Développer le contenu d’un outil d’aide à l’amélioration des compétences interculturelles des intervenants de la CNESST à partir d’une démarche de coconstruction
Côté, Daniel; Dubé, Jessica; Bastien, Nicolas; Gravel, Sylvie (2020, juillet)
Selon les intervenants de la Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST), presque 50 % des travailleurs touchés par une lésion professionnelle sur l’île de Montréal seraient issus de l’immigration (ou de groupes ethnoculturels) (CNESST, 2010). Il ne s’agit que d’une estimation, puisque les indicateurs ethnoculturels tels que le pays de naissance, la langue maternelle ou autres ne sont pas des données colligées par la CNESST. Dans le cadre du projet de l’IRSST intitulé Comprendre le processus de réadaptation et de retour au travail dans le contexte des relations interculturelles (Côté et al., 2017), travailleurs, employeurs, cliniciens et intervenants de la CNESST ont été interrogés au sujet des obstacles et des facilitateurs relatifs au retour au travail. Pour le volet clinicien et intervenant de la CNESST, des stratégies ont été identifiées, ainsi que des besoins en matière de développement de compétences interculturelles (CI). Selon les intervenants, l’acquisition de compétences interculturelles peut faciliter la communication interculturelle par les habiletés relationnelles, la capacité d’écoute et de compréhension. La présente recherche a pour objectif le développement du contenu d’un outil d’aide à l’amélioration des compétences interculturelles des intervenants de la CNESST à partir d’une démarche de coconstruction. Cette étude prévoit : la coconstruction d’un outil d’aide à la communication interculturelle pour les intervenants de la CNESST (objectif 1), la documentation du processus de coconstruction de l’outil d’aide à la communication interculturelle (objectif 2) et l’évaluation du développement des compétences interculturelles d’un groupe d’intervenants de la CNESST (objectif 3).Un groupe de travail, composé de dix intervenants (conseillers en réadaptation, agents d’indemnisation) et d’un animateur, un groupe de validation composé de quatorze intervenants (conseillers en réadaptation, agents d’indemnisation) ainsi qu’un comité directeur, se sont réunis sur une base régulière pendant environ dix-huit mois dans la perspective de la recherche collaborative et suivant une approche de coconstruction. Pour atteindre l’objectif général de cette recherche, plusieurs approches méthodologiques et outils de collectes de données ont été utilisés. Tout d’abord, pour répondre à l’objectif 1, a) la recherche collaborative (Desgagné, Chené et Roy, 1997) et b) la méthode des situations en contexte interculturel (Apedaile et Schill, 2008; Mutha, Allen et Welch, 2002; Van Staalduinen, Towle, Godolphin et Laing, 2003; White et Gratton, 2017). Pour répondre à l’objectif 2, c) l’observation participante lors de chacune des rencontres avec le groupe de travail et le comité directeur. Puis, pour répondre à l’objectif 3 sur le développement de la compétence interculturelle, d) l es questionnaires : Intercultural Effectiveness Scale (IES) (Portalla et Chen, 2010) et Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS) (Chen et Starosta, 2000) ont été appliqués aux intervenants et e) un groupe de discussion (avec le comité directeur
Étude Réactions. Premier rapport d’étape
Gervais, C., Côté, I., Lalande, D.Christine Gervais (2020)
L’étude Réactions a pour but de comprendre de façon longitudinale l’expérience des enfants et adolescents d’âge scolaire de la pandémie de la COVID19 ainsi que ses effets sur eux-mêmes et leurs parents. Plus précisément, il s’agit de :1) Dresser un portrait des connaissances et de la compréhension des jeunes de la pandémie de la COVID19; 2)Explorer les représentations des jeunes des conséquences positives et négatives des mesures de prévention et de protection imposées en réponse à la COVID19; 3) Identifier les facteurs qui contribuent et nuisent au bien-être des enfants, des adolescents et de leur parent en contexte de confinement et de déconfinement; 4) Décrire l’évolution du bien-être, du fonctionnement parental, du fonctionnement familial et du soutien social des familles du Québec au cours de la crise de la COVID19; 5) Générer des connaissances pouvant être mobilisées par les décideurs afin d’être mieux préparés pour soutenir les familles lors de prochaines situations de crise.
Effect of a Free Healthcare Policy on Health Services Utilisation for Non‐Malarial Febrile Illness by Children Under Five Years in Burkina Faso: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis
D. Sia; B. D. G. Dondbzanga; M. Carabali; E. Bonnet; P. R. Enok Bonong; V. Ridde (2020)
Objective
To assess the effect of a free healthcare policy for children under five years old implemented in Burkina Faso since April 2016, on the use of health care of non‐malarial febrile illnesses (NMFI).
Methods
To assess the immediate and long‐term effect of the free healthcare policy in place, we conducted an interrupted time series analysis of routinely collected data on febrile illnesses from three urban primary health centres of Ouagadougou between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2016.
Results
Of the 39 046 febrile cases reported in the study period, 17 017 NMFI were included in the study. Compared to the period before the intervention, we observed an immediate, non‐statistically significant increase of 7% in the number of NMFI (IRR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.75, 1.51). Compared to the trend that would have been expected in absence of the intervention, the results showed a small but sustained increase of 6% in the trend of monthly number of NMFI during the intervention period (IRR = 1.06; 95%CI = 1.01, 1.12).
Conclusion
Our study highlighted an increase in the uptake of healthcare services, specifically for NMFI by children under five years of age, after the implementation of a free care policy. This analysis contributes to informing decision makers on the need to strengthen the capacities of healthcare centres and to anticipate the challenges of the sustainability of this policy.
Where Sexual Orientation Has No Name: Sexual Orientation Missing Data in the Canadian Community Health Survey (2005-2014)
Brabete, Andreea C., Doray-Demers, Pascal & Bilkis Vissandjée (2020)
This study used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) (2005–2014) to analyze the relationships between sexual orientation item nonresponse and interview language, conversation language, migration status (migrant-non-migrant), cultural background, sex, age, education level, and marital status in a cross-sectional sample over 18 (n = 351,713 participants). Item nonresponse rates oscillated between 0.87% in 2007 and 1.4% in 2014. Individuals who self-declared as belonging to cultural groups such as Chinese, South Asian, South East Asian, Arab, Indigenous and Other had higher nonresponse odds compared to people who self-identified as Whites. The results showed significant higher nonresponse odds among immigrants. Women had higher nonresponse rates. The likelihood of non-answer increased with age and decreased with education. French interviews, interviews in other languages and speaking both English and French produced less nonresponse. Contrary to common beliefs, sexual orientation questions are not too controversial. Sexual orientation nonresponse is low and stable over time suggesting that research participants are willing to answer sexual orientation questions. These findings highlight that immigrants and people who self-declare as belonging to different cultural groups may interpret the sexual orientation questions differently.
The Challenge of Addressing Both Forced Labor and Sexual Exploitation
Alexandra Ricard-Guay, Jill Hanley (2020)
Internationally, human trafficking is usually defined officially as involving a range of exploitative scenarios: forced labor, sexual exploitation, illegal adoption, and organ sales are all commonly included. Each of these phenomena, while having some commonalities, also has many different characteristics. When the state or civil society tries to respond to “human trafficking,” it can be difficult to find an approach that works for all these scenarios. This chapter will discuss the strengths and weaknesses and the advantages and disadvantages of endeavoring to serve the differing populations of people affected by sexual exploitation versus labor trafficking. To substantiate our analysis, we will highlight the experiences of frontline workers by drawing on the findings of 79 interviews conducted in Canada with stakeholders and practitioners in the field. In the context of increased efforts worldwide to counteract trafficking in all its forms, with a notable growing attention to forced labor, this chapter will examine the challenges that arise from tackling diverse forms of trafficking, looking specifically at forced labor and sexual exploitation.
The Quest for Education as a Factor of Vulnerability to Child Trafficking: Reflections on “Child Rescue” From the Perspective of West African Children
Mbakogu I., Hanley J.Jill Hanley (2020)
While there is increasing attention to the perspectives of people caught up in human trafficking – attention that has helped illuminate the cloudy nature of consent and agency in situations of human trafficking – the perspectives of children are relatively absent from the debate. Western notions of childhood downplay children’s agency and decision-making. In this chapter, the results of a study that explored the perspectives of over 50 West African children “rescued” by Nigeria’s NAPTIP, a governmental agency mandated to fight human trafficking and protect its victims, are shared. One theme that emerged strongly from the children’s narratives was the centrality of their quest for education, training, and other life opportunities as a factor that led them into situations of human trafficking, a situation likely to exist in other contexts as well. The children’s desire for education was often part of what led them away from home, kept them in their situations of trafficking, and made many of them unwilling to return home after being “rescued” by NAPTIP. These findings suggest a critical need to provide for children’s educational needs if we hope to combat child trafficking, as well as the need to provide meaningful alternatives to children we purport to “rescue.”
Conducting Gender-Based Analysis of Existing Databases When Self-Reported Gender Data Are Unavailable: The Gender Index in a Working Population
Anaïs Lacasse, M. Gabrielle Pagé, Manon Choinière, Marc Dorais, Bilkis Vissandjée, Hermine Lore Nguena Nguefack, Joel Katz, Oumar Mallé Samb, Alain Vanasse & on behalf of the TORSADE Cohort Working Group (2020)
Objectifs
Dans le domaine de la recherche en santé, une attention grandissante est portée à l’importance de tenir compte à la fois du sexe et du genre. Toutefois, ceci représente un défi quand on travaille avec des données existantes qui ne contiennent pas toujours de mesure autoraportée de genre. L’objectif de cette étude était donc de développer et valider un indice composite de genre grâce aux données de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC).
Méthodologie
Basé sur la littérature et l’opinion d’experts, le GENDER Index a été développé grâce à plusieurs variables contenues dans l’ESCC et potentiellement liées au genre (ex. occupation, recevoir une pension alimentaire, nombre d’heures travaillées). Chez les travailleurs de 18 à 50 ans n’ayant pas de données manquantes sur le plan des variables sélectionnées (n = 29 470 participants), des scores de propension ont été dérivés d’un modèle de régression logistique dans lequel les variables potentiellement liées au genre ont été incorporées comme covariables et le sexe biologique a été considéré comme variable dépendante. La validité conceptuelle des scores de propension obtenus (scores du GENDER Index) a ensuite été explorée.
Résultats
Sur le plan de la distribution des scores du GENDER index selon le sexe, les deux concepts se sont avérés semblables, mais indépendants. La proportion de femmes était différente selon les différents sous-groupes formés grâce aux tertiles du GENDER index (p < 0,0001). La validité conceptuelle a aussi été examinée en mesurant les associations entre les scores du GENDER Index et différentes variables liées au genre et identifiées à priori telles que le fait de choisir certains aliments en raison d’une préoccupation pour son poids corporel (p < 0,0001), le fait que les soins à donner aux enfants soient identifiés comme principale source de stress (p = 0,0309), ou la capacité à faire face à des problèmes inattendus et difficiles (p = 0.0375).
Conclusion
Le GENDER Index pourrait être utile pour renforcer la capacité des chercheurs à effectuer une analyse fondée sur le genre dans des populations de travailleurs grâce aux données de l’ESCC.
Community Practice in a Context of Precarious Immigration Status
Hanley, Jill; Lenet, Jaime; Gal, Sigalit (2020)
As the global movement of people reaches unprecedented levels, Western governments are increasingly obsessed with border enforcement and migration management. This has resulted in the creation of complex and ever-changing immigration systems, contributing to the proliferation of new and complicated categories of migration status. Increasing numbers of migrants are finding themselves with precarious forms of immigration status and/or no status at all. People in this situation constantly live with the threat of criminalization and deportation – a situation well-documented to have serious economic, social, and health consequences for individuals and communities.
What then of community organizing and community development with people who live under the specter of such threats? Scholarship on community organizing has generally tended to overlook the needs and activism of this population and/or to imply that organizing with precarious and non-status migrants is either practically too difficult or ethically too risky. This chapter challenges the notion that precarious and non-status migrants do not or should not organize and provide insight into the particularities of social work with this community. We begin by looking at how literature describes the risks and challenges associated with organizing this population. We then review the findings of an empirical study conducted in Montreal, shedding light on the forms of individual support, community organizing, and policy advocacy that take place among precarious and non-status migrants. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of organizing with this community and on methods for maximizing their power while minimizing the risk of detention and deportation.
Regards d’enfants sur leur parcours migratoire. Résultats d’une étude basée sur l’approche centrée sur l’enfant
Christine Gervais, Isabel Côté, Kristel Tardif-Grenier, Francine deMontigny, Renée-Pier Trottier-Cyr Andréanne Pomerleau, Lori Leblanc et Andrée-Anne DesrosiersChristine Gervais (2020)
Il s’agit du résumé d’une étude mixte réalisée avec 43 enfants immigrés et réfugiés récemment installés au Québec dans le but de comprendre : 1) Comment les enfants s’adaptent à leur immigration : 2) Comment les enfants perçoivent leur immigration et quels en sont principaux enjeux selon leur point de vue.
Mineurs isolés, Mineurs migrants séparés de leurs parents: Des vies tiraillées entre enfance et marginalisation des étrangers
Bolzman,C., Jovelin, E., Montgomery, C. (2020, juin)
On les appelle mineurs non accompagnés, mineurs isolés ou encore enfants séparés. Ces dénominations différentes traduisent la difficulté à saisir la complexité et la diversité des situations qu’ils vivent, même s’ils ont en commun le fait d’être âgés de moins de 18 ans et d’avoir migré vers d’autres Etats sans un adulte qui soit responsable d’eux. Cet ouvrage interdisciplinaire réunit et synthétise onze contributions provenant de la sociologie, du droit, de l’anthropologie, de la communication, des sciences de l’éducation, de la psychologie sociale et du travail social.
Where Boys Don’t Dance, but Women Still Thrive: Using a Development Approach as a Means of Reconciling the Right to Health With the Legitimization of Cultural Practices
Demir, M., Vissandjée, B., Jacobson, D., & Einstein, G. (2020)
Building Communities in Tense Times: Fostering Connectedness Between Cultures and Generations through Community Arts
Caroline Beauregard; Joëlle Tremblay; Janie Pomerleau; Maïté Simard; Elise Bourgeois‐Guérin; Claire Lyke et Cécile Rousseau (2020)
The worldwide upsurge in social polarizations generates intercommunity tensions that challenge the social fabric of urban neighborhoods and undermine the relationships between their members. Because community arts can foster the creation of connections between people that would not have been in contact otherwise, they are often perceived as being powerful tools to foster community resilience. Through a multiple case study approach, this article describes how three community arts projects, carried out in two socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods of Montreal (Canada), influenced the social relationships between participants from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds and generations. Using participant observation and arts‐based data collection methods (photography, video, and arts productions), the authors examine how the three projects illustrate (a) the interactive processes at play, (b) the transmission and hybridization of stories and images of adversity and resiliency, and (c) the access to a collective voice.
Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada
Ridde, Valéry; Aho, Joséphine ; Ndao, Elhadji Malick; Benoit, Magalie; Hanley, Jill; Lagrange, Solène; Fillol, Amandine; Raynault, Marie-France et Patrick Cloos (2020, mai)
While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%). The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care.
Global Health Is More Than Just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’
Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie; Fregonese, Federica; Kadio, Kadidiatou; Alam, Nazmul; Merry, Lisa (2020)
- Global health can be anywhere as it often focuses on large-scale health inequities that are rooted in transnational determinants.
- Some global health initiatives and actors aim to find solutions to domestic problems.
- King and Koski’s definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings.
- An inadequate definition of global health based on a ‘here’ vs ‘somewhere else’ dichotomy could result in less funding for a field already characterised by limited resources.
- The decolonisation of global health requires promoting and valuing reflexivity, critical approaches, equitable partnerships and accountability.
Developing the Culture of Ethics in Population Health Intervention Research in Canada
Hamelin, Anne-Marie; Caux, Chantal; Désy, Michel; Guichard, Anne; Ouédraogo, Samiratou; Tremblay, Marie-Claude; Vissandjée, Bilkis; Godard, Béatrice (2020)
Population health intervention research (PHIR) is a particular field of health research that aims to generate knowledge that contributes to the sustainable improvement of population health by enabling the implementation of cross-sectoral solutions adapted to social realities. Despite the ethical issues that necessarily raise its social agenda, the ethics of PHIR is still not very formalized. Unresolved ethical challenges may limit its focus on health equity. This contribution aims to highlight some of these issues and calls on researchers to develop a culture of ethics in PHIR. Three complementary ways are proposed: to build an ethical concept specific to this field, to promote a shared space for critical reflection on PHIR ethics, and to develop the ethical competence in PHIR for which a preliminary framework is proposed.
The Grassroots Deradicalization Efforts Within Canada’s Muslim Communities
The Canadian Jewish News. Intervention de Ghayda Hassan. 30 avril 2020 Lire >>
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Programs Among Populations Affected by the Ebola Virus Disease
Jude Mary Cénat, Joana N.Mukunzi, Pari-Gole Noorishad, Cécile Rousseau, Daniel Derivois, Jacqueline Bukaka (2020, avril)
Objectives
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is associated with major mental health consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). Studies have shown a need for relevant and effective programs to address mental health consequences associated to EVD. This systematic review aimed to describe programs implemented following EVD outbreaks and to evaluate their effectiveness and relevance in order to provide evidence-based data to improve mental health services.
Methods
We first searched EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, PILOTS, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE for a systematic review on EVD and on MHPSS programs. Then, we searched the grey literature. The search generated 2827 publications. Eleven studies were retained according to the PRISMA statement.
Results
This systematic review revealed that most programs were implemented by international organizations in collaboration with local partners. Many of them were implemented following WHO mhGAP and Psychological First Aid guidelines. Programs were implemented in hospitals, Ebola treatment centres, communities among different categories of individuals exposed to EVD (survivors, health workers and volunteers, other frontline workers, children, adults, etc.). Only two of the identified programs which integrated cultural factors were empirically evaluated. Results from the evaluations showed mental health improvement for both children and adults.
Conclusions
This study provides the first systematic review on MHPSS programs among communities affected by EVD. This study shows the need to increase efforts to systematically document and evaluate the implemented programs. Results also provide preliminary evidence about the value of culturally sensitive MHPSS programs and of the implication of local mental health professionals.
The Effect of Gender Inequality on HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sia. Drissa; Nguemeleu Tchouaket, E.; Hajizadeh, M.; Karemerec, H.; Onadja, Y.; Nandie, A. (2020)
Objective
We aimed to quantify the extent to which country-level trends in HIV incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were influenced by gender inequalities, measured by gender gaps in educational attainment, income, and a Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Study design
We examined the relation between gender inequality and HIV incidence using country-level panel data from 24 SSA countries for the period between 2000 and 2016.
Methods
Our goal was to estimate the relation between within-country changes in gender inequality and HIV incidence. We compared results from fixed effects and random effects models for estimating the effect of gender inequalities on changes in HIV incidence. Based on the results of the Hausman test, the fixed effects model was selected as the preferred approach.
Results
HIV incidence decreased by nearly one-half over the period from 2000 to 2016. We estimated that a one percent increase in the GII was associated with a 1.6 percent increase in HIV incidence (95% confidence interval = [0.21%; 3.00%]), after adjusting by country-level socio-economic and governance variables.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that addressing gender inequalities is a potential strategy to reduce HIV incidence in the SSA region. To control HIV infection, policymakers and public health practitioners should support relevant interventions for promoting gender equality. Further work is needed to identify specific interventions to improve gender inequality and to examine their impacts on changes in HIV incidence.
Perceptions of the psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among the Izzi in Southeast Nigeria
Omigbodun O, Bella-Awusah T, Groleau D, et al. (2020)
Evidence about psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) remains weak and inconclusive. This article is the first of a series that deploys qualitative methods to ascertain the psychological experiences associated with FGM/C through the lifecycle of women. Using the free listing method, 103 girls and women, aged 12 to 68 years from rural and urban Izzi communities in Southeastern Nigeria, produced narratives to articulate their perceptions of FGM/C. Sixty-one of them had undergone FGM/C while 42 had not. Data was analysed using thematic analysis and the emerging themes were related to experiences and disabilities in the psychological, physical, and social health domains. While physical experiences were mostly negative, psychological experiences emerged as both positive and negative. Positive experiences such as happiness, hopefulness, and improved self-esteem were commonly described in response to a rise in social status following FGM/C and relief from the stigma of not having undergone FGM/C. Less commonly reported were negative psychological experiences, e.g., shame when not cut, anxiety in anticipation of the procedure, and regret, sadness, and anger when complications arose from FGM/C. Some participants listed disruption of daily activities, chronic pain, and sleep and sexual difficulties occurring in the aftermath of FGM/C. Most participants did not list FGM/C as having a significant effect on their daily living activities. In light of the association of FGM/C with both positive and negative psychological experiences in the Izzi community, more in-depth study is required to enable policy makers and those campaigning for its complete eradication to rethink strategies and improve interventions.
Child Neglect Indicators: a Field in Critical Need of Development Globally
Ruiz-Casares, M., Lacharité, C., & Martin, F. (2020)
Following the 6th Conference of the International Society for Child Indicators Montreal, 2017), this Special Issue was compiled to advance an interdisciplinary understanding of the complexity of conceptualizations, determinants, consequences, and measurement of child neglect around the world and to highlight the need for reforms in child protection systems. The most common type of child maltreatment with long term damaging consequences for children, families, and societies child neglect continues to receive limited scientific and public attention, particularly in resource low settings and in the field of child indicators. Lack of clarity in definition and measures, weak multi-sectoral coordination, and unclear accountability lines, are among the factors that contribute to the insufficient attention to neglect in research and action. Adopting an eco-systemic perspective of child neglect allows us to incorporate the perspectives of families and to question the role and responsibility of the State and the broader conditions within which parents operate. Sound statistical and qualitative indicators of child wellbeing in cases of neglect are urgently needed across geographic areas and over time. Combining child-centredness and attention to socio-economic, cultural, and political context issues will be important in advancing the field.
Cumulative Stigma Among Injured Immigrant Workers: A Qualitative Exploratory Study in Montreal
Côté, D., Dubé, J., Gravel, S., Gratton, D. & White, B.W. (2020)
Purpose: This paper presents the phenomenon of stigmatisation among injured immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers experiencing a long-standing disability. Stigmatisation was one of the main findings of our study, the aim of which was to gain insight into the work rehabilitation process in the context of intercultural relations in Quebec. Various categories of stakeholders took part in the study, which sought to describe their experiences and perspectives and to identify the constraints, barriers, facilitators, and specific needs they encounter in terms of intercultural competencies.
Methods: A purposive sample of 40 individuals was selected and divided into four groups: workers (N = 9), clinicians (N = 15), workers’ compensation board rehabilitation experts (N = 14), and workplace representatives (N = 2). Semi-structured interviews were conducted using the critical incident technique, combined with an “explicitation” interviewing technique. Data collection and analysis procedures were based on grounded theory.
Results: This study shows that immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers may experience stigmatisation as a cumulative process involving different concomitant parts of their “identity”: age, gender, social class, ethnicity, mental health, and occupational injuries. Cumulative stigma may aggravate personal distress and feelings of shame, rejection, and disqualification from full social acceptance. Negative anticipatory judgements made by practitioners may undermine the therapeutic relationship and breach mutual trust and confidence.
Conclusions: The phenomenon of stigmatisation is well documented in the sociological and health literature, but studies tend to focus on only one type of stigma at a time. Future research should focus on the cumulative process of stigmatisation specifically affecting immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers and its potentially damaging impact on self-concept, healthcare delivery, rehabilitation interventions, and the return to work.
Implications for rehabilitation
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The repetition of certain clinical situations with people from certain groups should not lead practitioners to undue generalizations, even if they may sometimes be accurate; these generalizations must always be verified on a case by case basis.
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Ethnicity and culture, along with other social attributions, should serve as working hypotheses or support tools in health communication, not as hindrances to clinical reasoning.
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Practitioners should deepen their understanding of the patient’s treatment expectations and the support available for rehabilitation in his family and community.
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Stigma in the context of care is linked to the idea of conforming to the proposed institutional models of care (including expected beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours). Therefore, practitioners should be aware that alleged differences, misunderstanding or disagreements can highlight an asymmetry in practitioner–patient power relationships.
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Organisations should also promote exchange and reflection on how to adapt their institutional models to avoid asymmetrical power relations.
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Intercultural training should be promoted at the various organisational levels so that managers, decision-makers, and practitioners share a common knowledge of the challenges of intervention in multi-ethnic settings.
2. Mieux comprendre l’expérience socio-identitaire des femmes ayant subi l’excision et l’infibulation dans un contexte d’immigration pour mieux soutenir les interventions cliniques et sociales.
Vissandjée, Bilkis (2020, février)
L’immigration constitue une transition ayant des répercussions considérables sur la santé et le bien-être des personnes immigrantes pouvant donner lieu à des virages dans une trajectoire de vie. Le contexte dans lequel ces expériences sont vécues requiert une sensibilité aux dynamiques, aux interactions, aux trajectoires, aux situations de vulnérabilité et aux capacités de résilience qui modulent le recours et l’accès aux services de santé ainsi qu’à la justice. Il est proposé de prendre ancrage dans les expériences des femmes avec divers angles d’analyse. Il s’agira d’illustrer par le biais de trois perspectives les risques auxquels sont exposées les femmes ayant subi l’excision et l’infibulation. Le statut identitaire, notamment une identité de victime, un détachement entre le corps et le vécu seront mis en exergue comme expériences rapportées vers le développement de pratiques sensibles à la complexité des expériences, des approches se voulant réflexives, de qualité et équitables. Des illustrations sur les divergences perçues entre des pratiques et discours professionnels, et l’expérience effective des femmes, issus des communautés de pratique contribueront aux discussions.
Sympathy for violent radicalization among college students in Quebec (Canada): The protective role of a positive future orientation
Miconi, Diana & Oulhote, Youssef & Hassan, Ghayda & Rousseau, Cécile (2020)
Objective: The present study examined whether a positive future orientation was linked to lower levels of sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) beyond the contributions of depression among a sample of college students in Quebec, Canada. In addition, we investigated whether these associations varied by gender and levels of depression. Method: A total of 1,680 college students (71% women: 74% aged between 16 and 21 years) were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were implemented to test the contributions of future orientation and depression to sympathy for VR, controlling for the relevant sociodemographic variables. Results: A positive future orientation was linked to lower sympathy for VR beyond depressive levels (β = −0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.13, −0.04]). This association was stronger among participants with higher depression scores (β = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.20, −0.01]) compared with participants with lower depression scores (β = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.16, 0.05]). The association was also modified by gender with a negative effect observed only in men (β = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.26, −0.10]). Finally, when conducting gender-stratified analyses, higher future orientation was associated with lower sympathy for radicalization among men with higher depression scores (range of estimates: −0.21 to −0.26). Conclusions: Youth who lack positive perspectives of the future may support violence. Fostering a meaningful vision of the future in youth may be a way to counter the attraction of VR. Schools and colleges are in a privileged position to implement preventive interventions to support a positive future orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
A repeated cross-sectional study of sympathy for violent radicalization in Canadian college students
Rousseau, Cécile; Miconi, Diana; Frounfelker, Rochelle; Hassan, Ghayda; Oulhote, Youssef (2020, janvier)
The upsurge in violent radicalization is associated with a global increase in social inequalities and conflicts related to different markers of identity. To date, literature on the factors associated with legitimizing violence toward others is cross-sectional and does not provide information on the possible change of this phenomenon over time. Such information is necessary to design primary prevention programs that are adapted to and address a rapidly evolving social context. We use a repeated cross-sectional study design to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and scores on the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale (SVR) in Quebec (Canada) college students at 2 times points. Results from an online survey completed by students of 6 colleges in 2015 (n = 854) and 2017 (n = 702) indicate that although overall scores on the SVR scale remained stable, there were changes in the association between age, identity, and the outcome at the two time points. Specifically, scores on the SVR were significantly higher among younger students in 2017 than in 2015. In addition, in 2017 we observed a relationship between collective identity and SVR that was not present in 2015. These results align with other recent studies in Canada and the U.S. documenting the emergence of new forms of youth politicized bullying associated with race, ethnicity, and religion. A close monitoring of the phenomenon is warranted to both better understand the impact of populist policies on the increase in hate incidents and crimes and develop programs to address these forms of violence from a public health perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Tisser des liens. Recueil de récits de pratique d’agent.e.s école-famille communauté en contexte de pandémie
Audet, G., Anna, Ghi, Jahir, Jessica, Léanne, Maclé, Majda, Maria, Mima, Nadia, Patsy et SunitaGeneviève Audet (2020)
Migration de professionnels de la santé : enjeux de reconnaissance de diplômés internationaux en médecine au Québec
Blain, MJ. et S. Fortin (2020)
Les politiques d’immigration du Québec et du Canada visent à attirer des candidats très qualifiés. Pourtant, ces migrants font face à de nombreuses barrières sur le marché du travail local. L’expérience des médecins diplômés à l’étranger ayant immigré au Québec est particulière en raison de la complexité du processus de reconnaissance professionnelle. Basé sur une recherche qualitative menée auprès de diplômés internationaux en médecine (DIM) et d’acteurs clés, cet article traite du caractère dynamique et relationnel de ce processus de reconnaissance, influencé par des rapports sociaux témoignant des relations inégalitaires entre certaines populations. Comme les trajectoires d’intégration professionnelle sont différenciées et que certains DIM semblent devoir surmonter plus d’obstacles que d’autres, nous discutons des aspects souvent invisibilisés de mécanismes qui influencent la reconnaissance sociale et professionnelle de médecins tentant de faire carrière au Québec, au-delà des qualités individuelles des DIM concernés.
Mettre des mots
Papazian-Zohrabian, G., Lemire, V et al.Garine Papazian-Zohrabian (2020)
L’école occupe une place centrale dans le développement du bienêtre psychologique des enfants traumatisés et endeuillés. Une recherche-action nous a permis d’évaluer positivement les retombées de la mise en place de groupes de parole dans les classes accueillant des élèves réfugiés.
L’Église, la femme et l’affect : récits sur la désirabilité du modèle laïc au Québec ou comment fabriquer un projet politique en contexte séculier?
Géraldine Mossière (2020)
Cet article s’appuie sur des récits de vie collectés entre 2014 et 2018 auprès d’une population de baby-boomers d’ascendance française canadienne, dont la trajectoire personnelle reflète l’histoire sociale et politique de la province. Après avoir été socialisée dans un contexte catholique, cette génération a en effet connu la phase de sécularisation, de modernisation et de diversification précipitées qui a marqué le paysage social et politique local à partir de la fin des années 1960. L’entremêlement des expériences individuelles et collectives façonne un discours particulier sur le projet laïc au Québec qui articule mémoire catholique, souci de l’égalité des genres et éthique pluraliste. En s’inspirant du modèle de laïcité ouverte et fermée proposé par Maclure et Taylor, l’autrice discute les principes moraux et modes opératoires sous-jacents ces discours.
2. Promoting Sexual Health in Women With Fgm/C: The Underlying Ethics of Care
Koukoui, Sophia (2020, février)
While a series of changes in the approaches to FGM/C health research and intervention have historically taken place, there has been an increased implementation of sexual health interventions for women with FGM/C over more than a decade. These interventions derive from health research data, but their epistemology and praxis are also informed by cultural representations of the clitoris and what it means to be ‘healthy’. This is the case, notably, for genital reconstructive surgeries, which are performed globally in spite of a lingering inconclusiveness regarding their general efficacy, Summary drawing from research in Ivory Coast and Canada, from the results of the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services- commission ED training module on FGM/C, as well as from the author’s clinical practice in mental health working with women with FGM/C, this presentation aims to illuminate the multifarious ethical underpinnings of such sexual health interventions. The overarching goal of this presentation is to share best practices in sexual health interventions in order to afford compassionate care, grounded in a reflexive and ethical professional practice.
I’m Just Asking You to Keep an Ear Out’: Parents’ and Children’s Perspectives on Caregiving and Community Support in the Context of Migration to Canada
Christina L. Klassen, Emilia Gonzalez, Richard Sullivan & Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2020)
International migration to North America continues to rise, and with it the meeting of different cultural norms surrounding child caregiving and supervision. Previous research shows that high rates of reporting of supervisory neglect involving migrant families may partly result from these different norms and challenges particular to the migrant context. In this study, five focus groups were conducted with migrant caregivers (n = 19) and children aged 12–17 years (n = 25) to explore their experiences surrounding caregiving changes in migration as well as factors that help and hinder child supervision in migrant communities in Montreal, Canada. Results following thematic analysis indicate that family roles change in migration, but that caregivers and children perceive these changes differently. Families perceive and experience discrimination and judgment of their parenting practices from community members and fear that those will be labelled neglectful. Change in families’ social support, especially at the neighbourhood level, has an important influence on caregiving practices. Results also show that parents’ preparation of children to provide care for siblings and others is often not recognised as a strength by service providers in direct contact with families. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Creative expression workshops as Psychological First Aid (PFA) for asylum-seeking children: An exploratory study in temporary shelters in Montreal
de Freitas Girardi, Julia; Miconi, Diana; Lyke, Claire; Rousseau, CécileCécile Rousseau (2019, décembre)
Background: Considering the growing number of asylum-seeking children worldwide, research
on interventions which may buffer the effects of early resettlement conditions on asylum-seeking
children’s adjustment is warranted. In Canada, creative expressive workshops for asylum-seeking
children and adolescents were implemented as a Psychological First Aid (PFA) intervention in
temporary shelters. The present exploratory study aims to describe the implementation of
these workshops to assess whether the intervention met core elements of PFA and explore its
potential in supporting the diverse needs of asylum-seeking youth in temporary shelters, adopting
a process-evaluation research approach.
Method: The intervention was evaluated via a qualitative thematic analysis of extensive field and
supervision notes and focus groups with facilitators.
Results: Preliminary results suggest that the intervention contributed to fostering emotional safety
and a sense of normalcy in children and supported the creation of connections among both children
and parents. Children’s expression of past and present experiences during the workshops was seen
as a way to promote self-efficacy in children and was reported as a potential way to provide some
comfort and hope in a time of high instability. However, the high needs of children and the lack of
resources in the temporary shelters represented significant challenges and barriers.
Conclusions: PFA using creative expression may be a promising youth mental health prevention
intervention in temporary shelters
Répertoire de ressources. Annexe aux modules de formation « Comprendre pour mieux prévenir : la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes »
RAPS-SHERPA (2019)
Ce document complète les modules de formation « Comprendre pour mieux prévenir : la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes » offerts par l’équipe RAPS du centre de recherche SHERPA, affilié à l’Institut Universitaire du CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, parfois en collaboration avec les milieux de pratique (MEES, autres CIUSSS…). Il compile des ressources de différentes natures qui peuvent soutenir parents, enseignants, intervenants dans leur accompagnement des enfants et des jeunes autour des questions parfois épineuses de la différence, de la tolérance, des identités, de la violence et du terrorisme.
L’accompagnement psychosocial en milieu scolaire. Un guide pour les professionnels
Papazian-Zohrabien, G.; Mamprin, C.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Lemire, V.; Aoun, R. et B. JoorisGarine Papazian-Zohrabian (2019)
Chez moi… Chez toi… Chez nous… – Deuxième volume – Témoignages de jeunes immigrants
Centre d'Aide aux Familles Latino-Américaines (CAFLA); des élèves de classes d’accueil en francisation de l’École secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau (2019)
Ce livre a été écrit par des élèves de classes d’accueil en francisation de l’École secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau à Montréal. Cet exercice leur a permis de mettre sur papier la diversité des sentiments et angoisses qu’ils ont vécus ou sont en train de vivre en tant qu’immigrants.
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Involving child and youth advisors in academic research about child participation: The Child and Youth Advisory Committees of the International and Canadian Child Rights Partnership
Tara M.Collins, Lucy Jamieson, Laura H.V.Wright, Irene Rizzini, Amanda Mayhew, Javita Narang, E. Kay, M.Tisdall, Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2019, novembre)
- Opening up dialogue with children and youth can add to research and support participation.
- Young people’s advisory groups contribute a valuable ethical dimension to research practice.
- Institutional ethics requirements can create challenges for ethical practice with children and youth.
- Young people and adults may have differing expectations of the role and process of advisory groups.
- Virtual communications can facilitate dialogue, but have limitations in the Global South.
Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a parenting with home visitation programme to prevent physical and emotional abuse of children in Indonesia: the Families First Programme
M. Ruiz-Casares, S. Lilley, BD Thombs, R. William Platt, S. Scott, W. Isdijoso, E. Hermanus, M. Andrina, N. Mayo (2018)
Introduction Every year, up to 1 billion children are victims of violence worldwide. Most child abuse takes place in the context of punishment. The Families First Programme, an adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Programme to the West Java context, is a parenting support programme anchored on children’s rights that gives parents guidance on child development, parenting and positive discipline practices. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the Families First Programme compared with a waitlist control group.
Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, parallel-group, stratified, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Twenty rural and urban villages in the Cianjur District, Indonesia, involving 720 caregivers of children up to 7 years of age, will be randomised. Villages will receive either a parenting programme consisting of 10 group sessions and four home visits over 3 months and standard community health and social services or just the latter. After completion of the trial period, the programme will be offered to those in the delayed group. Outcome data will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately postintervention (3 months postrandomisation) and 6 months later (9 months postrandomisation). The primary outcome will be frequency of physical and emotional punishment as measured by a weighted sum from three self-report items. Primary outcome analysis will use Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and assess the interaction between intervention and time over baseline and 3 and 9 months postrandomisation assessments. Concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess programme satisfaction and facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the programme generalisable to other settings.
Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from McGill University and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and events for decision-makers, including in the participating communities.
Promoting the wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender forced migrants in Canada: providers’ perspectives.
Kahn, S., Alessi, E,, Woolner, L.,Kim, H., Olivieri C. (2017)
Researchers are beginning to document the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) forced migrants in settlement. However, studies exploring the perceptions of service providers working with this vulnerable population are limited. These may shed light on the challenges of meeting the needs of LGBT forced migrants, especially mental health issues and problems.
This qualitative study elicited the views of 22 Canadian service providers, including advocates, lawyers and mental health practitioners, who serve LGBT forced migrants. Grounded theory analysis revealed the following four themes: facilitating safety, buffering rejection; tracking avoidance patterns; interpreting mental health; and negotiating identity paradigms.
Participants’ accounts suggest that LGBT forced migrants may be best served by providers who understand the exigencies of establishing trust and safety for their clients; recognise their clients’ nuanced social support needs; facilitate the refugee claims process; grasp the complexity of their clients’ mental health challenges; and interrogate their own cultural biases regarding sexual orientations and gender identities.
Chez toi. Chez moi. Chez nous. Témoignages de jeunes immigrants. Deuxième volume
Élèves de l’école secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau (2019)
Ce livre a été écrit par des élèves de classes d’accueil en francisation de l’École secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau à Montréal. Cet exercice leur a permis de mettre sur papier la diversité des sentiments et angoisses qu’ils ont vécus ou sont en train de vivre en tant qu’immigrants.
Partenariat et transfert de connaissances. Que retenir pour l’intervention en contexte interculturel?
IU SHERPA et équipe METISS (2019)
Ce symposium fut l’occasion de poser un regard
critique sur diverses questions autour du processus de transfert de connaissances, incluant les
notions de valorisation des savoirs, d’innovation
sociale ou technologique, de “meilleures pratiques“,
de gestion ou de mode d’intervention par données
probantes. Les réflexions sur la nature du partenariat entre l’Université, les chercheurs, les établissements et les divers acteurs impliqués dans
l’intervention furent également au cœur de cette
journée
Évaluation du Service de consultation interculturelle du Centre jeunesse de Montréal – Institut universitaire. Sa contribution à la pratique, du point de vue des intervenantes
LeBrun, A.; Hassan, G. et M. Boivin (2019)
Know your rights: What to consider before you submit to a journal and sign a copyright transfer agreement
This workshop conducted by Jessica Lange, Scholarly Communications and Repository Librarian at McGill University, will go over some of the main points to consider when submitting to a journal with regards to author rights. For example, what rights do you maintain? What can you do with your article once it’s published? Are you permitted to post it […]
Intercultural Encounters – Issues and Intervention Strategies Involving Immigrant Workers with an Occupational Injury
Côté, Daniel; Dubé, Jessica (2019, octobre)
Québec’s labour market has changed significantly in the past few years, notably with the slower growth of the labour force, an aging population, higher education levels among workers and an increasing proportion of immigrants in the workforce.
In its recent work on occupational rehabilitation, the IRSST has taken a particular interest in workers in vulnerable situations, including immigrant workers. Immigrant workers are considered a more vulnerable population due to, among other things, their proportionately higher-than-average presence in sectors characterized by less favourable working conditions and higher exposure to the risk of occupational injuries. Language and cultural barriers sometimes compound these factors.
The content of this document derives from a study titled The Notion of Ethnocultural Belonging in Rehabilitation Research and Intervention: Knowledge Summaries (published in 2012) and a study (completed in 2017) on the rehabilitation and return-to-work trajectories of immigrant workers with an occupational injury. This study highlighted the role of the health professionals and OHS practitioners involved, their intervention strategies and interactions, and the issues specific to intercultural encounters, while underscoring the impact of the organizational context on these aspects
La rencontre interculturelle − Enjeux et stratégies d’intervention auprès de travailleurs immigrants ayant subi une lésion professionnelle
Côté, Daniel; Dubé, Jessica (2019, octobre)
Pour intervenir auprès des travailleurs immigrants, les professionnels de la santé et les intervenants en santé et en sécurité du travail ont des contacts directs avec eux, soit en personne, soit par téléphone. Ces interlocuteurs étant issus d’horizons culturels variés, leurs rencontres, dites interculturelles, peuvent mettre en relief des perspectives très différentes. Or, on ne peut traiter un travailleur ayant subi une lésion professionnelle sans tenir compte d’une multitude de facteurs qui influencent ses valeurs et la représentation qu’il se fait de lui-même (identité personnelle, organisation sociale, éducation, classe sociale, genre, religion ou idéologie, etc.). Ces variables peuvent présenter d’importants écarts de représentations culturelles entre les individus et être une source de malentendus, d’incompréhension ou de désaccords qui doivent absolument être pris en considération. Pour que ces rencontres favorisent un retour réussi au travail, il importe d’encourager le développement de la compétence interculturelle des intervenants dans les organisations. Ce document a été conçu pour servir d’instrument de réflexion visant à favoriser le développement de telles compétences.
Re-thinking the “Starting Point” for Research: The Challenges and Possibilities for Building Reflexive Knowledge with and about Queer and Trans Migrants
Lee, E. O. J., & León, A. (2019, octobre)
This chapter brings to the forefront various challenges of engaging in both critical and participatory forms of knowledge building, in particular with queer and trans migrants with precarious status. Two scholars trace their previous experiences of engaging in participatory and critical research as well as their shift toward reflexive ways of knowing. This shift elicits the ways in which Critical Participatory Action Research (CPAR) may be used to build reflexive knowledge with and about queer and trans migrant communities, and in particular, LGBTQ refugees and MSM Latino migrants.
Migrant families with children in Montreal, Canada and transnational family support: a protocol for a focused ethnography
L. Merry, J. Hanley, M. Ruiz-Casares, I. Archambault, D. Mogere (2019, octobre)
There is a gap in research regarding transnational family support (emotional, practical, spiritual, informational and financial) as a resource for migrant families with children. From the perspective of migrant families and their family back home, the objectives of this study are to (1) identify the types and ways that transnational family support is provided to migrant families in Canada; (2) assess for patterns in the data that may suggest variations in the nature of this support (eg, by migration status, time in Canada, children’s ages, family circumstances) and over time and (3) explore the impact (positive and negative) in receiving and providing transnational support, respectively.
Methods and analysis:
A focused ethnography is planned. We will recruit 25–35 migrant families with children with different migration histories (eg, economic or forced migration from a mix of countries) and family circumstances (eg, single parenthood, families living with extended family, families with children in the home country) living in Montreal, Canada. Families will be recruited through community organisations. Data will be gathered via semistructured interviews. To capture the
perspective of those providing support, family members in the home country for each migrant family will also be recruited and interviewed through communication technology (eg, WhatsApp). Data collection will also involve observation of ‘transnational interactions’ between family members in Montreal and those back home. Data will be
thematically analysed and results reported in a narrative form with an in-depth description of each theme.
Ethics and dissemination :
Ethical approval was obtained from the sciences and health research ethics committee at the University of Montreal. Study results will be shared through traditional forums (publication, conference presentations) and via other knowledge dissemination/ exchange activities (eg, ‘lunch and learn conferences’ and seminars) through the research team’s research centres and networks to reach front-line care-pro.
Sur la corde raide Penser les modalités de formation en prévention de la radicalisation violente
É.Bourgeois-Guérin, C. Rousseau, G. Hassan et V. Michalon-Brodeur (2019)
La problématique de la radicalisation violente interpelle de plus en plus le champ politique qui y répond par des plans d’action consistant souvent en une multiplication de programmes, visant à la prévenir et/ou à la traiter et la mise en place de formations s’adressant aux services de sécurité ou aux acteurs du champ social. Au Québec, le gouvernement s’est doté d’un plan d’action (Gouvernement du Québec 2015) qui comprenait notamment le développement de formations sur la prévention de la radicalisation violente, destinées aux intervenants des milieux de la santé et de l’éducation, un volet qui a été confié au centre de recherche SHERPA (Montréal, Québec) par le ministère de la santé et des services sociaux ainsi que le ministère de l’éducation.
À notre connaissance, bien que la pertinence d’offrir de la formation en matière de prévention de la radicalisation violente aux acteurs des milieux de la santé et de l’éducation soit relevée par plusieurs études (Ranstorp & al. 2016, Robinson & al. 2017), peu s’attardent sur les contenus de ces formations et encore plus rares sont les écrits qui en évaluent l’impact. Les formations portant sur la prévention de la radicalisation violente sont ainsi prônées mais peu évaluées : cette faiblesse concerne la plupart des programmes de prévention de la radicalisation violente, dont l’efficacité reste à démontrer (Bossong 2012, Lum & al. 2006, Horgan & al. 2010, Ris & al. 2017).
Dans le cadre de cet article, la portée des formations menées par le centre de recherche SHERPA sera discutée. L’évaluation de ces formations, que nous décrirons ci-après, suggère que celles-ci deviennent un lieu où se jouent différents mouvements de polarisation au sein du groupe de participants autour de certains sujets. Le travail d’accompagnement du groupe par les formateurs devient alors un enjeu de premier plan pour éviter les clivages, la circulation de blâmes démobilisants et pour promouvoir un sentiment de compétence chez les participants.
D’une part, cet article décrit les processus groupaux documentés par le biais de l’observation participante. D’autre part, il examine les déclencheurs et analyse les stratégies qui permettent aux participants et aux formateurs de contenir les affects et de transformer les tensions en occasion d’apprentissage. Finalement, les résultats qualitatifs de l’observation participante servent d’amorce à une réflexion qui, en croisant les notions d’incertitude et d’angoisse, donne matière à penser aussi bien le phénomène de la radicalisation violente que celui de sa construction en objet de savoir.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Child Abuse Experiences of Sexual and Gender Minority Refugees and Asylees in the United States and Canada
EJ. Alessi, S. Kahn, S. Chatterji, and D. Manning (2019)
Research has shown that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) children are likely to experience chronic victimization and that these experiences
correlate with numerous mental health problems. However, there is little understanding of the abuse experiences of LGBT children living in countries where rights for sexual and gender minorities are limited or nonexistent. In this chapter, we explore the child abuse experiences that contribute to LGBT individuals’ decision
to flee their countries of origin in search of protection. In addition, we examine the impact of these abuse experiences on their pre-migration mental health. We conducted 26 interviews with individuals who obtained refugee or asylee status in the United States or Canada on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Participants originated from countries in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. We identified the following themes: abuse by parents and caregivers, abuse by peers and school personnel, having nowhere to turn, and dealing with psychological distress. Findings demonstrate that
participants experienced severe verbal, physical, and sexual abuse throughout childhood and adolescence and that this abuse occurred at home, in school, and in the community. Furthermore, there were no resources or sources of protection available to them. Participants linked their abuse to subjective experiences of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We provide implications for clinical practice as well as international policies that protect the well-being of children
What Roles Does Type of Sponsorship Play in Early Integration Outcomes? Syrian Refugees Resettled in Six Canadian Cities
M. Hynie, S.McGrath, J. Bridekirk, A. Oda, N. Ives, J. Hyndman, N. Arya, YB. Shakya, J.Hanley, K. McKenzie, and SyRIA.lth (2019)
There is little longitudinal research that directly compares the effectiveness of Canada’s Government-Assisted Refugee
(GAR) and Privately Sponsored Refugee (PSR) Programs that takes into account possible socio-demographic differences between them. This article reports findings from 1,921
newly arrived adult Syrian refugees in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. GARs and PSRs differed widely on several demographic characteristics, including length of time displaced. Furthermore, PSRs sponsored by Groups of 5 resembled GARs more than other PSR sponsorship types on
many of these characteristics. PSRs also had broader social networks than GARs. Sociodemographic differences and city of residence influenced integration outcomes, emphasizing the importance of considering differences between refugee groups when comparing the impact of these programs.
Il existe peu de recherches longitudinales comparant directement l’efficacité des programmes gouvernemental (RPG) et privé (PPR) de parrainage des réfugiés au Canada qui tiennent compte de possibles différences socio-démographique
entre eux. Cet article rend compte des résultats de 1921 nouveaux arrivants syriens adultes en Colombie-Britannique, en Ontario et au Québec. Les RPG et PPR diffèrent largement sur plusieurs caractéristiques démographiques, dont le temps du déplacement. De plus, les PPR parrainés par
groupes de cinq ressemblaient davantage aux RPG que les autres types de parrainage PPR sur plusieurs de ces caractéristiques. Les PPR avaient aussi des réseaux sociaux plus
larges que les RPG. Les différences sociodémographiques et la ville de résidence influent sur l’intégration, ce qui fait ressortir l’importance de tenir compte des différences entre les groupes de réfugiés dans la comparaison de l’impact de ces programmes.
Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults
Sia, D., Miszkurka, M., Batal, M., Delisle, H., Zunzunegui, MV. (2019)
Immigration status and unemployment may intersect on the health outcomes of men and women. This study aimed to identify intersections between unemployment and immigration in inflammatory, metabolic and nutritional blood markers and assess gender differences.
Methods
We used Canadian Health Measures Survey data on 2493 participants aged 18 to 65. Outcomes were chronic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and fibrinogen), nutritional (albumin and hemoglobin), and metabolic blood markers (glycosylated hemoglobin, blood glucose, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol). Multivariate linear regressions were used to assess the associations between each biomarker, unemployment and immigrant status, controlling for age, education, province, smoking, physical inactivity and body mass index and testing for multiplicative interactions between unemployment, immigrant status and gender.
Results
Unemployment was associated with higher inflammation (hsCRP and fibrinogen) in Canadian born men; Canadian born employed women showed higher hsCRP values compared with corresponding employed men. Unemployed immigrant women presented the highest values of hsCRP while employed immigrant women had the lowest hsCRP. Unemployment was associated with higher glucose; immigrant status was associated with higher glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin. Unemployed immigrants had significantly lower levels of hemoglobin and albumin than employed immigrants, and Canadian-born citizens regardless of their employment status. Some of these associations were attenuated after adjustment by body mass index, physical inactivity and smoking.
Conclusion
Blood biomarkers unveil intersections among unemployment, immigration and gender. This study provides evidence on biological pathways of unemployment on the likelihood of common chronic diseases, inflammation and potential malnutrition with some increased vulnerabilities in unemployed immigrants, and particularly in unemployed immigrant women.