Conducting Gender-Based Analysis of Existing Databases When Self-Reported Gender Data Are Unavailable: The Gender Index in a Working Population
Anaïs Lacasse, M. Gabrielle Pagé, Manon Choinière, Marc Dorais, Bilkis Vissandjée, Hermine Lore Nguena Nguefack, Joel Katz, Oumar Mallé Samb, Alain Vanasse & on behalf of the TORSADE Cohort Working Group (2020)
Objectives
Growing attention has been given to considering sex and gender in health research. However, this remains a challenge in the context of retrospective studies where self-reported gender measures are often unavailable. This study aimed to create and validate a composite gender index using data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS).
Methods
According to scientific literature and expert opinion, the GENDER Index was built using several variables available in the CCHS and deemed to be gender-related (e.g., occupation, receiving child support, number of working hours). Among workers aged 18–50 years who had no missing data for our variables of interest (n = 29,470 participants), propensity scores were derived from a logistic regression model that included gender-related variables as covariates and where biological sex served as the dependent variable. Construct validity of propensity scores (GENDER Index scores) were then examined.
Results
When looking at the distribution of the GENDER Index scores in males and females, they appeared related but partly independent. Differences in the proportion of females appeared between groups categorized according to the GENDER Index scores tertiles (p < 0.0001). Construct validity was also examined through associations between the GENDER Index scores and gender-related variables identified a priori such as choosing/avoiding certain foods because of weight concerns (p < 0.0001), caring for children as the most important thing contributing to stress (p = 0.0309), and ability to handle unexpected/difficult problems (p = 0.0375).
Conclusion
The GENDER Index could be useful to enhance the capacity of researchers using CCHS data to conduct gender-based analysis among populations of workers.
Community Practice in a Context of Precarious Immigration Status
Hanley, Jill; Lenet, Jaime; Gal, Sigalit (2020)
As the global movement of people reaches unprecedented levels, Western governments are increasingly obsessed with border enforcement and migration management. This has resulted in the creation of complex and ever-changing immigration systems, contributing to the proliferation of new and complicated categories of migration status. Increasing numbers of migrants are finding themselves with precarious forms of immigration status and/or no status at all. People in this situation constantly live with the threat of criminalization and deportation – a situation well-documented to have serious economic, social, and health consequences for individuals and communities.
What then of community organizing and community development with people who live under the specter of such threats? Scholarship on community organizing has generally tended to overlook the needs and activism of this population and/or to imply that organizing with precarious and non-status migrants is either practically too difficult or ethically too risky. This chapter challenges the notion that precarious and non-status migrants do not or should not organize and provide insight into the particularities of social work with this community. We begin by looking at how literature describes the risks and challenges associated with organizing this population. We then review the findings of an empirical study conducted in Montreal, shedding light on the forms of individual support, community organizing, and policy advocacy that take place among precarious and non-status migrants. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of organizing with this community and on methods for maximizing their power while minimizing the risk of detention and deportation.
Regards d’enfants sur leur parcours migratoire. Résultats d’une étude basée sur l’approche centrée sur l’enfant
Christine Gervais, Isabel Côté, Kristel Tardif-Grenier, Francine deMontigny, Renée-Pier Trottier-Cyr Andréanne Pomerleau, Lori Leblanc et Andrée-Anne DesrosiersChristine Gervais (2020)
Il s’agit du résumé d’une étude mixte réalisée avec 43 enfants immigrés et réfugiés récemment installés au Québec dans le but de comprendre : 1) Comment les enfants s’adaptent à leur immigration : 2) Comment les enfants perçoivent leur immigration et quels en sont principaux enjeux selon leur point de vue.
Cumulative Stigma Among Injured Immigrant Workers: A Qualitative Exploratory Study in Montreal
Côté, D., Dubé, J., Gravel, S., Gratton, D. & White, B.W. (2020)
Purpose: This paper presents the phenomenon of stigmatisation among injured immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers experiencing a long-standing disability. Stigmatisation was one of the main findings of our study, the aim of which was to gain insight into the work rehabilitation process in the context of intercultural relations in Quebec. Various categories of stakeholders took part in the study, which sought to describe their experiences and perspectives and to identify the constraints, barriers, facilitators, and specific needs they encounter in terms of intercultural competencies.
Methods: A purposive sample of 40 individuals was selected and divided into four groups: workers (N = 9), clinicians (N = 15), workers’ compensation board rehabilitation experts (N = 14), and workplace representatives (N = 2). Semi-structured interviews were conducted using the critical incident technique, combined with an “explicitation” interviewing technique. Data collection and analysis procedures were based on grounded theory.
Results: This study shows that immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers may experience stigmatisation as a cumulative process involving different concomitant parts of their “identity”: age, gender, social class, ethnicity, mental health, and occupational injuries. Cumulative stigma may aggravate personal distress and feelings of shame, rejection, and disqualification from full social acceptance. Negative anticipatory judgements made by practitioners may undermine the therapeutic relationship and breach mutual trust and confidence.
Conclusions: The phenomenon of stigmatisation is well documented in the sociological and health literature, but studies tend to focus on only one type of stigma at a time. Future research should focus on the cumulative process of stigmatisation specifically affecting immigrant and ethnocultural minority workers and its potentially damaging impact on self-concept, healthcare delivery, rehabilitation interventions, and the return to work.
Implications for rehabilitation
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The repetition of certain clinical situations with people from certain groups should not lead practitioners to undue generalizations, even if they may sometimes be accurate; these generalizations must always be verified on a case by case basis.
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Ethnicity and culture, along with other social attributions, should serve as working hypotheses or support tools in health communication, not as hindrances to clinical reasoning.
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Practitioners should deepen their understanding of the patient’s treatment expectations and the support available for rehabilitation in his family and community.
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Stigma in the context of care is linked to the idea of conforming to the proposed institutional models of care (including expected beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours). Therefore, practitioners should be aware that alleged differences, misunderstanding or disagreements can highlight an asymmetry in practitioner–patient power relationships.
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Organisations should also promote exchange and reflection on how to adapt their institutional models to avoid asymmetrical power relations.
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Intercultural training should be promoted at the various organisational levels so that managers, decision-makers, and practitioners share a common knowledge of the challenges of intervention in multi-ethnic settings.
Mineurs isolés, Mineurs migrants séparés de leurs parents: Des vies tiraillées entre enfance et marginalisation des étrangers
Bolzman,C., Jovelin, E., Montgomery, C. (2020, juin)
On les appelle mineurs non accompagnés, mineurs isolés ou encore enfants séparés. Ces dénominations différentes traduisent la difficulté à saisir la complexité et la diversité des situations qu’ils vivent, même s’ils ont en commun le fait d’être âgés de moins de 18 ans et d’avoir migré vers d’autres Etats sans un adulte qui soit responsable d’eux. Cet ouvrage interdisciplinaire réunit et synthétise onze contributions provenant de la sociologie, du droit, de l’anthropologie, de la communication, des sciences de l’éducation, de la psychologie sociale et du travail social.
SHERPA
SHERPA University Institute The SHERPA University Institute is a research infrastructure funded by the Fonds de recherche du Québec Société et Culture – the Quebec Society and Culture Research Fund – and by the Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux (MSSS) – Ministry of Health and Social Services. Its research activities and mobilization […]
Sympathy for violent radicalization among college students in Quebec (Canada): The protective role of a positive future orientation
Miconi, Diana & Oulhote, Youssef & Hassan, Ghayda & Rousseau, Cécile (2020)
Objective: The present study examined whether a positive future orientation was linked to lower levels of sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) beyond the contributions of depression among a sample of college students in Quebec, Canada. In addition, we investigated whether these associations varied by gender and levels of depression. Method: A total of 1,680 college students (71% women: 74% aged between 16 and 21 years) were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were implemented to test the contributions of future orientation and depression to sympathy for VR, controlling for the relevant sociodemographic variables. Results: A positive future orientation was linked to lower sympathy for VR beyond depressive levels (β = −0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.13, −0.04]). This association was stronger among participants with higher depression scores (β = −0.11, 95% CI [−0.20, −0.01]) compared with participants with lower depression scores (β = −0.05, 95% CI [−0.16, 0.05]). The association was also modified by gender with a negative effect observed only in men (β = −0.18, 95% CI [−0.26, −0.10]). Finally, when conducting gender-stratified analyses, higher future orientation was associated with lower sympathy for radicalization among men with higher depression scores (range of estimates: −0.21 to −0.26). Conclusions: Youth who lack positive perspectives of the future may support violence. Fostering a meaningful vision of the future in youth may be a way to counter the attraction of VR. Schools and colleges are in a privileged position to implement preventive interventions to support a positive future orientation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Unmet healthcare needs among migrants without medical insurance in Montreal, Canada
Ridde, Valéry; Aho, Joséphine ; Ndao, Elhadji Malick; Benoit, Magalie; Hanley, Jill; Lagrange, Solène; Fillol, Amandine; Raynault, Marie-France et Patrick Cloos (2020, mai)
While access to healthcare for permanent residents in Canada is well known, this is not the case for migrants without healthcare coverage. This is the first large-scale study that examines the unmet healthcare needs of migrants without healthcare coverage in Montreal. 806 participants were recruited: 436 in the community and 370 at the NGO clinic. Proportions of individuals reporting unmet healthcare needs were similar (68.4% vs. 69.8%). The main reason invoked for these unmet needs was lacking money (80.6%). Situations of not working or studying, not having had enough food in the past 12 months, not having a medical prescription to get medication and having had a workplace injury were all significantly associated with higher odds of having unmet healthcare needs. Unmet healthcare needs were more frequent among migrants without healthcare coverage than among recent immigrants or the citizens with health healthcare coverage (69%, 26%, 16%). Canada must take measures to enable these individuals to have access to healthcare according to their needs in order to reduce the risk of worsening their health status, something that may have an impact on the healthcare system and population health. The Government of Quebec announced that all individuals without any healthcare coverage will have access to COVID-19 related health care. We hope that this right, the application of which is not yet obvious, can continue after the pandemic for all health care.
Where Boys Don’t Dance, but Women Still Thrive: Using a Development Approach as a Means of Reconciling the Right to Health With the Legitimization of Cultural Practices
Demir, M., Vissandjée, B., Jacobson, D., & Einstein, G. (2020)
Building Communities in Tense Times: Fostering Connectedness Between Cultures and Generations through Community Arts
Caroline Beauregard; Joëlle Tremblay; Janie Pomerleau; Maïté Simard; Elise Bourgeois‐Guérin; Claire Lyke et Cécile Rousseau (2020)
The worldwide upsurge in social polarizations generates intercommunity tensions that challenge the social fabric of urban neighborhoods and undermine the relationships between their members. Because community arts can foster the creation of connections between people that would not have been in contact otherwise, they are often perceived as being powerful tools to foster community resilience. Through a multiple case study approach, this article describes how three community arts projects, carried out in two socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods of Montreal (Canada), influenced the social relationships between participants from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds and generations. Using participant observation and arts‐based data collection methods (photography, video, and arts productions), the authors examine how the three projects illustrate (a) the interactive processes at play, (b) the transmission and hybridization of stories and images of adversity and resiliency, and (c) the access to a collective voice.
Global Health Is More Than Just ‘Public Health Somewhere Else’
Turcotte-Tremblay, Anne-Marie; Fregonese, Federica; Kadio, Kadidiatou; Alam, Nazmul; Merry, Lisa (2020)
- Global health can be anywhere as it often focuses on large-scale health inequities that are rooted in transnational determinants.
- Some global health initiatives and actors aim to find solutions to domestic problems.
- King and Koski’s definition of global health may exacerbate inequities by reserving the right to call oneself a global health researcher to those who are privileged and have access to funding that enables them to travel to other settings.
- An inadequate definition of global health based on a ‘here’ vs ‘somewhere else’ dichotomy could result in less funding for a field already characterised by limited resources.
- The decolonisation of global health requires promoting and valuing reflexivity, critical approaches, equitable partnerships and accountability.
Developing the Culture of Ethics in Population Health Intervention Research in Canada
Hamelin, Anne-Marie; Caux, Chantal; Désy, Michel; Guichard, Anne; Ouédraogo, Samiratou; Tremblay, Marie-Claude; Vissandjée, Bilkis; Godard, Béatrice (2020)
Population health intervention research (PHIR) is a particular field of health research that aims to generate knowledge that contributes to the sustainable improvement of population health by enabling the implementation of cross-sectoral solutions adapted to social realities. Despite the ethical issues that necessarily raise its social agenda, the ethics of PHIR is still not very formalized. Unresolved ethical challenges may limit its focus on health equity. This contribution aims to highlight some of these issues and calls on researchers to develop a culture of ethics in PHIR. Three complementary ways are proposed: to build an ethical concept specific to this field, to promote a shared space for critical reflection on PHIR ethics, and to develop the ethical competence in PHIR for which a preliminary framework is proposed.
The Grassroots Deradicalization Efforts Within Canada’s Muslim Communities
The Canadian Jewish News. With Ghayda Hassan. April 30 2020 Read >>
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Programs Among Populations Affected by the Ebola Virus Disease
Jude Mary Cénat, Joana N.Mukunzi, Pari-Gole Noorishad, Cécile Rousseau, Daniel Derivois, Jacqueline Bukaka (2020, avril)
Objectives
The Ebola virus disease (EVD) is associated with major mental health consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety, PTSD). Studies have shown a need for relevant and effective programs to address mental health consequences associated to EVD. This systematic review aimed to describe programs implemented following EVD outbreaks and to evaluate their effectiveness and relevance in order to provide evidence-based data to improve mental health services.
Methods
We first searched EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, PILOTS, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE for a systematic review on EVD and on MHPSS programs. Then, we searched the grey literature. The search generated 2827 publications. Eleven studies were retained according to the PRISMA statement.
Results
This systematic review revealed that most programs were implemented by international organizations in collaboration with local partners. Many of them were implemented following WHO mhGAP and Psychological First Aid guidelines. Programs were implemented in hospitals, Ebola treatment centres, communities among different categories of individuals exposed to EVD (survivors, health workers and volunteers, other frontline workers, children, adults, etc.). Only two of the identified programs which integrated cultural factors were empirically evaluated. Results from the evaluations showed mental health improvement for both children and adults.
Conclusions
This study provides the first systematic review on MHPSS programs among communities affected by EVD. This study shows the need to increase efforts to systematically document and evaluate the implemented programs. Results also provide preliminary evidence about the value of culturally sensitive MHPSS programs and of the implication of local mental health professionals.
The Effect of Gender Inequality on HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Sia. Drissa; Nguemeleu Tchouaket, E.; Hajizadeh, M.; Karemerec, H.; Onadja, Y.; Nandie, A. (2020)
Objective
We aimed to quantify the extent to which country-level trends in HIV incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) were influenced by gender inequalities, measured by gender gaps in educational attainment, income, and a Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Study design
We examined the relation between gender inequality and HIV incidence using country-level panel data from 24 SSA countries for the period between 2000 and 2016.
Methods
Our goal was to estimate the relation between within-country changes in gender inequality and HIV incidence. We compared results from fixed effects and random effects models for estimating the effect of gender inequalities on changes in HIV incidence. Based on the results of the Hausman test, the fixed effects model was selected as the preferred approach.
Results
HIV incidence decreased by nearly one-half over the period from 2000 to 2016. We estimated that a one percent increase in the GII was associated with a 1.6 percent increase in HIV incidence (95% confidence interval = [0.21%; 3.00%]), after adjusting by country-level socio-economic and governance variables.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that addressing gender inequalities is a potential strategy to reduce HIV incidence in the SSA region. To control HIV infection, policymakers and public health practitioners should support relevant interventions for promoting gender equality. Further work is needed to identify specific interventions to improve gender inequality and to examine their impacts on changes in HIV incidence.
Perceptions of the psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) among the Izzi in Southeast Nigeria
Omigbodun O, Bella-Awusah T, Groleau D, et al. (2020)
Evidence about psychological experiences surrounding female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) remains weak and inconclusive. This article is the first of a series that deploys qualitative methods to ascertain the psychological experiences associated with FGM/C through the lifecycle of women. Using the free listing method, 103 girls and women, aged 12 to 68 years from rural and urban Izzi communities in Southeastern Nigeria, produced narratives to articulate their perceptions of FGM/C. Sixty-one of them had undergone FGM/C while 42 had not. Data was analysed using thematic analysis and the emerging themes were related to experiences and disabilities in the psychological, physical, and social health domains. While physical experiences were mostly negative, psychological experiences emerged as both positive and negative. Positive experiences such as happiness, hopefulness, and improved self-esteem were commonly described in response to a rise in social status following FGM/C and relief from the stigma of not having undergone FGM/C. Less commonly reported were negative psychological experiences, e.g., shame when not cut, anxiety in anticipation of the procedure, and regret, sadness, and anger when complications arose from FGM/C. Some participants listed disruption of daily activities, chronic pain, and sleep and sexual difficulties occurring in the aftermath of FGM/C. Most participants did not list FGM/C as having a significant effect on their daily living activities. In light of the association of FGM/C with both positive and negative psychological experiences in the Izzi community, more in-depth study is required to enable policy makers and those campaigning for its complete eradication to rethink strategies and improve interventions.
Child Neglect Indicators: a Field in Critical Need of Development Globally
Ruiz-Casares, M., Lacharité, C., & Martin, F. (2020)
Following the 6th Conference of the International Society for Child Indicators Montreal, 2017), this Special Issue was compiled to advance an interdisciplinary understanding of the complexity of conceptualizations, determinants, consequences, and measurement of child neglect around the world and to highlight the need for reforms in child protection systems. The most common type of child maltreatment with long term damaging consequences for children, families, and societies child neglect continues to receive limited scientific and public attention, particularly in resource low settings and in the field of child indicators. Lack of clarity in definition and measures, weak multi-sectoral coordination, and unclear accountability lines, are among the factors that contribute to the insufficient attention to neglect in research and action. Adopting an eco-systemic perspective of child neglect allows us to incorporate the perspectives of families and to question the role and responsibility of the State and the broader conditions within which parents operate. Sound statistical and qualitative indicators of child wellbeing in cases of neglect are urgently needed across geographic areas and over time. Combining child-centredness and attention to socio-economic, cultural, and political context issues will be important in advancing the field.
2. Mieux comprendre l’expérience socio-identitaire des femmes ayant subi l’excision et l’infibulation dans un contexte d’immigration pour mieux soutenir les interventions cliniques et sociales.
Vissandjée, Bilkis (2020, février)
L’immigration constitue une transition ayant des répercussions considérables sur la santé et le bien-être des personnes immigrantes pouvant donner lieu à des virages dans une trajectoire de vie. Le contexte dans lequel ces expériences sont vécues requiert une sensibilité aux dynamiques, aux interactions, aux trajectoires, aux situations de vulnérabilité et aux capacités de résilience qui modulent le recours et l’accès aux services de santé ainsi qu’à la justice. Il est proposé de prendre ancrage dans les expériences des femmes avec divers angles d’analyse. Il s’agira d’illustrer par le biais de trois perspectives les risques auxquels sont exposées les femmes ayant subi l’excision et l’infibulation. Le statut identitaire, notamment une identité de victime, un détachement entre le corps et le vécu seront mis en exergue comme expériences rapportées vers le développement de pratiques sensibles à la complexité des expériences, des approches se voulant réflexives, de qualité et équitables. Des illustrations sur les divergences perçues entre des pratiques et discours professionnels, et l’expérience effective des femmes, issus des communautés de pratique contribueront aux discussions.
Tisser des liens. Recueil de récits de pratique d’agent.e.s école-famille communauté en contexte de pandémie
Audet, G., Anna, Ghi, Jahir, Jessica, Léanne, Maclé, Majda, Maria, Mima, Nadia , Patsy et SunitaGeneviève Audet (2020)
Migration de professionnels de la santé : enjeux de reconnaissance de diplômés internationaux en médecine au Québec
Blain, MJ. et S. Fortin (2020)
Quebec and Canada’s immigration policies aim to attract highly skilled candidates. Yet these migrants face multiple barriers in the labour market. International medical graduates (IMGs) encounter a complex process by which their skills are recognized (or not). Based on a qualitative research with IMGs and key figures in this knowledge & professional skills area, this article discusses the dynamic and relational nature of the recognition process, influenced by social relationships highlighting unequal relations between certain populations. Seeking to understand why some IMGs experience more obstacles than others, beyond factors related to personal characteristics, this article explores how subjective or invisibilized mechanisms at play colour the social and professional recognition of physicians whose aim is to practise medicine in Quebec.
A repeated cross-sectional study of sympathy for violent radicalization in Canadian college students
Rousseau, Cécile; Miconi, Diana; Frounfelker, Rochelle; Hassan, Ghayda; Oulhote, Youssef (2020, janvier)
The upsurge in violent radicalization is associated with a global increase in social inequalities and conflicts related to different markers of identity. To date, literature on the factors associated with legitimizing violence toward others is cross-sectional and does not provide information on the possible change of this phenomenon over time. Such information is necessary to design primary prevention programs that are adapted to and address a rapidly evolving social context. We use a repeated cross-sectional study design to explore the association between sociodemographic characteristics and scores on the Sympathy for Violent Radicalization Scale (SVR) in Quebec (Canada) college students at 2 times points. Results from an online survey completed by students of 6 colleges in 2015 (n = 854) and 2017 (n = 702) indicate that although overall scores on the SVR scale remained stable, there were changes in the association between age, identity, and the outcome at the two time points. Specifically, scores on the SVR were significantly higher among younger students in 2017 than in 2015. In addition, in 2017 we observed a relationship between collective identity and SVR that was not present in 2015. These results align with other recent studies in Canada and the U.S. documenting the emergence of new forms of youth politicized bullying associated with race, ethnicity, and religion. A close monitoring of the phenomenon is warranted to both better understand the impact of populist policies on the increase in hate incidents and crimes and develop programs to address these forms of violence from a public health perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Mettre des mots
Papazian-Zohrabian, G., Lemire, V et al.Garine Papazian-Zohrabian (2020)
L’école occupe une place centrale dans le développement du bienêtre psychologique des enfants traumatisés et endeuillés. Une recherche-action nous a permis d’évaluer positivement les retombées de la mise en place de groupes de parole dans les classes accueillant des élèves réfugiés.
L’Église, la femme et l’affect : récits sur la désirabilité du modèle laïc au Québec ou comment fabriquer un projet politique en contexte séculier?
Géraldine Mossière (2020)
This article is based on life stories collected between 2014 and 2018 among a population of baby boomers of French Canadian descent, whose personal path echoes the social and political history of the province. Following their socialization in a Catholic context, this generation has known a rapid phase of secularization, modernization and diversification that, since the end of the 1960s, have impacted the local social and political landscape of the province. The entanglement between individual and collective experiences shapes a particular rhetoric on the « laïc » (secularist) project in Quebec that hinges on memories of Catholicism, concern for gender equity and pluralist ethics. Drawing on Maclure and Taylor’s model of open and closed secularism, the author discuss the means and ends of the moral principles underlying baby boomers’ narratives.
2. Promoting Sexual Health in Women With Fgm/C: The Underlying Ethics of Care
Koukoui, Sophia (2020, février)
While a series of changes in the approaches to FGM/C health research and intervention have historically taken place, there has been an increased implementation of sexual health interventions for women with FGM/C over more than a decade. These interventions derive from health research data, but their epistemology and praxis are also informed by cultural representations of the clitoris and what it means to be ‘healthy’. This is the case, notably, for genital reconstructive surgeries, which are performed globally in spite of a lingering inconclusiveness regarding their general efficacy, Summary drawing from research in Ivory Coast and Canada, from the results of the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services- commission ED training module on FGM/C, as well as from the author’s clinical practice in mental health working with women with FGM/C, this presentation aims to illuminate the multifarious ethical underpinnings of such sexual health interventions. The overarching goal of this presentation is to share best practices in sexual health interventions in order to afford compassionate care, grounded in a reflexive and ethical professional practice.
I’m Just Asking You to Keep an Ear Out’: Parents’ and Children’s Perspectives on Caregiving and Community Support in the Context of Migration to Canada
Christina L. Klassen, Emilia Gonzalez, Richard Sullivan & Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2020)
International migration to North America continues to rise, and with it the meeting of different cultural norms surrounding child caregiving and supervision. Previous research shows that high rates of reporting of supervisory neglect involving migrant families may partly result from these different norms and challenges particular to the migrant context. In this study, five focus groups were conducted with migrant caregivers (n = 19) and children aged 12–17 years (n = 25) to explore their experiences surrounding caregiving changes in migration as well as factors that help and hinder child supervision in migrant communities in Montreal, Canada. Results following thematic analysis indicate that family roles change in migration, but that caregivers and children perceive these changes differently. Families perceive and experience discrimination and judgment of their parenting practices from community members and fear that those will be labelled neglectful. Change in families’ social support, especially at the neighbourhood level, has an important influence on caregiving practices. Results also show that parents’ preparation of children to provide care for siblings and others is often not recognised as a strength by service providers in direct contact with families. Directions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Creative expression workshops as Psychological First Aid (PFA) for asylum-seeking children: An exploratory study in temporary shelters in Montreal
de Freitas Girardi, Julia; Miconi, Diana; Lyke, Claire; Rousseau, CécileCécile Rousseau (2019, décembre)
Background: Considering the growing number of asylum-seeking children worldwide, research
on interventions which may buffer the effects of early resettlement conditions on asylum-seeking
children’s adjustment is warranted. In Canada, creative expressive workshops for asylum-seeking
children and adolescents were implemented as a Psychological First Aid (PFA) intervention in
temporary shelters. The present exploratory study aims to describe the implementation of
these workshops to assess whether the intervention met core elements of PFA and explore its
potential in supporting the diverse needs of asylum-seeking youth in temporary shelters, adopting
a process-evaluation research approach.
Method: The intervention was evaluated via a qualitative thematic analysis of extensive field and
supervision notes and focus groups with facilitators.
Results: Preliminary results suggest that the intervention contributed to fostering emotional safety
and a sense of normalcy in children and supported the creation of connections among both children
and parents. Children’s expression of past and present experiences during the workshops was seen
as a way to promote self-efficacy in children and was reported as a potential way to provide some
comfort and hope in a time of high instability. However, the high needs of children and the lack of
resources in the temporary shelters represented significant challenges and barriers.
Conclusions: PFA using creative expression may be a promising youth mental health prevention
intervention in temporary shelters
Répertoire de ressources. Annexe aux modules de formation “Comprendre pour mieux prévenir : la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes”
RAPS-SHERPA (2019)
Ce document complète les modules de formation « Comprendre pour mieux prévenir : la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes » offerts par l’équipe RAPS du centre de recherche SHERPA, affilié à l’Institut Universitaire du CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, parfois en collaboration avec les milieux de pratique (MEES, autres CIUSSS…). Il compile des ressources de différentes natures qui peuvent soutenir parents, enseignants, intervenants dans leur accompagnement des enfants et des jeunes autour des questions parfois épineuses de la différence, de la tolérance, des identités, de la violence et du terrorisme.
L’accompagnement psychosocial en milieu scolaire. Un guide pour les professionnels
Papazian-Zohrabien, G.; Mamprin, C.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Lemire, V.; Aoun, R. et B. JoorisGarine Papazian-Zohrabian (2019)
Chez moi… Chez toi… Chez nous… – Deuxième volume – Témoignages de jeunes immigrants
Centre d'Aide aux Familles Latino-Américaines (CAFLA); des élèves de classes d’accueil en francisation de l’École secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau (2019)
Ce livre a été écrit par des élèves de classes d’accueil en francisation de l’École secondaire Louis-Joseph-Papineau à Montréal. Cet exercice leur a permis de mettre sur papier la diversité des sentiments et angoisses qu’ils ont vécus ou sont en train de vivre en tant qu’immigrants.
Involving Child and Youth Advisors in Academic Research About Child Participation: The Child and Youth Advisory Committees of the International and Canadian Child Rights Partnership
Tara M.Collins, Lucy Jamieson, Laura H.V.Wright, Irene Rizzini, Amanda Mayhew, Javita Narang, E. Kay, M.Tisdall, Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2019, novembre)
- Opening up dialogue with children and youth can add to research and support participation.
- Young people’s advisory groups contribute a valuable ethical dimension to research practice.
- Institutional ethics requirements can create challenges for ethical practice with children and youth.
- Young people and adults may have differing expectations of the role and process of advisory groups.
- Virtual communications can facilitate dialogue, but have limitations in the Global South.
Regard sur des enjeux rencontrés par les pères immigrants au Québec
F.de Montigny, N. Brodeur , C. Gervais, D. Pangop et A. Ndengeyingoma (2015)
Malgré le nombre important d’immigrants de sexe masculin accueillis au Québec chaque année, il existe peu d’études québécoises portant sur les enjeux rencontrés par les pères immigrants ou sur les services qui leur sont offerts. Depuis dix ans, certains travaux ont tenté de combler cette lacune. Parmi eux, l’un porte sur un programme de soutien aux pères immigrants offert par un organisme montréalais d’accueil et d’intégration des nouveaux arrivants, un autre sur la relation père-enfant, la relation conjugale, l’identité paternelle et l’exercice de la discipline, avec une attention particulière accordée à la période périnatale.
Cet article propose une synthèse de ces travaux, inspirée par le modèle bioécologique du développement humain, avec comme objectif de faire ressortir les convergences à propos des enjeux auxquels font face les pères immigrants dans leurs relations avec leur enfant, leur conjointe et leur travail, puis de dégager quelques pistes pour l’amélioration des services offerts dans les milieux institutionnels et communautaires.
Partenariat et transfert de connaissances. Que retenir pour l’intervention en contexte interculturel?
IU SHERPA et équipe METISS (2019)
Ce symposium fut l’occasion de poser un regard
critique sur diverses questions autour du processus de transfert de connaissances, incluant les
notions de valorisation des savoirs, d’innovation
sociale ou technologique, de “meilleures pratiques“,
de gestion ou de mode d’intervention par données
probantes. Les réflexions sur la nature du partenariat entre l’Université, les chercheurs, les établissements et les divers acteurs impliqués dans
l’intervention furent également au cœur de cette
journée
Know your rights: What to consider before you submit to a journal and sign a copyright transfer agreement
This workshop conducted by Jessica Lange, Scholarly Communications and Repository Librarian at McGill University, will go over some of the main points to consider when submitting to a journal with regards to author rights. For example, what rights do you maintain? What can you do with your article once it’s published? Are you permitted to post it […]
Migrant families with children in Montreal, Canada and transnational family support: a protocol for a focused ethnography
L. Merry, J. Hanley, M. Ruiz-Casares, I. Archambault, D. Mogere (2019, octobre)
There is a gap in research regarding transnational family support (emotional, practical, spiritual, informational and financial) as a resource for migrant families with children. From the perspective of migrant families and their family back home, the objectives of this study are to (1) identify the types and ways that transnational family support is provided to migrant families in Canada; (2) assess for patterns in the data that may suggest variations in the nature of this support (eg, by migration status, time in Canada, children’s ages, family circumstances) and over time and (3) explore the impact (positive and negative) in receiving and providing transnational support, respectively.
Methods and analysis:
A focused ethnography is planned. We will recruit 25–35 migrant families with children with different migration histories (eg, economic or forced migration from a mix of countries) and family circumstances (eg, single parenthood, families living with extended family, families with children in the home country) living in Montreal, Canada. Families will be recruited through community organisations. Data will be gathered via semistructured interviews. To capture the
perspective of those providing support, family members in the home country for each migrant family will also be recruited and interviewed through communication technology (eg, WhatsApp). Data collection will also involve observation of ‘transnational interactions’ between family members in Montreal and those back home. Data will be
thematically analysed and results reported in a narrative form with an in-depth description of each theme.
Ethics and dissemination :
Ethical approval was obtained from the sciences and health research ethics committee at the University of Montreal. Study results will be shared through traditional forums (publication, conference presentations) and via other knowledge dissemination/ exchange activities (eg, ‘lunch and learn conferences’ and seminars) through the research team’s research centres and networks to reach front-line care-pro.
Perspectives of Migrant Youth, Parents and Clinicians on Community-based Mental Health Services: Negotiating Safe Pathways
Nadeau, L. ; Jaimes, A.; Johnson-Lafleur, J. ; Rousseau, C. (2017)
Youth mental health (YMH) services are greatly underutilized, particularly for migrant youth. Collaborative models of care offer promising avenues, but research on these treatment modalities is still scarce, particularly for migrants. The goal of this exploratory study is to better understand quality of care including factors improving access to care and collaborative YMH services use, efficacy and satisfaction, for this vulnerable population. This qualitative study relies on a multi-informants (youth, parents, clinicians) and multiple case study design to explore YMH collaborative services for migrant youth living in an urban setting (Montreal, Canada). Participants are five young patients (12–15 years old), one of their parents and their primary care therapist (N = 15). They come from migrant families, have a psychiatric diagnosis and have been receiving mental health services in a collaborative care setting for at least 6 months. Transcripts of semi-structured interviews for the five triads were thematically analyzed to draw similarities and contrasts between actors, across and within case-studies. Based on these findings, four themes emerged concerning the optimal care setting for collaborative YMH services for migrant families: (1) providing an equilibrium between communication, collaboration and privacy/confidentiality, (2) special attention to ensuring the continuity of care and the creation of a welcoming environment where trusting relationships can develop, (3) the inclusion of family intervention, and (4) the provision of collaborative decision-making pathways to care, addressing interprofessional and interinstitutional collaboration as well as cultural differences in explanatory models and values.
Vieillissement et perte de mémoire : avis de migrants haïtiens résidant au Québec
Cloos P., Collins, S., Joubert, W., Rosenberg, E. et L. Gautier (2019)
Introduction : La « démence » est généralement vue comme un syndrome caractérisé par le déclin d’une ou de plusieurs capacités cognitives, comme la perte de mémoire. Toutefois, perte de mémoire ne signifie pas pour autant démence. La plus fréquente des démences est la maladie d’Alzheimer dont la fréquence augmente avec le grand âge. En anthropologie de la santé, les maladies et leur expression représentent des construits socio-culturels qui ne sont pas reconnus et interprétés de la même façon par tout le monde. Par ailleurs, le contexte migratoire est source de difficultés dans le domaine de la démence. Cet article vise à discuter les liens entre vieillesse, démence et recherche d’aide dans ce contexte.
Méthode : Nous nous appuyons sur une étude qualitative exploratoire. Dix entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées avec des femmes et des hommes nés en Haïti et qui ont ensuite immigré au Québec. Ces entrevues nous ont permis de discuter du statut des aînés, du sens donné à la perte de mémoire et de la recherche d’aide.
Résultats : Les entrevues révèlent une pluralité des représentations à propos des pertes de mémoire et de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Elles mettent en lumière une diversité de croyances, d’attitudes et de valeurs traduisant une variabilité culturelle et sociale au sein d’une même communauté. La prise en compte du contexte permet de comprendre tantôt la transformation, tantôt la continuité des représentations et des conduites vis-à-vis des pertes de mémoire.
Conclusion : La démence ne semble pas être un phénomène qui est abordé facilement au sein de la communauté haïtienne du Québec. Au final, cette étude révèle un manque d’information à ce propos.
La Maison Bleue: Strengthening resilience among migrant mothers living in Montreal, Canada
Aube, T., Pisanu, S., Merry, L. (2019, juillet)
La Maison Bleue is a community-based perinatal health and social centre in Montreal that provides services during pregnancy up to age five to families living in vulnerable contexts. The study aimed to describe: 1) the challenges and protective factors that affect the well-being of migrant families receiving care at La Maison Bleue; and 2) how La Maison Bleue strengthens resilience among these families.
Mon papa et moi… d’un pays à l’autre
Christine Gervais, Isabel Côté, Renée-Pier Trottier-Cyr, Tatou Lachaîne-Parisien, Stéphanie Leduc, François PénzesChristine Gervais (2019)
Realised as part of the research project “L’enfant immigrant et sa famille : Écouter pour mieux comprendre” under the direction of Christine Gervais
In French
In English
In Spanish
Trousse d’outils pour soutenir l’intervention auprès de demandeurs d’asile
Cécile Rousseau, Garine Ppazian-Zohrabien, Véronique Harvey, Geneviève Binette, Carole Robichaud Cécile Rousseau, Garine Papazian-Zohrabian (2019)
Dans le cadre de la Trousse d’outils pour soutenir l’intervention auprès de demandeurs d’asile, réaliseés par le CERDA qui comprend 7 capsules vidéo d’experts provenant de disciplines variées.
Penser la haine après le trauma
Bourgeois-Guérin, É., Brami, M., Rousseau, C. (2019)
Les croisements entre trauma et violence sont souvent pensés sous l’angle de la violence subie, le premier s’inscrivant dans le sillage de la seconde. Les effets de la violence se traduisent alors en symptômes, mais aussi en agir, dans des cycles de répétition traumatique où la personne traumatisée peut se remettre dans des situations de risque. Qu’ils empruntent le vocabulaire de la psychanalyse ou celui d’approches biomédicales, de nombreux écrits en psychologie mettent ainsi de l’avant le caractère déstructurant de la violence traumatique.
Protocol for a Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating a Parenting With Home Visitation Programme to Prevent Physical and Emotional Abuse of Children in Indonesia: The Families First Programme
Ruiz-Casares, M., Lilley, S., Thombs, B. D., et al. (2019)
Introduction Every year, up to 1 billion children are victims of violence worldwide. Most child abuse takes place in the context of punishment. The Families First Programme, an adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Programme to the West Java context, is a parenting support programme anchored on children’s rights that gives parents guidance on child development, parenting and positive discipline practices. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the Families First Programme compared with a waitlist control group.
Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, parallel-group, stratified, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Twenty rural and urban villages in the Cianjur District, Indonesia, involving 720 caregivers of children up to 7 years of age, will be randomised. Villages will receive either a parenting programme consisting of 10 group sessions and four home visits over 3 months and standard community health and social services or just the latter. After completion of the trial period, the programme will be offered to those in the delayed group. Outcome data will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately postintervention (3 months postrandomisation) and 6 months later (9 months postrandomisation). The primary outcome will be frequency of physical and emotional punishment as measured by a weighted sum from three self-report items. Primary outcome analysis will use Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and assess the interaction between intervention and time over baseline and 3 and 9 months postrandomisation assessments. Concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess programme satisfaction and facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the programme generalisable to other settings.
Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from McGill University and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and events for decision-makers, including in the participating communities.
Politique sanitaire, acteurs, stratégies et contenu des interventions de lutte contre le choléra dans la Zone de santé d’Uvira en République Démocratique du Congo
Mudekereza, N., Sia, D., Lubambo, G., & Karemere, H. (2019, janvier)
Objectif
Évaluer les stratégies d’interventions dans la lutte contre le choléra à Uvira dans la perspective de les
renforcer
Matériel et méthodes.
L’étude a été évaluative recourant à des entrevues avec des acteurs impliqués dans la lutte contre le choléra et à la revue documentaire. Elle concerne la période de 2013 à 2016. Les données quantitatives relatives aux nombres de nouveaux cas et des décès ont été analysées à l’aide d’Excel. L’analyse des données qualitatives a été faite par thème en fonction des questions de recherche et au regard de la stratégie nationale de lutte contre le choléra en RDC.
Résultats
La corrélation entre les stratégies de lutte contre le choléra mises en place par les acteurs et les stratégies nationales de lutte contre le choléra reste relativement très faible dans la zone de santé. Des inadéquations entre ces deux groupes de stratégies sont ainsi relevées au cours de l’étude. Les effets positifs des différentes interventions mises en œuvre se traduisent par la diminution du nombre des nouveaux cas de choléra de 28% entre 2014 (1839 cas) et 2015 (1316 cas) et une certaine stagnation depuis 2016 autour de 1392 cas par an. L’efficacité des interventions est perçue efficace par seulement par 25% des membres de la communauté contre 62% des agents des organisations; les effets des interventions sont estimés durables par 38% des membres de la communauté contre 68 % des agents des organisations et 34% des membres de la communauté (68% des agents des organisations) pensent que la participation communautaire est sollicitée lors des interventions de lutte contre le choléra. Par contre, la grande majorité des membres de la communauté (87%) et des agents des organisations (99%) jugent pertinentes les interventions de lutte contre le choléra au cours de l’étude. La faible implication de la communauté dans les actions de lutte contre le choléra et le caractère urgentiste des interventions sont fortement fustigés.
Conclusion
L’élimination du choléra en tant que problème de santé publique fait face à plusieurs défis dont le plus important semble être l’accès durable à plus de ressources par tous les acteurs, principalement l’État. L’implication plus visible des autorités politico-administratives est souhaitée.
Migrant Women’s Health and Housing Insecurity: An Intersectional Analysis
Hanley, J., Ives, N., Lenet, J., Hordyk, S.-R., Walsh, C., Ben Soltane, S., & Este, D. (2019)
Purpose
This paper presents an analysis of how health intersects with the experience of housing insecurity and homelessness, specifically for migrant women. The authors argue that it is important to understand the specificities of the interplay of these different factors to continue the advancement of our understanding and practice as advocates for health and housing security.
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach was adopted, using a broad definition of housing insecurity: from absolute homelessness (e.g. residing rough) to invisible homelessness (e.g. couch surfing) to those at risk of homelessness. In total, 26 newcomer (foreign-born women who came to live in Canada during the previous ten years, regardless of their immigration status) women were recruited in Montreal, Canada. Participants were recruited directly through advertisements in public places and in collaboration with community organizations (women’s centers, homeless shelters, crisis centers, domestic violence shelters, immigrant settlement agencies and ethnic associations) and they self-identified as having experienced housing insecurity. Efforts were made to include a diversity of immigrant statuses as well as diversity in ethnicity, race, country of origin, family composition, sexual orientation, age and range of physical and mental ability. Women were engaged in semi-structured, open-ended interviews lasting approximately 1 h. Interviews were conducted in English or French in a location and time of participants’ choosing.
Findings
The findings are presented around three themes: how health problems instigate and maintain migrant women’s housing insecurity and homelessness; ways in which women’s immigration trajectories and legal status may influence their health experiences; and particular coping strategies that migrant women employ in efforts to maintain or manage their health. The authors conclude with implications of these findings for both policy and practice in relation to migrant women who experience or are at risk of housing insecurity and homelessness.
Originality/value
Intersections of women experiencing migration and housing insecurity in Canadian contexts have rarely been examined. This paper addresses a gap in the literature in terms of topic and context, but also in terms of sharing the voices of migrant women with direct experience with housing insecurity.
Exploring Intersectionality as a Policy Tool for Gender Based Policy Analysis: Implications for Language and Health Literacy as Key Determinants of Integration
Clark, N., & Vissandjée, B. (2019)
The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in Canada has set the stage for inclusive policy. Health literacy, language spoken, and gender are among the selected differential resettlement determinants of refugees’ access to health resources and opportunities. Gender-based analysis (GBA) is a priority for IRPA for promoting inclusive settlement policies. However, these legislative structures do not reflect language and health literacy as important intersections for immigrant integration. The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate that intersectionality as a policy tool can help structural and political processes to promote social justice and integration commitments to settlement and health care policy.
Exploring the Discrimination–Radicalization Nexus: Empirical Evidence From Youth and Young Adults in Belgium
Frounfelker, R. L., Frissen, T., Vanorio, I., Rousseau, C., & d’Haenens, L. (2019)
Objectives :Violence committed by extremists has serious violent and non-violent public health consequences. Researchers have hypothesized an association between experiencing discrimination and support for radicalization. This study examines the relationship between perceived discrimination and support for violent extremism among youth and young adults in Belgium.
Methods: A total of 2037 young adults between the ages of 16 and 30 participated in the study. We used multivariate linear regression to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics, experiences of perceived discrimination, and scores on the Radical Intention Scale (RIS).
Results: Sex, religion, generation status, and language were associated with experiencing discrimination. Sex and language were associated with scores on the RIS. Discrimination based on language and political views was independently associated with scores on the RIS. Discrimination experienced during interactions with the police/justice system was also associated with RIS scores.
Conclusions : Public health primary prevention programs and policies that target the relationship between discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization need to be situated on micro- to macro-levels. Of primary importance is the development of partnerships between stakeholders in public health, legal, political, and educational sectors to develop strategies to diminish discrimination and promote positive civic engagement among youth.
Sex, Grief, and Psychic Trauma: Considering History and Politics in the Psychosexual Treatment of Women with FGC
Koukoui, Sophia (2019)
Purpose of Review
This paper stems from a presentation given at the “Second International Expert Meeting on Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): Sharing data and experiences, improving collaboration,” which took place at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste. Justine, Montreal, Canada, in May 2018. It aims to shed light on the psychosexual health of women with female genital cutting (FGC), drawing from both scientific research and clinical work. This paper also addresses the inherent challenges to healthcare delivery for “cut” women and seeks to illuminate the social and historical realities that form the backdrop to the clinical encounter.
Recent Findings
While there is a vast body of literature on the psychological determinants of sexual health, studies on “cut” women’s sexual health have yet to delve into its psychological correlates. In addition, healthcare delivery for women with FGC poses a number of challenges, which impinge upon patient experience and health-seeking behavior.
Summary
Ethical considerations in care delivery for women with FGC must delve into the hegemonic nature of the patient-practitioner interactions and politics of Otherness. Interdisciplinary research and praxis on FGC will prevent biological reductionism and the pathologization of these women. It will afford more integrated, comprehensive, and ethical care for women with FGC.
Representations on Gender and Matrimonial Practices Among Young Practitioners in the Quebecois Religious Landscape: Sexual Ethics as a Source of Distinction
Mossière, G., & Le Gall, J. (2019)
Politiques des morts et pratiques des vivants : enjeux autour des morts en migration
Family’s Migration Experience and Distress Among Asian-Canadian Immigrant Youth
Moon, J., & Ruiz-Casares, M. (2019)
Asian immigrant parents often expect their children to pursue higher education and to succeed academically; this may be reinforced as parents lose social status upon arrival to the host country. In response, Asian immigrant youth often experience psychological distress and alienation from their parents. We studied Asian immigrant youth’s exposure to parental expectations and parents’ struggles post-migration to Canada, in conjunction with Asian immigrant youth’s career and academic choices and level of distress. Forty-nine first- and second-generation Asian immigrant university students from a single Canadian university institution completed an on-line survey assessing their migration trajectory, parents’ expectation and influence in choosing their field of study, and distress. Parental difficulties and participants’ awareness of those were highly correlated with perceptions of high parental expectations and filial piety. Whereas second-generation youth focused more on how they received direct pressure from parents to succeed according to parental standards, first-generation youth placed higher emphasis on how their own awareness of parental difficulties acted as a source of internal motivation. The average depression score of first-generation respondents was significantly higher than that of second-generation respondents, and association between family’s financial struggle and guilt was observed. This study provides insight on possible contributors to distress in Asian immigrant youth related to parental expectations and struggles post-migration.
Les parents immigrés asiatiques s’attendent souvent à ce que leurs enfants poursuivent des études supérieures et réussissent dans leurs études. Cette attente peut être renforcé lorsque les parents perdent leur statut social à leur arrivée au Canada. En réaction, les jeunes immigrants asiatiques éprouvent souvent une détresse psychologique et une aliénation de leurs parents. Nous avons étudié l’exposition des jeunes immigrants asiatiques aux attentes parentales et aux difficultés vécus par leurs parents suite à l’immigration au Canada, ainsi que les choix de carrière, les choix scolaires et le niveau de détresse chez des jeunes immigrants asiatiques. Quarante-neuf immigrés d’Asie de première et de deuxième génération qui étudient dans une institution universitaire canadienne ont participé à un sondage en ligne évaluant leur trajectoire migratoire, les attentes des parents et leur influence dans le choix de leur domaine d’études, ainsi que leur niveau de détresse. Les difficultés reliées à immigration des parents et la conscience des participants à ces problèmes étaient liées aux perceptions d’attentes parentales élevées et à la piété filiale. Alors que les jeunes de la deuxième génération se concentraient davantage sur la manière dont ils se sentaient obligés de répondre aux attentes des parents, les jeunes de la première génération d’immigrant ont fait part qu’ils ont pleinement conscience des difficultés éprouvées et vécues par leur parents et cela constitue pour eux une source de motivation interne. Le score moyen de dépression des répondants de la première génération était significativement supérieur à celui des répondants de la deuxième génération. En plus, nous avons noté un lien entre les difficultés financières de la famille et la culpabilité chez les répondants. Cette étude offre un aperçu des facteurs qui contribuent à la détresse chez les jeunes immigrants asiatiques, liés aux attentes des parents et aux difficultés qu’ils rencontrent suite à la migration.