Children as Providers and Recipients of Support: Redefining Family Among Child-Headed Households in Namibia
Ruiz-Casares, M; Gentz, S.; Beatson, J. (2017)
Instruction et socialisation, l’identité personnelle de l’élève immigrant
Beauregard, C., Papazian-Zohrabian, G., & Rousseau, C (2018)
Mental health among adolescents living with HIV in Namibia: the role of poverty, orphanhood and social support
Gentz, S.; G Calonge-Romano, I.; Martínez-Arias, R.; Zeng, C.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
The mental health needs of children and adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Namibia are poorly understood, despite the dramatic improvement in their survival. ALHIV in resource poor contexts face particular risk factors, such as poverty, orphanhood, and poor social support. This study examines the mental health of ALHIV in Namibia, and the factors that contribute to mental health problems. A case-control design assessed emotional and behavioural symptoms of distress, risk and protective factors among adolescents aged 12-18 years. Case participants were 99 HIV-positive adolescents. Case controls were 159 adolescents from the same community who were not known to be HIV seropositive at the time of the study. Control group participants were selected from schools using a stratified random sampling. A larger proportion of HIV-positive adolescents were orphaned (62.6% vs. 20.8%, p < .001); the groups showed no differences in poverty factors. HIV-positive adolescents scored lower than the control group on total perceived social support (p < .05) and caregiver support (p < .05), but no differences in perceived friend support and support from a self-selected person were present. HIV-positive adolescents reported significantly more total emotional and behavioural difficulties (p = .027) and conduct problems (p = .025), even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. However, after controlling for the effects of orphanhood, group differences in mental health outcomes were no longer significant. Furthermore, mediation analysis suggested that social support completely mediated the relationship between HIV status and mental health (standardised pathway coefficients = .05, p = .021). Policies and programmes that aim to strengthen social support and take orphanhood status into consideration may improve the mental health of adolescents living with HIV.
Adaptation of an existing measure to assess professionals’ attitudes regarding the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families
Gervais, C.; Meunier, S.; deMontigny, F.; Dubeau, D. (2018)
Abstract
Introduction. Despite greater father participation in child care/rearing nowadays and the challenge of involving fathers in nursing interventions, no instrument exists to measure professional attitudes toward father involvement in family interventions. Objectives. The aim of this study was to adapt an existing measure that assesses nurse attitudes regarding the importance of including families in nursing care into a measure that assesses professionals’ attitudes towards the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families. Method. The Professionals’ Attitudes towards Father Involvement (PAFI) scale was adapted from the Families’ Importance in Nursing Care – Nurse Attitudes (FINC-NA) scale. A total of 297 professionals in family care completed the 26 items of the PAFI. Results. Items analysis indicated three items had low variability and abnormal distribution. Principal component analysis was conducted with the 23 remaining items. Results revealed a solution with four factors reproducing the structure of the original scale: Father as conversational partner, Father as resource, Father as burden, and Father as own resource. Most items loaded on their original factor. The four subscales and the global scale showed good internal consistency. Discussion and conclusion. Even though further studies are needed, this adapted scale now enables researchers and practitioners to assess professionals’ attitudes towards the importance of involving fathers in interventions with families.
Résumé
Introduction. Les pères sont de plus en plus engagés auprès de leurs enfants. Plusieurs professionnels, dont les infirmières, peinent à s’adapter à cette nouvelle réalité. Aucune échelle n’existe pour mesurer l’attitude des professionnels par rapport à l’importance d’inclure les pères dans leurs interventions. Objectifs. Le but de cette étude est d’adapter une échelle qui mesure les attitudes des infirmières quant à l’importance d’inclure les familles dans leurs soins pour en faire un instrument permettant de mesurer les attitudes des professionnels envers l’importance d’inclure les pères dans leurs interventions auprès des familles. Méthodes. L’échelle Attitudes des professionnels envers l’inclusion des pères (APIP) a été adaptée à partir de l’échelle Importance des familles dans les soins infirmiers – Attitudes des infirmières. Au total, 297 professionnels ont répondu aux 26 items de l’échelle APIP. Résultats. L’analyse des items révèle que trois d’entre eux présentaient une faible variabilité et une distribution anormale. L’analyse à composantes principales a été effectuée avec les 23 items restants. Les résultats confirment quatre facteurs, reproduisant la structure de l’échelle originale : le père comme partenaire de conversation, le père comme ressource, le père comme fardeau et le père comme ayant ses propres ressources. Les quatre sous-échelles et l’échelle globale ont montré une bonne cohérence interne. Discussion et conclusion. Même si d’autres études sont nécessaires, cette échelle adaptée permet maintenant aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de mesurer les attitudes des professionnels quant à l’importance d’impliquer les pères dans leurs interventions auprès des familles.
Le rôle de l’école face à la radicalisation violente: risques et bénéfices d’une approche sécuritaire
Michalon-Brodeur, V.; Bourgeois-Guérin, É.; Cénat, JM.; Rousseau, C (2018)
Le milieu scolaire face aux défis de l’accueil des élèves réfugiés: quels enjeux pour la gouvernance scolaire et la formation des intervenants
Papazian-Zohrabian, G.; Mamprin, C.; Lemire, V.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Hassan, G.; Rousseau, C.; Aoun, R. (2018)
Caring for Families Separated by Changing Immigration Policies and Enforcement: A Cultural Psychiatry Perspective
Brandon AK.; Lu, FG.; Wu EY.; Hinton, DE.; Aggarwal, NK.; Parekh, R. ; Rousseau, C.; Lewis-Fernández, R. (2018)
Recent changes in U.S. immigration policies and enforcement have precipitated a 300% rise in arrests and planned deportations. Although some family members face deportation, other family members may have state-sanctioned status. Such mixed status puts hundreds of thousands of families at risk of forced separation and associated mental health problems. Building on cross-cultural work with refugee families and other groups and on work with families separated by parental incarceration, the authors provide recommendations to guide clinicians working with families who are separated or who fear separation. Mental health problems among separated families can in part be addressed through identifying the origins of distress, elucidating family structures and roles, strengthening communication practices, linking with legal and economic resources, and facilitating decision making through distress reduction.
Stories of trauma in family therapy with refugees: Supporting safe relational spaces of narration and silence
De Haene, L,; Rousseau, C,; Kevers, R.; Deruddere, N.; Rober, P. (2018)
With the sharp increase of refugees’ arrival and resettlement in western communities, adequate mental health care forms a pivotal dimension in host societies’ responses to those individuals and communities seeking protection within their borders. Here, clinical literature shows a growing interest in the development of family therapy approaches with refugees, in which therapeutic practice engages with the pivotal role of refugee family dynamics in posttrauma reconstruction and adaptation in resettlement and aims at supporting posttrauma reconstruction through strengthening capacities to restore safety, meaning and connectedness within family relationships. In this article, we focus on the narrative restoration of meaning as central mode of posttrauma reparation and explore its specific dynamics and relational complexities in the context of therapeutic practice with refugee families. Hereto, we integrate theoretical and clinical scholarly work on trauma narration and its intersection with empirical findings on trauma communication in refugee families. Furthermore, we develop case reflections to illustrate different processes of engaging with trauma narration in refugee family therapy. This analysis develops an understanding of the multivoiced ways in which refugee families engage with traumatic suffering through different modes of expression that may entail both narration and silence and explores how family therapeutic practices can engage and mobilize voices of narration and silence as relational stories of restoration.
Intervention pédagogique et diversité ethnoculturelle: théorisation de récits de pratique d’enseignantes et d’enseignants, et défis de formation
Caring for Families Separated by Changing Immigration Policies and Enforcement: A Cultural Psychiatry Perspective
Brandon A. K.; Lu, FG.; Wu , EY.; Hinton, DE.; Krishan Aggarwal, N.; Parekh, R.; Rousseau, C.; Lewis-Fernández, R. (2018)
Recent changes in U.S. immigration policies and enforcement have precipitated a 300% rise in arrests and planned deportations. Although some family members face deportation, other family members may have state-sanctioned status. Such mixed status puts hundreds of thousands of families at risk of forced separation and associated mental health problems. Building on cross-cultural work with refugee families and other groups and on work with families separated by parental incarceration, the authors provide recommendations to guide clinicians working with families who are separated or who fear separation. Mental health problems among separated families can in part be addressed through identifying the origins of distress, elucidating family structures and roles, strengthening communication practices, linking with legal and economic resources, and facilitating decision making through distress reduction.
Parler aux enfants de la violence du monde, à partir de l’ouvrage « L’Enfant Gazelle » de Stéphane Martelly, illustré par Albin Christen
Koukoui, S. (2018)
Ce merveilleux conte, paru aux éditions Remue Ménage1, est un ouvrage tout en finesse à travers lequel l’auteur a le courage d’aborder une des tâches les plus délicates qu’un parent ait à faire : parler à son enfant de la violence du monde. Mais puisqu’il le faut, pour le protéger, l’auteur nous fait don de ce conte et nous accompagne avec une délicatesse et une profondeur, qui témoignent d’une réflexion mûrie et d’un grand amour des enfants. Comment aborder ce sujet sensible avec les petits sans les angoisser, ni les brimer dans leurs élans, dans leurs pulsions de vie ? Sans induire de progression traumatique, comme un fruit devenu mûr trop vite pour avoir été confronté au réel (Ferenczi, 1933) ? Pour ce faire, l’auteur use brillamment de métaphores que le lecteur de tout âge comprendra à l’aulne de son développement. Et c’est là le génie de sa méthode.
Cette puissance d’évocation est décuplée par les créations picturales qui accompagnent le texte. Il s’agit des illustrations d’Albin Christen. La première page, noire, remémore à l’enfant son milieu originel : le ventre de sa mère, lieu des premiers échanges sensoriels, d’où il recevra un premier bain de parole. Puis il y a ces forces invisibles qui jalonnent le parcours de l’enfant et qui sont illustrées de façon magistrale : des tenailles légèrement anthropomorphisées en bras, pour symboliser l’oppression ; les barrières de métal qui représentent les obstacles ; les rouages complexes qui métaphorisent l’appareillage intriqué et pervers qu’est la violence systémique.
Les méthodes mixtes comme avenue d’amélioration de la rigueur scientifique et de l’éthique en recherche auprès de populations minoritaires et marginalisées : étude d e cas en santé mentale jeunesse transculturelle
Johnson-Lafleur, J.; Nadeau, L.; Jaimes, A.; Rousseau, C.; Pluye, P. (2018)
Les services en santé mentale jeunesse comprennent des interventions multimodales interdisciplinaires complexes et leur évaluation tire profit des méthodes mixtes, particulièrement auprès de populations caractérisées par leur diversité culturelle.
Ce chapitre présente les résultats d’une étude pilote visant à développer une méthode d’évaluation des soins en collaboration en santé mentale jeunesse à Montréal. La méthode combinait la réalisation d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de cinq triades jeune-parent-intervenant et de questionnaires mesurant la satisfaction envers les services et l’amélioration du portrait clinique.
Nous aborderons principalement les forces et les limites de la méthode mixte employée. Les points de convergence et de divergence des données quantitatives et qualitatives sont présentés et l’accent est mis sur l’importance de l’intégration des résultats.
Les résultats mixtes ont permis d’améliorer la rigueur scientifique de la recherche en complétant et en contextualisant les résultats des composantes qualitative et quantitative de l’étude, et en permettant une meilleure adéquation culturelle de la méthode utilisée.
Sur le plan éthique, nous considérons que l’approche qualitative a amélioré la prise en considération de la voix des participants, une question particulièrement importante pour des recherches sur des enjeux de santé pouvant faire l’objet de stigmatisation et menées auprès de populations culturellement minoritaires, marginalisées ou peu représentées dans la littérature scientifique. Les contributions de l’étude pilote au développement d’un devis de recherche mixte longitudinal sont également présentées.
Child supervision in low-and middle-income countries: A scoping review
Miconi, D.; Beeman, I.; Robert, E.; Beatson, J.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
Despite the importance of adequate supervision to child wellbeing, the academic conversation around this topic is scattered across disciplines and for this reason is difficult to follow. Researchers and decision-makers would benefit from a preliminary overview of conceptualizations, cultural variations, and facilitators and barriers to providing supervision to children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A scoping review was conducted. Two searches of the literature were run within Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, Social SciencesFull Text, ERIC, SocIndex with Full Text, and Academic Search Complete. Additional papers were identified through a call to experts. Out of 2049 publications initially identified, 44 studies met our inclusion criteria, thus reflecting the scarcity of scientific evidence in LMICs. Child supervision was addressed in the literature in terms of links to psychological, health, social and academic outcomes, suggesting a multidisciplinary interest in the topic. However, a vague conceptualization of child supervision emerged across studies. Of importance, cultural and socio-economic influences interacted to shape caregivers’ vision of the family, the child, and the decision-making process regarding supervision practices. Barriers and/or facilitators to adequate child supervision were addressed only in 18 studies. There was substantial variation in how cultural influences on child supervision were taken into account across studies. Our review aims to inform and guide future research and action on child supervision practices in LMICs and calls for a more coherent and comprehensive body of literature on this matter. Programming and policy efforts should take socio-economic and cultural influences into account, as well as be tailored according to the specificities of each child, caregiver(s), and setting.
Protecting Only White Children: The Impact of Child Restraint Legislation in Brazil
Nazif-Muñoz, JI.; Nandi, A.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018, juin)
In 2010, Brazil introduced child restraint legislation (CRL). We assessed the effectiveness of CRL in reducing child (aged 0–8 years) injuries and fatalities by race. We performed an evaluation study with an interrupted time–series design. We measured the effect of CRL on two outcomes—number of child deaths and number of child injured in traffic collisions per child population, stratified by race, from 2008 to 2014. We controlled for time, unemployment rate and oil consumption (barrels/day in thousands). The CRL was associated with a 3% reduction in the rate of child injuries among whites (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99), but no reduction in child injuries among non-whites (IRR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99–1.00). In the first month after the implementation of Brazil’s CRL we observed a 39% reduction in all child fatalities (IRR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44–0.84), including a 52% reduction among whites (IRR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33–0.68), but no reduction in non-white fatalities (IRR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.55–1.37). Our results support the hypothesis that socially advantaged populations were more likely to consistently adopt and employ restraint devices following the reform. Countries should also consider complementary policies that facilitate an equitable distribution of safety devices that reach vulnerable populations.
Impact of Child Restraint Policies on Child Occupant Fatalities and Injuries in Chile and Its Regions: An Interrupted Time-Series Study
Nazif-Muñoz, JI.; Nandi, A.; Ruiz-Casares, M. (2018)
Objectives
We assessed the effectiveness of the child restraint legislation (CRL) introduced in Chile in December 2005 and the National Decree enacted in February 2007, which regulated the technical characteristics of child restraint devices with the goal of reducing child occupant fatalities and severe injuries nationally and within Chile’s regions.
Methods
An interrupted time–series design was used to measure the effect of CRL and the National Decree on two dependent variables—number of child occupant deaths in traffic collisions and number of child occupants severely injured in traffic collisions per vehicle fleet from 2002 to 2014 (police data). Our analyses compared the incidence of these outcomes in the post-intervention period (2006 to 2014) with the period prior to these interventions (2002–2005) nationally and by region, controlling for several confounders.
Results
Nationally, the child restraint policies were associated with a 39.3% (95% CI: 4.7; 73.9) reduction in child occupant fatalities, but no significant decrease was observed in child severe injuries. These interventions were associated with a 75.3% (95% CI: 15.6; 135.1) reduction in the rate of child occupant fatalities in the southern regions, and a 32.9% (95% CI: 1.1; 67.0) reduction in the rate of children severely injured in the northern regions.
Conclusion
In the short term, the CRL and the National Decree were associated with fewer child occupant fatalities, at the national level and in the southern regions, and severely injured child occupants in traffic collisions in Chile’s northern regions. These results demonstrate a limited temporal and territorial impact. This suggests that to effectively protect vulnerable populations across all territories, efforts should be expanded more consistently and sustained over time.
The Social Networks, Social Support and Social Capital of Syrian Refugees Privately Sponsored to Settle in Montreal: Indications for Employment and Housing During Their Early Experiences of Integration
Hanley, J., Mhamied, A.A., Cleveland, J., Hajjar, O., Hassan, G., Ives, N., Hynie, M. (2018, aout)
Beginning in 2015, Canada undertook an exceptional undertaking of sponsoring of more than40,000 Syrian refugees to resettle in Canada. As the excitement of their initial arrivals dissipates,it is important to consider their longer-term settlement and integration in their new communities.This article offers a portrait and analysis of how Syrian refugees sponsored to Montreal are able tocreate social networks and access social support in order to build social capital for employmentand housing purposes. Part of a larger, three-province, 4-year longitudinal study, here we report onthe first wave of survey data collected from 626 Privately-Sponsored Refugees living in Quebec.We report on their family support and friendships, as well as the ways that these social connectionshelped them in terms of employment and housing. Differences in terms of age, gender and time inCanada are analyzed. We find strong evidence of bonding social capital among recently resettledSyrians in Montreal, and growing bridging capital.
Les focus groups comme approche méthodologique en milieu de pratique
Consulter les aide-mémoire >> Pour des exemples de questions et de prises de notes>> Pour une brève réflexion éthique lorsque l’on organise des FGs (p. 241)>>
Talking about violence in the news with youth
Cécile Rousseau, Tomas Sierra Audrey L-Lachaîne, Anousheh Mashouf, Élise Bourgeois-Guérin et Marie-Ève ParéCécile Rousseau, Anousheh Machouf, Elise Bourgeois-Guérin (2018)
Tragic events, such as wars and terrorist
attacks, that occur in Québec or elsewhere in
the world are reported in the news. Youth are
exposed to this coverage in a number of ways,
and they are interested in news events that
they hear about on television, on social media
online, at school or in their surroundings.
Although it is difficult, it is important to talk about these hard subjects with them and consider their opinions and impressions of the world. When the time comes to start a conversation, we sometimes feel powerless or upset by some of our adolescent’s reactions. Fortunately, it is possible to be well prepared. This pamphlet provides some insight into how to broach hard subjects with adolescents and resources.
Bibliothèque vivante
Catherine Montgomery, Lilyane Rachédi (2018)
Ont participé au projet Bibliothèque vivante 2017-2018:
– les enseignants et enseignantes oeuvrant dans des classes d’accueil: Frédérique Dusseault et Émilie Beaudoin (école secondaire Leblanc); Narjiss Aoukach (école secondaire Mont-de-La-Salle); Émilie Gohier, Véronic Charette, Patricia Guzman da Silva, Yalda Bisoodi et Miriam Inssaf Dekkiche (école primaire des Ormeaux); Khalid Gueddari et Attou Fall (école primaire alternative de l’Envol).
– les conseillères pédagogiques SASAF de la Commission scolaire de Laval : Abir Abdo et Béatrice Halsouet
– le bibliothécaire de la Ville de Laval, Mathieu Tremblay, et le personnel des bibliothèques Germaine-Guèvremont, Marius-Barbeau et Émile-Nelligan;
– les chercheures et formatrices associées de l’UQAM, , Lilyane Rachédi, Catherine Montgomery, Audrey Gonin et de l’université de Montréal, Françoise Armand et Catherine Maynard.
Nous tenons à remercier tout d’abord les élèves de toutes les classes participantes pour leur engagement dans le projet, les collaborateurs de la Ville de Laval pour leur disponibilité et leur sens de l’organisation ainsi que l’organisme SHERPA et le Ministère de l’éducation et de l’enseignement supérieur pour leur soutien financier.
Un grand merci à Patrick Fleury, conseiller pédagogique, pour la réalisation de ce documentaire.
Interactions Between Indigenous Women Awaiting Childbirth Away From Home and Their Southern, Non-Indigenous Health Care Providers
Vang, Z.M.; Gagnon, R.; Li, T.; Jimenez, V.; Navickas, A.; Pelletier, J.; Shenker, H. (2018)
We examine patient–provider interactions for Indigenous childbirth evacuees. Our analysis draws on in-depth interviews with 25 Inuit and First Nations women with medically high-risk pregnancies who were transferred or medevacked from northern Quebec to receive maternity care at a tertiary hospital in a southern city in the province. We supplemented the patient data with interviews from eight health care providers. Three themes related to patient–provider interactions are discussed: evacuation-related stress, hospital bureaucracy, and stereotypes. Findings show that the quality of the patient–provider interaction is contingent on individual health care providers’ ability to connect with Indigenous patients and overcome cultural and institutional barriers to communication and trust-building. The findings point to the need for further training of medical professionals in the delivery of culturally safe care and addressing bureaucratic constraints in the health care system to improve patient–provider communication and overall relationship quality.
Refugee Maternal and Perinatal Health in Ontario, Canada: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Wanigaratne, S.; Shakya, Y.; J Gagnon, A.; Cole, DC.; Rashid, M.; Blake, J.; Dastoori, P.; Moineddin, R.; , Ray, JG.; Urquia, ML. (2018)
Objectives Immigrants are thought to be healthier than their native-born counterparts, but less is known about the health of refugees or forced migrants. Previous studies often equate refugee status with immigration status or country of birth (COB) and none have compared refugee to non-refugee immigrants from the same COB. Herein, we examined whether: (1) a refugee mother experiences greater odds of adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes compared with a similar non-refugee mother from the same COB and (2) refugee and non-refugee immigrants differ from Canadian-born mothers for maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Design This is a retrospective population-based database study. We implemented two cohort designs: (1) 1:1 matching of refugees to non-refugee immigrants on COB, year and age at arrival (±5 years) and (2) an unmatched design using all data.
Setting and participants Refugee immigrant mothers (n=34 233), non-refugee immigrant mothers (n=243 439) and Canadian-born mothers (n=615 394) eligible for universal healthcare insurance who had a hospital birth in Ontario, Canada, between 2002 and 2014.
Primary outcomes Numerous adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes.
Results Refugees differed from non-refugee immigrants most notably for HIV, with respective rates of 0.39% and 0.20% and an adjusted OR (AOR) of 1.82 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.79). Other elevated outcomes included caesarean section (AOR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08) and moderate preterm birth (AOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.17). For the majority of outcomes, refugee and non-refugee immigrants experienced similar AORs when compared with Canadian-born mothers.
Conclusions Refugee status was associated with a few adverse maternal and perinatal health outcomes, but the associations were not strong except for HIV. The definition of refugee status used herein may not sensitively identify refugees at highest risk. Future research would benefit from further
Rethinking Western Muslim Identity with Social Representations
T. Younis et G. Hassan (2018)
The research subject of social identity among Western Muslims raises concern, as it is questionable if one can dissociate its political implications from academic analysis. This article uses the concept of social representations as a viable alternative in providing a more nuanced depiction of Western Muslim identity dynamics. We first illustrate the need to go beyond the identity construct in social psychology, as it may potentially reproduce the moral panic surrounding Muslims in public consciousness. We then propose an alternative conceptualisation Western Muslim identity – using social representations – which emphasizes the importance of common-sensical knowledge structures. We discuss the necessity of understanding Western Muslim group dynamics without politically reifying the implicit incongruity of national/religious affiliations via the construct of ‘identity’.
Enacting Autism: Immigrant Family Negotiations With Nosology in Practice
Pereira Pondé, M.; Bassi Arcand, FMN., Cunha, L. A., & Rousseau, C. (2018)
This article describes how autism spectrum disorder is experienced in the context of immigrant families and how the meaning of this condition, proposed by professionals in the host country, is negotiated between families and healthcare providers. The study sample consists of 44 parents of different nationalities and their 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood of Montreal, Canada. Individual parent interviews were audiotaped and transcribed for subsequent analysis. Results suggest that – although they may sometimes be a source of anxiety – the uncertainties regarding the etiology of ASD, as well as the gap between the explanatory models (EMs) proposed by host country professionals and the impressions of parents, seem to increase the capacity of families to resist the imposition of what they perceive as external categories. Parents perceived the day-to-day difficulties associated with their child’s condition as a form of social exclusion that compromised their child’s future and independence. These day-to-day difficulties were also described as directly affecting the parents’ social life, constituting an important emotional and physical burden. When talking about their children, parents described the painfulness of their experiences, but also discussed how their autistic child had transformed and shaped their lives. Overall, these results show how the disease is “enacted” in the day-to-day life of parents; and suggest that such an embodied understanding of ASD may sometimes represent a form of re-appropriation of power by families faced with adversity.
Canadian Response to Need for Transformation of Youth Mental Health Services: Access Open Minds (Esprits Ouverts)
Malla, A.; Iyer, S.; Shah, J.; Joober, R., Rousseau, C. et al. (2018)
Aim
Youth mental health is of paramount significance to society globally. Given early onset of mental disorders and the inadequate access to appropriate services, a meaningful service transformation, based on globally recognized principles, is necessary. The aim of this paper is to describe a national Canadian project designed to achieve transformation of mental health services and to evaluate the impact of such transformation on individual and system related outcomes.
Method
We describe a model for transformation of services for youth with mental health and substance abuse problems across 14 geographically, linguistically and culturally diverse sites, including large and small urban, rural, First Nations and Inuit communities as well as homeless youth and a post‐secondary educational setting. The principles guiding service transformation and objectives are identical across all sites but the method to achieve them varies depending on prevailing resources, culture, geography and the population to be served and how each community can best utilize the extra resources for transformation.
Results
Each site is engaged in community mapping of services followed by training, active stakeholder engagement with youth and families, early case identification initiatives, providing rapid access (within 72 hours) to an assessment of the presenting problems, facilitating connection to an appropriate service within 30 days (if required) with no transition based on age within the 11 to 25 age group and a structured evaluation to track outcomes over the period of the study.
Conclusions
Service transformation that is likely to achieve substantial change involves very detailed and carefully orchestrated processes guided by a set of values, principles, clear objectives, training and evaluation. The evidence gathered from this project can form the basis for scaling up youth mental health services in Canada across a variety of environments.
Mental Health Needs and Services for Migrants: An Overview for Primary Care Providers
C. Rousseau et R. Frounfelker (2018)
Abstract Background
The objective of this article is to present an overview of the burden, spectrum of diseases, and risk factors for mental illness among subgroups of migrants, namely immigrants, refugees, and individuals with precarious legal status. This expert review summarizes some of the implications for primary care services in migrant receiving countries in the global North.
Methods
A broad literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of mental health disorder in migrants and refugee and on the available evidence on mental health services for this population focusing on key issues for primary care practitioners in high income countries.
Results
Although most migrants are resilient, migration is associated with an overrepresentation of mental disorder in specific subpopulations. There is general consensus that stress related disorders are more prevalent among refugee populations of all ages compared to the general population. Relative to refugees, migrants with precarious legal status may be at even higher risk for depression and anxiety disorders. Persistence and severity of psychiatric disorders among migrant populations can be attributed to a combination of factors, including severity of trauma exposures during the migration process. Exposure to stressors after resettlement, such as poverty and limited social support, also impact mental illness. Services for migrants are affected by restricted accessibility, and should address cultural and linguistic barriers and issues in the larger social environment that impact psychosocial functioning.
Conclusion
There is substantial burden of mental illness among some migrant populations. Primary care providers seeking to assist individuals need to be cognizant of language barriers and challenges of working with interpreters as well as sensitive to cultural and social contexts within the diagnosis and service delivery process. In addition, best practices in screening migrants and providing intervention services for mental disorders need to be sensitive to where individuals and families are in the resettlement trajectory.
Legal Status and Vulnerabilities
I. Atak and F.Crépeau (2018)
Carrés, cimetières et musulmans. Les impensés de l’immigration et de la citoyenneté au Québec
Rachédi, L., Idir, M., & Sarenac, J. (2018)
Cet article présente l’analyse des résultats d’une étude commandée par le ministère de l’Immigration, de la Diversité et de l’Inclusion, portant sur les besoins et les enjeux entourant les demandes de terrains confessionnels pour les personnes de confession ou de culture musulmane au Québec. Il ne présente pas d’hypothèse scientifique en soi. Il propose d’abord de considérer les lieux de sépulture comme marqueurs de temporalité et d’intégration. Ensuite, les résultats démontrent un processus de négociation de la norme religieuse de la part des musulmans, entre autres, pour soutenir le deuil. Enfin, l’étude insiste sur l’urgence de considérer très sérieusement le sentiment d’islamophobie vécu et de traiter de l’enjeu des lieux de sépulture dans une optique de citoyenneté active et d’égalité.
Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a parenting with home visitation programme to prevent physical and emotional abuse of children in Indonesia: the Families First Programme
M. Ruiz-Casares, S. Lilley, BD Thombs, R. William Platt, S. Scott, W. Isdijoso, E. Hermanus, M. Andrina, N. Mayo (2018)
Introduction Every year, up to 1 billion children are victims of violence worldwide. Most child abuse takes place in the context of punishment. The Families First Programme, an adaptation of the Positive Discipline in Everyday Parenting Programme to the West Java context, is a parenting support programme anchored on children’s rights that gives parents guidance on child development, parenting and positive discipline practices. This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of the Families First Programme compared with a waitlist control group.
Methods and analysis This is a pragmatic, parallel-group, stratified, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Twenty rural and urban villages in the Cianjur District, Indonesia, involving 720 caregivers of children up to 7 years of age, will be randomised. Villages will receive either a parenting programme consisting of 10 group sessions and four home visits over 3 months and standard community health and social services or just the latter. After completion of the trial period, the programme will be offered to those in the delayed group. Outcome data will be collected before randomisation (baseline), immediately postintervention (3 months postrandomisation) and 6 months later (9 months postrandomisation). The primary outcome will be frequency of physical and emotional punishment as measured by a weighted sum from three self-report items. Primary outcome analysis will use Poisson regression with generalised estimating equations and assess the interaction between intervention and time over baseline and 3 and 9 months postrandomisation assessments. Concurrent process evaluation will be conducted to assess programme satisfaction and facilitators and barriers to the implementation of the programme generalisable to other settings.
Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was obtained from McGill University and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences and events for decision-makers, including in the participating communities.
Tracing the Coloniality of Queer and Trans Migrations: Resituating Heterocisnormative Violence in the Global South and Encounters with Migrant Visa Ineligibility to Canada
E. Ou Jin Lee (2018)
La plupart des travaux de recherche sur les migrants queer et trans ciblent leurs expériences postmigratoires. Cet article fait en revanche suite à une étude doctorale qui comprend des entretiens avec les participants et une analyse de textes au contenu politique ou médiatique pour rendre les dimensions historiques, géopolitiques, sociales et économiques qui façonnent dans le monde non seulement la violence homophobe et transphobe, mais aussi les migrations de personnes queers et trans des pays du Sud vers le Canada. Ces réalités sont analysées sous le prisme de la colonialité et à l’échelle de l’empire, afin d’historiciser la manière dont les vies des migrants queer et trans sont façonnées par des histoires oubliées de violence coloniale. Cette étude laisse penser que l’hypervisibilité du traitement « généreux » du Canada vis-à-vis des réfugiés queer et trans occulte la manière dont le régime frontalier empêche les personnes provenant des pays du Sud d’entrer dans ce pays.
Digging Beneath the Surface: Results From Stage One of a Qualitative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Well-Being of Trans Youth in Quebec
A. Pullen Sansfaçon, W. Hébert, E. Ou Jin Lee, M. Faddoul, D. Tourki et C. Bellot (2018)
Background: The literature on trans youth has been dominated by etiological studies interested in trans experience as a medical phenomenon. An emerging body of literature has begun to document that trans youth are a diverse, vulnerable, yet resilient population, and to investigate the role of various sites of support such as the family, peer groups, institutions, and community spaces in contributing to or impeding trans youth’s well-being.
Method: This article presents the results of Stage One of interviews (n = 24) conducted for a Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) qualitative research project based in Quebec. It studies the factors that enhance trans youth’s well-being as well as the factors of oppression that negatively affect it. This paper offers a brief overview of the anti-oppressive methodology used for this project, emphasizing how CBPAR was combined with Grounded Theory (GT) methods to encourage the direct involvement of communities and the translation of knowledge into action.
Results: We present preliminary categories emerging through the ongoing axial coding process. These categories address trans youth’s experiences in and perceptions of various “sites”: 1) healthcare services both for gender-related and general care, 2) other institutional spaces, 3) the family and other social circles, and 4) community spaces.
Conclusion: While much of this study’s results support existing evidence on trans youth’s experiences, they also provide a more nuanced portrayal of the complex ways in which recognition, as well as non-, mis-, or mal-recognition, influence trans youth’s well-being at different sites. We also argue that recognition itself must be considered through the lens of intersectionality.
Au-delà des apparences : analyse intersectionnelle de vécus de jeunes trans migrants et racisés au Québec
D. Tourki, E. Ou Jin Lee, A. Baril, W. Hébert et A. Pullen Sansfaçon (2018)
Depuis quelque temps, on observe une prise de conscience publique concernant les enjeux que vivent les personnes trans migrantes et les jeunes trans, surtout au Québec. Néanmoins, il existe très peu de littérature sur le vécu des jeunes trans migrants et racisés.
Notre article vise à pallier cette lacune apparente dans les recherches francophones sur les personnes trans migrantes, en particulier chez les jeunes, en présentant les résultats préliminaires d’un projet de recherche-action participative communautaire visant à mieux comprendre les expériences des jeunes trans âgés de 15 à 25 ans vivant au Québec.
Le présent article discute des facteurs d’oppression ainsi que de certains privilèges, de même que de l’influence qu’ils ont sur l’expérience des jeunes trans migrants et racisés lorsqu’ils naviguent les normes de genre préétablies. L’article traite des manières dont des facteurs tels que l’identité de genre, la citoyenneté, la race et l’âge s’entrecroisent et interagissent, et ultimement influencent les transitions médicales, sociales et légales de ces jeunes. De plus, nous discutons des axes de différenciation sociale, ainsi que la manière dont ils façonnent les difficultés qui marquent le parcours de ces jeunes et qui empêchent parfois l’affirmation de leurs multiples identités. Nous reconnaissons également la force et la résilience chez les jeunes trans migrants et racisés ainsi que la manière dont ces jeunes réagissent aux oppressions multiples.
Comprendre pour mieux prévenir les violences liées au genre et à la sexualité en contexte de diversité culturelle
FORMATION EN LIGNE L’Institut universitaire SHERPA a mis sur pied, en collaboration avec trois de ses membres, Edward Ou Jin Lee, Sophia Koukoui et Ghayda Hassan, ainsi que l’équipe de Formation continue partagée du Centre universitaire de santé McGill, une formation en interculturel sur les violences liées au genre et à la sexualité. Cette formation […]
Intervenir en contexte d’immigration et de diversité ethnoculturelle
FORMATION EN LIGNE L’Institut universitaire SHERPA a mis sur pied une formation de base sur l’intervention en contexte d’immigration et de diversité culturelle. Cette formation est disponible aux membres du personnel du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux, via l’Environnement numérique d’apprentissage. Si ce n’est pas votre cas et que vous aimeriez y […]
Student life
Post-doctoral fellows and students are active participants in the vitality of SHERPA’s academic endeavours. Their research work makes a significant contribution to the expertise developed in each of the three axes of the research programme. Many research interns in Quebec and internationally have chosen SHERPA. It provides them with a plural framework encouraging an inter-disciplinary […]
Teams in partnership
L’équipe de Recherche et Action sur les Polarisations Sociales cherche à comprendre le phénomène de la radicalisation menant à la violence. Elle enquête sur les différentes formes qu’elle peut revêtir dans la société québécoise, sur les facteurs de risque et les facteurs de protection face au soutien que peuvent lui manifester certains jeunes, et sur […]
Trainings
Institut universitaire SHERPA has a long history of developing training programs to support staff in the health and social services network and in community settings. The first basic intercultural training courses were developed under the responsibility of the METISS team in the early 2000s, by Janine Hohl, Fasal Kanouté and Spyridoula Xenocostas. Their aim was […]
Philosophie, polarisations sociales et dérives sécuritaires
Journée d’étude Dans un contexte où les tensions manifestes entre majorités et minorités l’échelle locale, nationale comme internationale s’aggravent et où les inégalités sociales sont en perpétuelle croissance, cette journée a pour objectif d’offrir une occasion de débat en mettant en exergue l’apport de la philosophie aux tensions actuelles qui traversent la société. Elle propose […]
(La) Diversité ethnoculturelle dans le contexte scolaire québécois : Pratiquer le vivre-ensemble
Kanouté, F. et J. Charette (2018, mai)
La force de cet ouvrage réside dans le souci de traiter des enjeux propres à la diversité ethnoculturelle en conjuguant les points de vue de plusieurs acteurs des milieux scolaire et périscolaire – élèves, étudiants, parents, enseignants, gestionnaires et intervenants communautaires. Il brosse un portrait nuancé de la situation actuelle et ses auteures, spécialistes des questions de diversité, d’équité et d’inclusion, présentent des analyses documentées et solides sur les conditions mises en place pour favoriser l’épanouissement des élèves issus de l’immigration, dans la perspective fondamentale du vivre-ensemble. L’ouvrage met en lumière des aspects importants de ces enjeux : le vécu migratoire des jeunes, leur construction identitaire ; les relations entre les élèves, les enseignants, les parents et les intervenants communautaires, ainsi que les perceptions de chaque groupe d’acteurs ; les approches pour promouvoir la réussite scolaire et consolider le sentiment d’appartenance. Il présente des pistes d’action pour améliorer ou transformer les pratiques, inspirer les politiques et contribuer à la formation de ceux et celles qui travaillent dans les écoles et auprès des familles.
Clinique Mauve
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METISS
CoVivre Program
Winter 2022 Vaccine Hesitancy Addendum Addendum for Professionals Webinar on the Addendum (French only, available as of March 10th, 2022) Parental Decision-Making Support Tools for the Immunization of 5-11 year olds Tool for Parents Available in 17 languages Tool for Intervention Workers Tools to Address Vaccine Tension in Different Settings Tools Created by the Canadian Red […]
Femmes et subjectivations musulmanes: prolegomenes
Femmes et subjectivations musulmanes
Research on climate change, health inequities, and migration in the Caribbean
Intervention en contexte de radicalisation menant à la violence: une approche clinique multidisciplinaire
Ben-Cheikh, I.; Rousseau, C.; Hassan, G.; Brami, M.; Hernandez, S.; Rivest, M-H. (2018)
Ce manuscrit propose une première description d’un travail clinique spécialisé au regard de la radicalisation menant à la violence au Canada. Une équipe clinique multidisciplinaire rattachée à un programme de santé mentale et de soins de première ligne à Montréal offre depuis juillet 2016 un service de consultation spécialisée pour soutenir des partenaires sur l’ensemble du territoire du Québec. Cet article décrit l’approche de l’équipe, l’organisation de l’offre de service et documente à travers des vignettes cliniques les principales catégories de problèmes sociaux et cliniques pour lesquels l’équipe fut sollicitée durant sa première année de fonctionnement. Nos observations préliminaires confirment la pertinence d’une évaluation pluridisciplinaire fondée sur une approche systémique du phénomène de la radicalisation violente, pour appréhender les différents facteurs sociaux, familiaux et individuels qui influencent les manifestations de ce phénomène, et déterminer la nature des interventions psychosociales et/ou psychiatriques pertinentes. La présentation des cas cliniques propose aux intervenants sociaux, communautaires et en santé mentale des pistes d’intervention et une compréhension du phénomène de radicalisation violente tel qu’il se présente dans les réseaux de la santé, de la protection de la jeunesse et de l’éducation au Québec.
Migrants in Vulnerable Situations’ and the Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration
Atak, I.; Nakache, D.; Guild, E.; Crépeau, F. (2018)
This Working Paper examines the concept of the vulnerability of migrants which has become a key term in the UN’s negotiations for a Global Compact on Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. The authors argue that the concept must be interpreted inclusively and related to the human rights obligations of states through the UN conventions. All too often migrants are vulnerable because of state action. States must ensure that they deliver on their human rights obligations in ways which reduce the vulnerability of migrants.
L’interprétariat en tant que mode d’intervention en santé et en services sociaux
Briand-Lamarche, M.; Maltais, C.; Guériton, M. (2017)
Mener des groupes de parole en contexte scolaire. Guide pour les enseignants et les professionnels
Papazian-Zohrabian, G.; Lemire, V.; Mamprin, C.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Aoun, R. (2017)
Faire entrer le plurilinguisme dans les équipes cliniques. Les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien-usager constructive
Leanza, Y. (2017)
À partir du cadre théorique de la niche d’activité professionnelle et d’études effectuées au Québec, un portrait des pratiques et représentations du travail avec interprètes dans les soins est dressé. Ce portrait est d’abord fait pour les contextes non sensibles aux dimensions linguistiques et culturelles des soins. Il est ensuite dépeint plus en détail avec deux études menées en contextes sensibles. Cette comparaison permet de mettre en évidence les niveaux de contexte qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte pour l’intégration des interprètes dans les équipes de soins et pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien de qualité : politique, institutionnelle (qui inclut les dimensions structurelle et collaborative), de formation et déontologique. Pour chacun d’eux, les conditions idéales pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien-usager constructive sont décrites.