies d’interventions dans la lutte contre le choléra à Uvira dans la perspective de les
renforcer
Matériel et méthodes.
L’étude a été évaluative recourant à des entrevues avec des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le choléra et à la revue documentaire. Elle concerne la période de 2013 à 2016. Les données quantitatives relatives aux nombres de nouveaux cas et des décès ont été analysées à l’aide d’Excel. L’analyse des données qualitatives a été faite par thème en fonction des questions de recherche et au regard de la stratégie nationale de lutte contre le choléra en RDC.
Résultats
La corrélation entre les stratégies de lutte contre le choléra mises en place par les acteurs et les stratégies nationales de lutte contre le choléra reste relativement très faible dans la zone de santé. Des inadéquations entre ces deux groupes de stratégies sont ainsi relevées au cours de l’étude. Les effets positifs des différentes interventions mises en œuvre se traduisent par la diminution du nombre des nouveaux cas de choléra de 28% entre 2014 (1839 cas) et 2015 (1316 cas) et une certaine stagnation depuis 2016 autour de 1392 cas par an. L’efficacité des interventions est perçue efficace par seulement par 25% des membres de la communauté contre 62% des agents des organisations; les effets des interventions sont estimés durables par 38% des membres de la communauté contre 68 % des agents des organisations et 34% des membres de la communauté (68% des agents des organisations) pensent que la participation communautaire est sollicitée lors des interventions de lutte contre le choléra. Par contre, la grande majorité des membres de la communauté (87%) et des agents des organisations (99%) jugent pertinentes les interventions de lutte contre le choléra au cours de l’étude. La faible implication de la communauté dans les actions de lutte contre le choléra et le caractère urgentiste des interventions sont fortement fustigés.
Conclusion
L’élimination du choléra en tant que problème de santé publique fait face à plusieurs défis dont le plus important semble être l’accès durable à plus de ressources par tous les acteurs, principalement l’État. L’implication plus visible des autorités politico-administratives est souhaitée.
Vieillissement et perte de mémoire : avis de migrants haïtiens résidant au Québec
Cloos P., Collins, S., Joubert, W., Rosenberg, E. et L. Gautier (2019)
Introduction : La « démence » est généralement vue comme un syndrome caractérisé par le déclin d’une ou de plusieurs capacités cognitives, comme la perte de mémoire. Toutefois, perte de mémoire ne signifie pas pour autant démence. La plus fréquente des démences est la maladie d’Alzheimer dont la fréquence augmente avec le grand âge. En anthropologie de la santé, les maladies et leur expression représentent des construits socio-culturels qui ne sont pas reconnus et interprétés de la même façon par tout le monde. Par ailleurs, le contexte migratoire est source de difficultés dans le domaine de la démence. Cet article vise à discuter les liens entre vieillesse, démence et recherche d’aide dans ce contexte.
Méthode : Nous nous appuyons sur une étude qualitative exploratoire. Dix entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées avec des femmes et des hommes nés en Haïti et qui ont ensuite immigré au Québec. Ces entrevues nous ont permis de discuter du statut des aînés, du sens donné à la perte de mémoire et de la recherche d’aide.
Résultats : Les entrevues révèlent une pluralité des représentations à propos des pertes de mémoire et de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Elles mettent en lumière une diversité de croyances, d’attitudes et de valeurs traduisant une variabilité culturelle et sociale au sein d’une même communauté. La prise en compte du contexte permet de comprendre tantôt la transformation, tantôt la continuité des représentations et des conduites vis-à-vis des pertes de mémoire.
Conclusion : La démence ne semble pas être un phénomène qui est abordé facilement au sein de la communauté haïtienne du Québec. Au final, cette étude révèle un manque d’information à ce propos.
Comprendre pour mieux agir la radicalisation menant à la violence chez les jeunes. Guide à l’intention du personnel scolaire
Audet, G.; Fleury, R. et C. RousseauGeneviève Audet (2019)
Refugee Maternal and Perinatal Health in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Wanigaratne, S.; Shakya, Y.; J Gagnon, A.; Cole, DC.; Rashid, M.; Blake, J.; Dastoori, P.; Moineddin, R.; , Ray, JG.; Urquia, ML. (2018)
Objectives Immigrants are thought to be healthier than their native-born counterparts, but less is known about the health of refugees or forced migrants. Previous studies often equate refugee status with immigration status or country of birth (COB) and none have compared refugee to non-refugee immigrants from the same COB. Herein, we examined whether: (1) a refugee mother experiences greater odds of adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes compared with a similar non-refugee mother from the same COB and (2) refugee and non-refugee immigrants differ from Canadian-born mothers for maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Design This is a retrospective population-based database study. We implemented two cohort designs: (1) 1:1 matching of refugees to non-refugee immigrants on COB, year and age at arrival (±5 years) and (2) an unmatched design using all data.
Setting and participants Refugee immigrant mothers (n=34 233), non-refugee immigrant mothers (n=243 439) and Canadian-born mothers (n=615 394) eligible for universal healthcare insurance who had a hospital birth in Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2014.
Primary outcomes Numerous adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes.
Results Refugees differed from non-refugee immigrants most notably for HIV, with respective rates of 0.39% and 0.20% and an adjusted OR (AOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.79). Other elevated outcomes included caesarean section (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08) and moderate preterm birth (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.17). For the majority of outcomes, refugee and non-refugee immigrants experienced similar AORs when compared with Canadian-born mothers.
Conclusions Refugee status was associated with a few adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes, but the associations were not strong except for HIV. The definition of refugee status used herein may not sensitively identify refugees at highest risk. Future research would benefit from further
Interactions Between Indigenous Women Awaiting Childbirth Away From Home and Their Southern, Non-Indigenous Health Care Providers
Vang, Z.M.; Gagnon, R.; Li, T.; Jimenez, V.; Navickas, A.; Pelletier, J.; Shenker, H. (2018)
We examine patient–provider interactions for Indigenous childbirth evacuees. Our analysis draws on in-depth interviews with 25 Inuit and First Nations women with medically high-risk pregnancies who were transferred or medevacked from northern Quebec to receive maternity care at a tertiary hospital in a southern city in the province. We supplemented the patient data with interviews from eight health care providers. Three themes related to patient–provider interactions are discussed: evacuation-related stress, hospital bureaucracy, and stereotypes. Findings show that the quality of the patient–provider interaction is contingent on individual health care providers’ ability to connect with Indigenous patients and overcome cultural and institutional barriers to communication and trust-building. The findings point to the need for further training of medical professionals in the delivery of culturally safe care and addressing bureaucratic constraints in the health care system to improve patient–provider communication and overall relationship quality.
Impact of child restraint policies on child occupant fatalities and injuries in Chile and its regions: an interrupted time-series study
Nazif-Muñoz, JI.; Nandi, A.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
Objectives
We assessed the effectiveness of the child restraint legislation (CRL) introduced in Chile in December 2005 and the National Decree enacted in February 2007, which regulated the technical characteristics of child restraint devices with the goal of reducing child occupant fatalities and severe injuries nationally and within Chile’s regions.
Methods
An interrupted time–series design was used to measure the effect of CRL and the National Decree on two dependent variables—number of child occupant deaths in traffic collisions and number of child occupants severely injured in traffic collisions per vehicle fleet from 2002 to 2014 (police data). Our analyses compared the incidence of these outcomes in the post-intervention period (2006 to 2014) with the period prior to these interventions (2002–2005) nationally and by region, controlling for several confounders.
Results
Nationally, the child restraint policies were associated with a 39.3% (95% CI: 4.7; 73.9) reduction in child occupant fatalities, but no significant decrease was observed in child severe injuries. These interventions were associated with a 75.3% (95% CI: 15.6; 135.1) reduction in the rate of child occupant fatalities in the southern regions, and a 32.9% (95% CI: 1.1; 67.0) reduction in the rate of children severely injured in the northern regions.
Conclusion
In the short term, the CRL and the National Decree were associated with fewer child occupant fatalities, at the national level and in the southern regions, and severely injured child occupants in traffic collisions in Chile’s northern regions. These results demonstrate a limited temporal and territorial impact. This suggests that to effectively protect vulnerable populations across all territories, efforts should be expanded more consistently and sustained over time.
Protecting Only White Children: The Impact of Child Restraint Legislation in Brazil
Nazif-Muñoz, JI.; Nandi, A.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018, juin)
In 2010, Brazil introduced child restraint legislation (CRL). We assessed the effectiveness of CRL in reducing child (aged 0–8 years) injuries and fatalities by race. We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time–series design. We measured the effect of CRL on two outcomes—number of child deaths and number of child injured in traffic collisions per child population, stratified by race, from 2008 to 2014. We controlled for time, unemployment rate and oil consumption (barrels/day in thousands). The CRL was associated with a 3% reduction in the rate of child injuries among whites (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99), but no reduction in child injuries among non-whites (IRR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). In the first month after the implementation of Brazil’s CRL we observed a 39% reduction in all child fatalities (IRR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44–0.84), including a 52% reduction among whites (IRR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33–0.68), but no reduction in non-white fatalities (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.55–1.37). Our results support the hypothesis that socially advantaged populations were more likely to consistently adopt and employ restraint devices following the reform. Countries should also consider complementary policies that facilitate an equitable distribution of safety devices that reach vulnerable populations.
Child supervision in low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Miconi, D.; Beeman, I.; Robert, E.; Beatson, J.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
Despite the importance of adequate supervision to child wellbeing, the academic conversation around this topic is scattered across disciplines and for this reason is difficult to follow. Researchers and decision-makers would benefit from a preliminary overview of conceptualizations, cultural variations, and facilitators and barriers to providing supervision to children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A scoping review was conducted. Two searches of the literature were run within Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Social SciencesFull Text, ERIC, SocIndex with Full Text, and Academic Search Complete. Additional papers were identified through a call to experts. Out of 2049 publications initially identified, 44 studies met our inclusion criteria, thus reflecting the scarcity of scientific evidence in LMICs. Child supervision was addressed in the literature in terms of links to psychological, health, social and academic outcomes, suggesting a multidisciplinary interest in the topic. However, a vague conceptualization of child supervision emerged across studies. Of importance, cultural and socio-economic influences interacted to shape caregivers’ vision of the family, the child, and the decision-making process regarding supervision practices. Barriers and/or facilitators to adequate child supervision were addressed only in 18 studies. There was substantial variation in how cultural influences on child supervision were taken into account across studies. Our review aims to inform and guide future research and action on child supervision practices in LMICs and calls for a more coherent and comprehensive body of literature on this matter. Programming and policy efforts should take socio-economic and cultural influences into account, as well as be tailored according to the specificities of each child, caregiver(s), and setting.
Parler aux enfants de la violence du monde, à partir de l’ouvrage « L’Enfant Gazelle » de Stéphane Martelly, illustré par Albin Christen
Koukoui, S. (2018)
Ce merveilleux conte, paru aux éditions Remue Ménage1, est un ouvrage tout en finesse à travers lequel l’auteur a le courage d’aborder une des tâches les plus délicates qu’un parent ait à faire : parler à son enfant de la violence du monde. Mais puisqu’il le faut, pour le protéger, l’auteur nous fait don de ce conte et nous accompagne avec une délicatesse et une profondeur, qui témoignent d’une réflexion mûrie et d’un grand amour des enfants. Comment aborder ce sujet sensible avec les petits sans les angoisser, ni les brimer dans leurs élans, dans leurs pulsions de vie ? Sans induire de progression traumatique, comme un fruit devenu mûr trop vite pour avoir été confronté au réel (Ferenczi, 1933) ? Pour ce faire, l’auteur use brillamment de métaphores que le lecteur de tout âge comprendra à l’aulne de son développement. Et c’est là le génie de sa méthode.
Cette puissance d’évocation est décuplée par les créations picturales qui accompagnent le texte. Il s’agit des illustrations d’Albin Christen. La première page, noire, remémore à l’enfant son milieu originel : le ventre de sa mère, lieu des premiers échanges sensoriels, d’où il recevra un premier bain de parole. Puis il y a ces forces invisibles qui jalonnent le parcours de l’enfant et qui sont illustrées de façon magistrale : des tenailles légèrement anthropomorphisées en bras, pour symboliser l’oppression ; les barrières de métal qui représentent les obstacles ; les rouages complexes qui métaphorisent l’appareillage intriqué et pervers qu’est la violence systémique.
Caring for Families Separated by Changing Immigration Policies and Enforcement: A Cultural Psychiatry Perspective
Brandon A. K.; Lu, FG.; Wu , EY.; Hinton, DE.; Krishan Aggarwal, N.; Parekh, R.; Rousseau, C.; Lewis-Fernández, R. (2018)
Recent changes in U.S. immigration policies and enforcement have precipitated a 300% rise in arrests and planned deportations. Although some family members face deportation, other family members may have state-sanctioned status. Such mixed status puts hundreds of thousands of families at risk of forced separation and associated mental health problems. Building on cross-cultural work with refugee families and other groups and on work with families separated by parental incarceration, the authors provide recommendations to guide clinicians working with families who are separated or who fear separation. Mental health problems among separated families can in part be addressed through identifying the origins of distress, elucidating family structures and roles, strengthening communication practices, linking with legal and economic resources, and facilitating decision making through distress reduction.
Les méthodes mixtes comme avenue d’amélioration de la rigueur scientifique et de l’éthique en recherche auprès de populations minoritaires et marginalisées : étude d e cas en santé mentale jeunesse transculturelle
Johnson-Lafleur, J.; Nadeau, L.; Jaimes, A.; Rousseau, C.; Pluye, P. (2018)
Les services en santé mentale jeunesse comprennent des interventions multimodales interdisciplinaires complexes et leur évaluation tire profit des méthodes mixtes, particulièrement auprès de populations caractérisées par leur diversité culturelle.
Ce chapitre présente les résultats d’une étude pilote visant à développer une méthode d’évaluation des soins en collaboration en santé mentale jeunesse à Montréal. La méthode combinait la réalisation d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de cinq triades jeune-parent-intervenant et de questionnaires mesurant la satisfaction envers les services et l’amélioration du portrait clinique.
Nous aborderons principalement les forces et les limites de la méthode mixte employée. Les points de convergence et de divergence des données quantitatives et qualitatives sont présentés et l’accent est mis sur l’importance de l’intégration des résultats.
Les résultats mixtes ont permis d’améliorer la rigueur scientifique de la recherche en complétant et en contextualisant les résultats des composantes qualitative et quantitative de l’étude, et en permettant une meilleure adéquation culturelle de la méthode utilisée.
Sur le plan éthique, nous considérons que l’approche qualitative a amélioré la prise en considération de la voix des participants, une question particulièrement importante pour des recherches sur des enjeux de santé pouvant faire l’objet de stigmatisation et menées auprès de populations culturellement minoritaires, marginalisées ou peu représentées dans la littérature scientifique. Les contributions de l’étude pilote au développement d’un devis de recherche mixte longitudinal sont également présentées.
Intervention pédagogique et diversité ethnoculturelle: théorisation de récits de pratique d’enseignantes et d’enseignants, et défis de formation
Le milieu scolaire face aux défis de l’accueil des élèves réfugiés: quels enjeux pour la gouvernance scolaire et la formation des intervenants
Papazian-Zohrabian, G.; Mamprin, C.; Lemire, V.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Hassan, G.; Rousseau, C.; Aoun, R. (2018)
Le rôle de l’école face à la radicalisation violente: risques et bénéfices d’une approche sécuritaire
Michalon-Brodeur, V.; Bourgeois-Guérin, É.; Cénat, JM.; Rousseau, C (2018)
Adaptation of an existing measure to assess professionals’ attitudes regarding the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families
Gervais, C.; Meunier, S.; deMontigny, F.; Dubeau, D. (2018)
Abstract
Introduction. Despite greater father participation in child care/rearing nowadays and the challenge of involving fathers in nursing interventions, no instrument exists to measure professional attitudes toward father involvement in family interventions. Objectives. The aim of this study was to adapt an existing measure that assesses nurse attitudes regarding the importance of including families in nursing care into a measure that assesses professionals’ attitudes towards the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families. Method. The Professionals’ Attitudes towards Father Involvement (PAFI) scale was adapted from the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurse Attitudes (FINC-NA) scale. A total of 297 professionals in family care completed the 26 items of the PAFI. Results. Items analysis indicated three items had low variability and abnormal distribution. Principal component analysis was conducted with the 23 remaining items. Results revealed a solution with four factors reproducing the structure of the original scale: Father as conversational partner, Father as resource, Father as burden, and Father as own resource. Most items loaded on their original factor. The four subscales and the global scale showed good internal consistency. Discussion and conclusion. Even though further studies are needed, this adapted scale now enables researchers and practitioners to assess professionals’ attitudes towards the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families.
Résumé
Introduction. Les pères sont de plus en plus engagés auprès de leurs enfants. Plusieurs professionnels, dont les infirmières, peinent à s’adapter à cette nouvelle réalité. Aucune échelle n’existe pour mesurer l’attitude des professionnels par rapport à l’importance d’inclure les pères dans leurs interventions. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est d’adapter une échelle qui mesure les attitudes des infirmières quant à l’importance d’inclure les familles dans leurs soins pour en faire un instrument permettant de mesurer les attitudes des professionnels envers l’importance d’inclure les pères dans leurs interventions auprès des familles. Méthodes. L’échelle Attitudes des professionnels envers l’inclusion des pères (APIP) a été adaptée à partir de l’échelle Importance des familles dans les soins infirmiers – Attitudes des infirmières. Au total, 297 professionnels ont répondu aux 26 items de l’échelle APIP. Résultats. L’analyse des items révèle que trois d’entre eux présentaient une faible variabilité et une distribution anormale. L’analyse à composantes principales a été effectuée avec les 23 items restants. Les résultats confirment quatre facteurs, reproduisant la structure de l’échelle originale : le père comme partenaire de conversation, le père comme ressource, le père comme fardeau et le père comme ayant ses propres ressources. Les quatre sous-échelles et l’échelle globale ont montré une bonne cohérence interne. Discussion et conclusion. Même si d’autres études sont nécessaires, cette échelle adaptée permet maintenant aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de mesurer les attitudes des professionnels quant à l’importance d’impliquer les pères dans leurs interventions auprès des familles.
Mental health among adolescents living with HIV in Namibia: the role of poverty, orphanhood and social support
Gentz, S.; G Calonge-Romano, I.; Martínez-Arias, R.; Zeng, C.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
The mental health needs of children and adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Namibia are poorly understood, despite the dramatic improvement in their survival. ALHIV in resource poor contexts face particular risk factors, such as poverty, orphanhood, and poor social support. This study examines the mental health of ALHIV in Namibia, and the factors that contribute to mental health problems. A case-control design assessed emotional and behavioural symptoms of distress, risk and protective factors among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Case participants were 99 HIV-positive adolescents. Case controls were 159 adolescents from the same community who were not known to be HIV seropositive at the time of the study. Control group participants were selected from schools using a stratified random sampling. A larger proportion of HIV-positive adolescents were orphaned (62.6% vs. 20.8%, p < .001); the groups showed no differences in poverty factors. HIV-positive adolescents scored lower than the control group on total perceived social support (p < .05) and caregiver support (p < .05), but no differences in perceived friend support and support from a self-selected person were present. HIV-positive adolescents reported significantly more total emotional and behavioural difficulties (p = .027) and conduct problems (p = .025), even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. However, after controlling for the effects of orphanhood, group differences in mental health outcomes were no longer significant. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested that social support completely mediated the relationship between HIV status and mental health (standardised pathway coefficients = .05, p = .021). Policies and programmes that aim to strengthen social support and take orphanhood status into consideration may improve the mental health of adolescents living with HIV.
Culture, Context and the Mental Health and Psychosocial Wellbeing of Syrians
Hassan, G.; Kirmayer, LJ.; Mekki-Berrada A.; Quosh, C.,; Chammay, R.; Deville-Stoetzel, J.B.; Youssef, A.; Jefee-Bahloul, H.; Barkeel-Oteo, A. Coutts, A.; Song, S.; Ventevogel, P. (2015)
Stories of trauma in family therapy with refugees: Supporting safe relational spaces of narration and silence
De Haene, L,; Rousseau, C,; Kevers, R.; Deruddere, N.; Rober, P. (2018)
With the sharp increase of refugees’ arrival and resettlement in western communities, adequate mental health care forms a pivotal dimension in host societies’ responses to those individuals and communities seeking protection within their borders. Here, clinical literature shows a growing interest in the development of family therapy approaches with refugees, in which therapeutic practice engages with the pivotal role of refugee family dynamics in posttrauma reconstruction and adaptation in resettlement and aims at supporting posttrauma reconstruction through strengthening capacities to restore safety, meaning and connectedness within family relationships. In this article, we focus on the narrative restoration of meaning as central mode of posttrauma reparation and explore its specific dynamics and relational complexities in the context of therapeutic practice with refugee families. Hereto, we integrate theoretical and clinical scholarly work on trauma narration and its intersection with empirical findings on trauma communication in refugee families. Furthermore, we develop case reflections to illustrate different processes of engaging with trauma narration in refugee family therapy. This analysis develops an understanding of the multivoiced ways in which refugee families engage with traumatic suffering through different modes of expression that may entail both narration and silence and explores how family therapeutic practices can engage and mobilize voices of narration and silence as relational stories of restoration.