Transnational prenatal care among migrant women from low-and-middle-income countries who gave birth in Montreal, Canada
Merry, L., Kim, Y. N., Urquia, M. L., Goulet, J., Villadsen, S. F., & Gagnon, A.Lisa Merry (2023, avril)
Abstract
Objectives
There is little research examining transnational prenatal care (TPC) (i.e., prenatal care in more than one country) among migrant women. Using data from the Migrant-Friendly Maternity Care (MFMC) – Montreal project, we aimed to: (1) Estimate the prevalence of TPC, including TPC-arrived during pregnancy and TPC-arrived pre-pregnancy, among recently-arrived migrant women from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) who gave birth in Montreal, Canada; (2) Describe and compare the socio-demographic, migration and health profiles and perceptions of care during pregnancy in Canada between these two groups and migrant women who received no TPC (i.e., only received prenatal care in Canada); and (3) Identify predictors of TPC-arrived pre-pregnancy vs. No-TPC.
Methods
The MFMC study used a cross-sectional design. Data were gathered from recently-arrived (< 8 years) migrant women from LMICs via medical record review and interview-administration of the MFMC questionnaire postpartum during the period of March 2014-January 2015 in three hospitals, and February-June 2015 in one hospital. We conducted a secondary analysis (n = 2595 women); descriptive analyses (objectives 1 & 2) and multivariable logistic regression (objective 3).
Results
Ten percent of women received TPC; 6% arrived during pregnancy and 4% were in Canada pre-pregnancy. The women who received TPC and arrived during pregnancy were disadvantaged compared to women in the other two groups (TPC-arrived pre-pregnancy and No-TPC women), in terms of income level, migration status, French and English language abilities, access barriers to care and healthcare coverage. However, they also had a higher proportion of economic migrants and they were generally healthier compared to No-TPC women. Predictors of TPC-arrived pre-pregnancy included: ‘Not living with the father of the baby’ (AOR = 4.8, 95%CI 2.4, 9.8), ‘having negative perceptions of pregnancy care in Canada (general experiences)’ (AOR = 1.2, 95%CI 1.1, 1.3) and younger maternal age (AOR = 1.1, 95%CI 1.0, 1.1).
Conclusion
Women with more capacity may self-select to migrate during pregnancy which results in TPC; these women, however, are disadvantaged upon arrival, and may need additional care. Already-migrated women may use TPC due to a need for family and social support and/or because they prefer the healthcare in their home country.
Mobilités transnationales et changement religieux
Mossière, G.Géraldine Mossière (2023, avril)
Cet article traite de la conversion à l’islam comme d’une expérience initiatique qui s’inscrit dans le parcours de mobilité transnationale de jeunes Français séjournant au Québec. En nous appuyant sur des données ethnographiques collectées auprès de jeunes adoptant des croyances et pratiques liées à l’islam, nous montrons que la mobilité physique agit parfois comme un déclencheur pour rendre concrètes une situation et une identification auparavant vécues de façon floue ou non assumée. Cette mobilité s’appuie sur des mythscapes (Bell) c’est-à-dire des représentations spécifiques des pays de départ, des pays visités et des pays de destination nourris de fantasmes, d’exotisme, de désirs mais aussi de mal-être, et de désirs d’un ailleurs. L’étude de quelques cas suggère que ce mouvement participe de l’émergence d’une sous-culture que les jeunes rencontrés décrivent en recourant aux narratifs de l’« inter- » (interreligieux, intersectionnel). Ces vignettes offrent un aperçu des multiples façons dont les jeunes s’approprient les ressources et les outils offerts par la mondialisation en s’attribuant certaines identifications religieuses mobiles.Résumé
Adapting Hospital Work During COVID-19 in Quebec (Canada)
David P. , Gabet, M., Duhoux, A.,Traverson, L., Ridde,V., Zinszer, K. & Gautier, L.Lara Gautier (2023, avril)
ABSTRACT
Among hospital responses to the COVID19 pandemic worldwide, service reorganization and staff reassignment have been some of the most prominent ways of adapting hospital work to the expected influx of patients. In this article, we examine work reorganization induced by the pandemic by identifying the operational strategies implemented by two hospitals and their staff to contend with the crisis and then analyzing the implications of those strategies. We base our description and analysis on two hospital case studies in Quebec. We used a multiple case study approach, wherein each hospital is considered a unique case. In both cases, work adaptation through staff reassignment was one of the critical measures undertaken to ensure absorption of the influx of patients into the hospitals. Our results showed that this general strategy was designed and applied differently in the two cases. More specifically, the reassignment strategies revealed numerous healthcare resource disparities not only between health territories, but also between different types of facilities within those territories. Comparing the two hospitals’ adaptation strategies showed that past reforms in Quebec determined what these reorganizations could achieve, as well as how they would affect workers and the meaning they gave to their work.
KEYWORDS:
Le vécu des parents d’enfants trans et non-binaires au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean : Rapport de recherche
Zoldan, Y., Rambeaud-Collin, D., Bergeron, C., Boulianne, N. et Desmarais, F.Yann Zoldan (2023, avril)
Le rapport présente notre recherche sur l’expérience des parents d’enfants trans ou non-binaires dans la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. La méthodologie utilisée est qualitative et phénoménologique, entretiens et analyses herméneutiques contextuelles critiques. Nous avons rencontré quinze parents de la région. Les résultats ont montré que les parents ont vécu un stress parental accru lié à la transphobie, aux normes de binarité de genre et à la cisnormativité, mais aussi en raison de l’absence de services adaptés pour répondre à leurs besoins d’information, de soutien, notamment psychologiques et de soins trans affirmatifs pour leurs enfants. Les résultats décrivent plusieurs dynamiques psychologiques : un choc initial lié au coming out, vécu par les parents et pouvant affecter leur capacité de mentalisation, entraînant parfois des difficultés sur le moment à comprendre, à maintenir une relation et à réagir de manière ajustée à la situation. Les résultats ont également montré des temporalités et des rythmes dysharmoniques entre parents et enfants ainsi que la nécessité de négocier une temporalité et une expérience commune. Les facteurs concomitants majorant le stress parental présents dans cette recherche incluent les inégalités économiques, la présence de trauma dans l’histoire familiale et les troubles de santé mentale au sein de la famille. Le rapport met en évidence la richesse des expériences parentales et l’importance de respecter leur caractère unique. Le rapport propose des recommandations pour les parents, les professionnel·le·s de la santé et pour promouvoir l’inclusivité dans la société.
Expérience des réfugiés, demandeurs d’asile et migrants sans statut et offre de services de santé et sociaux pendant la pandémie au Québec
Gautier, L., Bentayeb, N., Cleveland J., Hanley, J., Cloos, P., Gagnon, M. et Dufour, A.Lara Gautier, Naïma Bentayeb, Janet Cleveland, Jill Hanley, Patrick Cloos, Mélanie M. Gagnon, Andréanne Dufour (2022, avril)
Nos membres Naïma Bentayeb et Lara Gautier sont les responsables du dernier numéro de la revue Alterstice sous le thème “Expérience des réfugiés, demandeurs d’asile et migrants sans statut et offre de services de santé et sociaux pendant la pandémie au Québec”.
Plusieurs autres membres de SHERPA ont contribué à ce numéro dont Janet Cleveland, Jill Hanley, Patrick Cloos, Mélanie M. Gagnon et Andréanne Dufour, membre de notre équipe.
Attributes and Organizational Factors that Enabled Innovation in Health Care Service Delivery during the COVID-19 Pandemic – Case Studies from Brazil, Canada and Japan
Honda, A., de Araujo Oliveira, S. R., Ridde, V., Zinszer, K., & Gautier, L. Lara Gautier (2023, avril)
ABSTRACT
Innovation by health service organizations can enable adaptation to and transformation of challenges caused by health shocks. Drawing on results from case studies in Brazil, Canada, and Japan, this study looked at innovations the study hospitals introduced in response to challenges caused by COVID-19 to identify: 1) attributes of the innovations that make them conducive to adoption; and 2) organizational factors that facilitate the creation and implementation of innovative health care approaches during health system shocks. Qualitative information was gathered using key informant interviews, participatory observations at the study hospitals and a review of relevant documentation. A thematic approach was used for analysis, and a cross-country comparison framework was prepared to synthesize findings from the case studies in the three countries. In response to the disruptions caused by COVID-19, the study hospitals undertook innovative changes in services, processes, organizational structures, and operational policy. The driving force behind the innovations was the need and urgency generated by the unprecedented nature of the pandemic. With COVID-19, if an innovation met the perceived needs of hospitals and provided an operational advantage, some level of complexity in the implementation appeared to be acceptable. The study findings suggest that for hospitals to create and implement innovations in response to health shocks, they need to: have adaptive and flexible organizational structures; build and maintain functioning communication systems; have committed leadership; ensure all staff share an understanding of hospital organizational and professional missions; and establish social networks that facilitate the creation and implementation of new ideas.
How Did an Integrated Health and Social Services Center in the Quebec Province Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Qualitative Case Study
Gabet, M., Duhoux, A., Ridde, V., Zinszer, K., Gautier, L., & David, P.-M. Lara Gautier (2023, mars)
ABSTRACT
During the first and second waves of the pandemic, Quebec was among the Canadian provinces with the highest COVID-19 mortality rates. Facing particularly large COVID-19 outbreaks in its facilities, an integrated health and social services center in the province of Quebec (Canada), developed resilience strategies. To explore these diverse responses to the crisis, we conducted a case study analysis of a Quebec integrated health and social services center, building on a conceptualization of resilience strategies using “configurations” of effects, strategies, and impacts. Qualitative data from 14 indepth interviews conducted in the summer and fall of 2020 with managers and frontline practitioners were analyzed through the lens of situations of “anticipation,” “reaction,” or “inaction.” The findings were discussed in three results dissemination workshops, two with practitioners and one with managers, to discern lessons they learned. Three major configurations emerged: 1) reorganization of services and spaces to accommodate more COVID-19 patients; 2) management of contamination risks for patients and professionals; and 3) management of personal protective equipment (PPE), supplies, and medications. Within these configurations, the responses to the crisis were strongly shaped by the 2015 health care system reforms in Quebec and were constrained by organizational challenges that included a centralized model of governance, a history of substantial budget cuts to longterm care facilities, and a systematic lack of human resources.
Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Preschool-Aged Children from Migrant and Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Contexts
Woronko, C., Merry, L., Uckun, S., Cuerrier, A., Li, P., Hille, J., & Van Hulst, A.Lisa Merry (2023, mars)
Among migrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool-aged children followed in a community-based social perinatal primary care centre in Montreal, Canada, we estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and identify determinants of body mass index z-score (zBMI) at 4-5 years old. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records of 275 child-mother dyads followed from birth to 4-5 years. Anthropometric measures and established maternal, perinatal and child risk factors for childhood obesity were examined. Age- and sex-specific zBMI at 4-5-year were computed and categorized according to WHO standards. Linear regression with model averaging was used to identify early life factors associated with zBMI. At 4-5 years, children’s weight status was classified as underweight (1.5%), normal weight (69.7%), at-risk-of-overweight (19.2%), overweight (6.9%), and obesity (2.7%). Primiparity (0.51, 95% CI 0.24; 0.78), higher birthweight (1.04, 95% CI 0.70; 1.37), accelerated weight gain in the first year of life (0.21, 95% CI 0.13; 0.31), and introduction to solid foods before 6 months (0.89, 95% CI 0.42; 1.36) were associated with higher zBMIs, while less than high school education (-0.50, 95% CI -0.95; -0.05) and higher gestational age (-0.14, 95% CI -0.21; -0.05) were associated with lower zBMI at 4-5 years. Overweight/obesity is prevalent among preschool-aged children from migrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts and is associated with known risk factors. Community-based social perinatal care provided early in life could support healthy weight gain among children living in contexts of vulnerability. Future research identifying underlying mechanisms is needed.
Note:
Funding Declaration: We would like to acknowledge the support of Manon Lapierre, Director of Operations at La Maison Bleue, towards the realisation of this project. Additionally, we recognize the support provided to C.Woronko by the Ordre des infirmières et infirmiers du Québec Bourses de fin d’études à la maîtrise – 2021-2022. A Cuerrier acknowledges the support provided by the Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, for the Student Research Support received. L Merry, P Li and A Van Hulst acknowledge the support received through Fonds de la recherche du Québec en santé Research Salary Awards.
Protection de travailleuses migrantes et précaires contre le harcèlement sexuel et les agressions sexuelles en milieu de travail AVIS AU COMITÉ D’EXPERTES, HARCÈLEMENT ET AGRESSION SEXUELLE
Groupe de travail sur les travailleurs (im)migrants : Sonia Ben Soltane, Marie-Jeanne Blain, Daniel Côté, Jill Hanley, Mostafa Henaway, Rabih Jamil, Jacques Rhéaume, Manuel Salamanca Cardona, Cheolki YoonJill Hanley, Sonia Ben Soltane, Daniel Côté, Jacques Rhéaume (2023, mars)
Combien de temps ça prend à un immigrant pour apprendre le français?
Papazian-Zohrabien. Métro. 25 mars 2023. Lire >>
L’intervention par l’art et le jeu pour reconnecter avec son pays d’origine et faire sens de son expérience : illustrations des programmes d’expression créatrice
Caroline Beauregard, professeure, Département d’art-thérapie, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue Les enfants immigrants qui quittent leur pays d’origine apportent avec eux des souvenirs de leur vie d’« avant et là-bas » auxquels se mêlent des peurs, des désirs et des rêves qu’ils doivent concilier avec l’expérience de leur vie d’ « après et ici ». […]
9. Islamophobia in the portugese opinion press
Camila Arêas, Alfredo Brant, Ana Flora Machado, Colin Robineau, Helena Cruz Ventura, Abdelwahed Mekki-BerredaAbdelwaheb Mekki-Berreda (2023)
7. The Veil in France: Twenty Years of Media Coverage (1989–2010)
Camila Arêas, Abdelwaheb Mekki-BerradaAbdelwaheb Mekki-Berreda (2023)
6. Islamophobia in the Media in the Province of Québec, Canada: A Corpus-Assisted Critical Discourse Analysis. In Islamophobia as a Form of Radicalisation: Perspectives on Media
Vivek Venkatesh, Abdelwaheb Mekki-Berrada, Jihène Hichri, Rawda Harb, Ashley MontgomeryAbdelwaheb Mekki-Berreda (2023)
4. The Political and Intellectual Discourse on Islam and Muslims in Flanders
Alexandre Van Leuven, Stefan Mertens, Leen d'Haenens, Abdelwahed Mekki-Berrada Abdelwaheb Mekki-Berreda (2023)
14. Muslim Communities and the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Complex Faces of Protection
Salam El-Majzoub, Anabelle Vanier-Clément et Cécile RousseauCécile Rousseau (2023)
Islamophobia as a Form of Radicalisation: Perspectives on Media, Academia and Socio-political Scapes from Europe and Canada
d’Haenens, L, Mekki-Berrada, A.Abdelwaheb Mekki-Berreda (2023)
Community-led initiatives bridging the gap to provide linguistically and culturally tailored health and social services in Parc-Extension, Montréal
Senga, J., Moidu, N., Parvez, M., Bui, T., & Banerjee, A. (2023, mars)
Abstract
Background: Parc-Extension (PE) has the greatest immigrant population in Montréal. PE had a lower proportion of vaccinations compared to the rest of Montreal (19.9% vs 30.8%), during Québec’s first rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. By August 2021 PE’s proportion of first dose vaccinations surpassed Montreal’s (77.9% vs 74%). This is attributable to building vaccine acceptance through community-led strategies that addressed social determinants of health (SDOH) impacting immigrant and asylum seeker communities.
Objective: To examine the perspectives of PE residents around how SDOH influence their access to health and social services, including COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with PE residents to explore which SDOH contributed to the accessibility to health and social services during all waves of the pandemic to date. The interviews were recorded and transcribed using Otter.ai and HappyScribe for English and French transcripts, respectively. We performed thematic content analysis. Coding was done by three co-authors and discrepancies were resolved during analysis meetings with all study authors.
Results: We conducted 47 interviews (French: 27, English: 17, Urdu: 3) between June and October 2022. Three themes were identified: inadequate governmental support for immigrants and asylum seekers exacerbate SDOH; language barriers influence care; and inaccessibility to healthcare providers creates a “clinical desert”.
Discussion: Due to inadequate support at the governmental level, there is an unjust burden placed on PE community organizations to ensure that PE residents are receiving appropriate care. Improving access to services amongst immigrant groups requires consideration of SDOH and fostering trusting partnerships between governments and community organizations.
La normalisation de la spiritualité dans le contexte de l’humanisation du soin
Mossière, G. Géraldine Mossière (2023, mars)
The normalization of spirituality and the humanization of care: the case of spiritual care workers in Quebec healthcare settings
Using a mixed-method approach that combines primary sources with empirical data that I have been collecting extensively among spiritual care providers since 2012, I present the conditions of the emergence of this profession in healthcare settings. As a new figure of care, spiritual healthcare offers a fertile laboratory with which to better grasp the mechanics of the fluctuating reality of contemporary spirituality. I show how the vision of (spiritual) care is normalized in healthcare settings, and I argue that the concept of spirituality draws on a conception of caring that is framed as a form of a humanism that unfolds and is realized in the encounter with and accompaniment of the Other. At the same time, this view of spirituality celebrates a contemporary version of a natural and universal representation of religion.
“It felt like building a plane while in flight”: the consideration of social inequalities in the design and planning of a contact-tracing intervention for COVID-19 in Montreal, Quebec
Beaujoin, C., Gautier, L., Gagnon-Dufresne, Marie-Catherine, Mikanagu, Rachel, Savard-Lamothe, Ashley, Cloos, P., Ridde, Valery, & Zinszer, KatieLara Gautier (2023, mars)
Abstract
Objective
In Canada and globally, the COVID-19 pandemic has increased social inequalities in health (SIH), furthering the vulnerability of certain groups and communities. Contact-tracing is a cornerstone intervention with COVID-19 prevention and control programs. The aim of this study was to describe whether and how SIH were considered during the design of the COVID-19 contact-tracing intervention in Montreal.
Methods
This study is part of the multi-country research program HoSPiCOVID, looking at the resilience of public health systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. A descriptive qualitative study was carried out in Montreal, based on a “bricolage” conceptual framework describing the consideration for SIH in intervention and policy design. Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 16 public health practitioners, recruited using both purposive and snowball sampling. Data were analyzed thematically, both inductively and deductively.
Results
According to participants, SIH were not initially considered during the design of the contract-tracing intervention in Montreal. The participants were frustrated by the Minister of Health’s initial resistance to integrating SIH into their public health response. However, adaptations were gradually made to better meet the needs of underserved populations.
Conclusion
There is a need for a clear and common vision of SIH within the public health system. Decision-makers need to consider SIH prior to designing public health interventions in order for these not to further increase SIH in the future, especially in the face of a health crisis.
Comprendre : La vie de migrant
François Crépeau. La presse. 12 Mars 2023. Lire >>
“Between the self and the other”: clinical presentation of male supremacy in violent extremists
Frounfelker, R. L., Johnson-Lafleur, J., Grenier, C. M., Duriesmith, D., Rousseau, C.Janique Johnson-Lafleur, Cécile Rousseau (2023, mars)
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the relationship between gender and violent extremism (VE) among individuals engaged in VE clinical services in Montreal, Quebec (Canada). We use mixed methods to understand the experiences and characteristics of individuals who express support for male supremacist ideologies. Study participants include 86 patients enrolled in VE clinical services and 7 clinical practitioners providing services. We conduct a retrospective chart review to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of male supremacists. A focus group was conducted with members of the clinical team. Integrating quantitative and qualitative findings provides an opportunity to draw meta-inferences on male supremacist violent extremists, including a typology of the phenomena as well as clinical characteristics and social dynamics. Clinicians articulated that many of the harmful attitudes and beliefs of male supremacists were not marginal, but rather reflected in everyday forms of misogyny, homophobia, and transphobia that were activated by their personal experiences. Our findings suggest the importance of clinicians remaining attentive to the underlying gendered grievances which shape a range of extremist beliefs. Finally, we explore the value of training practitioners who work on VE on diverse domains of gendered violence which may intersect with VE participation.
How to prevent equity efforts from losing steam in global health academia
Bandara, S., Banerjee, A.Ananya Banerjee (2023, mars)
In the wake of the killing of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, there was a strong call to action, first in North America and then globally, to tackle racism and promote racial justice . Many universities created “equity, diversity, inclusion, anti-racism (EDI-AR)” task forces and other mechanisms with goals of transforming institutions entrenched in histories of colonialism and white supremacy. Concurrently, decolonizing global health movements have been gaining momentum asking all stakeholders including academic institutes to advance equity and dismantle systemic forms of oppression .
Often equity efforts initiated during watershed moments face the challenge of losing team. The crescendos and unavoidable reckoning with every individual’s relationship to structural injustices ultimately dwindle and the status quo in academia continues to instill ingrained systems of discrimination. Deliberate equity building in academia including decolonizing curricula and institutional practices are also highly relevant to addressing structural fault lines in global health governing models, implementation practices and research partnerships . Lessons from failures in Covid-19 pandemic and climate crisis highlight the urgency to better equip students and faculty to lead equity centered approaches.
In this essay, we highlight six key considerations that senior leadership and community at large within high income country (HIC) global health academic institutions need to be mindful to successfully embed equity efforts into the fabric of their foundation. While our experiences as authors stem largely from our engagement in global health academia, the following reflections cut across disciplines.
Measuring the Optimal Time Interval Between Arrival and First Mental Health Evaluation’s for Refugees in Québec: A Scoping Review
Maillet, L., Goudet, A., Godbout, I., Ntanda, G. M., Laliberté, G., Desjardins, F., ... & Manceau, L. M.Gisèle Mandiangu Ntanda (2023, mars)
The unsanitary other and racism during the pandemic: analysis of purity discourses on social media in India, France and United States of America during the COVID-19 pandemic
Desmarais, C., Roy, M., Nguyen, M. T., Venkatesh, V., & Rousseau, C. Cécile Rousseau (2023, mars)
The global rise of populism and concomitant polarizations across disenfranchised and marginalized groups has been magnified by so-called echo chambers, and a major public health crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic has only served to fuel these intergroup tensions. Media institutions disseminating information on ways to prevent the propagation of the virus have reactivated a specific discursive phenomenon previously observed in many epidemics: the construction of a defiled ‘Other’. With anthropological lenses, discourse on defilement is an interesting path to understand the continuous emergence of pseudo-scientific forms of racism. In this paper, the authors focus on ‘borderline racism’, that is the use of an institutionally ‘impartial’ discourse to reaffirm the inferiority of another race. The authors employed inductive thematic analysis of 1200 social media comments reacting to articles and videos published by six media in three different countries (France, United States and India). Results delineate four major themes structuring defilement discourses: food (and the relationship to animals), religion, nationalism and gender. Media articles and videos portrayed Western and Eastern countries through contrasting images and elicited a range of reaction in readers and viewers. The discussion reflects on how borderline racism can be an appropriate concept to understand the appearance of hygienic othering of specific subgroups on social media. Theoretical implications and recommendations on a more culturally sensitive approach of media coverage of epidemics and pandemics are discussed.
THE VOICES OF NGOS Demand and Supply for Protection Services for Victims of Trafficking
Oxman-Martinez, J., Hanley, J., Lacroix, M.,Jill Hanley (2023, mars)
This chapter, based on results from a qualitative research project commissioned by the Canadian Department of Justice, analyzes the availability of protection services for victims of trafficking in persons in Canada from the perspective of demand and supply.1 A first objective is to identify and highlight discrepancies between the “demand” for victim protection services versus the “supply” of community-based services. A second objective is to determine the root causes of these discrepancies. The voices of the NGOs who participated in the project will illustrate these dynamics. Policy recommendations to correct the imbalances between victims’ needs for services and NGOs’ ability to provide those services will conclude the chapter. 1. Despite the convention which usually places the word supply first when referring to supply and demand, the authors choose to inverse the terms in order to emphasize the demand aspect.
An overview of the phenomenon of human trafficking will situate the Canadian experience within an international context and the evolution of awareness and debates around trafficking among Canadian academics, policymakers and practitioners will be discussed. A brief description of the research project on which this chapter is based will be offered. The authors will specify the methodology applied and the results will be presented, discussing how the theory of demand and supply can be used to understand the dynamics surrounding community-based services for trafficking victims. The voices of NGOs, expressed through interview data, will illustrate the “demand” for services in terms of the needs of victims NGOs encounter and the “supply” of such services by community-based actors. An analysis of the gaps that exist between the demand and supply of services will precede the final section where policy recommendations will be offered to diminish the gaps in the hopes of better respecting the human rights of the victims of human trafficking.
Violent Radicalization, Mental Health, and Gender Identity Considerations for Future Research
Li, Z. Y., Frounfelker, R. L., Miconi, D., Levinsson, A., & Rousseau, C.Cécile Rousseau (2023, mars)
This study examines the association between gender identity, mental health, social adversity, and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR). Data were collected through an online survey in Canada. A total of 6003 eligible participants who were residents of Montreal, Toronto, Calgary, or Edmonton and aged from 18 to 35 years were included. We used Fisher exact test to assess gender differences in gender-based discrimination and we used analysis of variance tests to assess differences in scores on bullying, mental health, and sympathy for VR. We used linear regression to assess the relationship between mental health, social adversities, and sympathy for VR. Individuals who self-identified as trans and gender diverse had greater sympathy for VR than females did, experienced online victimization more frequently, and reported higher levels of psychological distress than both male and female participants. Our findings indicate that more research is needed on the association between social adversity and support for VR among this vulnerable population.
La maladie mentale et la folie : représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale à Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)
Pigeon-Gagné, É., Hassan, G., Yaogo, M., Saïas, T., & Ouedraogo, D. Émilie Pigeon-Gagné, Ghayda Hassan (2023, mars)
Dans un contexte où les inégalités d’accès aux soins psychiatriques sont de plus en plus reconnues comme un enjeu préoccupant de santé publique dans les pays de la région subsaharienne, et alors que les représentations sociales associées aux troubles mentaux exercent une influence notable sur cet accès aux soins, celles-ci ont suscité jusqu’à présent peu de travaux. Dans cet article, nous appréhendons les entités nosologiques populaires et leurs principales caractéristiques en milieu urbain au Burkina Faso. Pour ce faire, 7 groupes de discussion et 16 entretiens individuels ont été menés auprès de différents acteurs dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso. Une analyse thématique a permis d’identifier deux entités nosologiques populaires. Le terme Kougolobana renvoie à une altération du cerveau associée à l’envoûtement par des entités surnaturelles et s’exprime sporadiquement ; alors que le terme Fatoya renvoie à une condition incurable causée par la commission d’actes transgressifs de différentes natures. Nos résultats mettent en lumière l’influence mutuelle des registres traditionnels et biopsychosociaux dans la construction de ces entités nosologiques. Ces résultats permettent d’amorcer une réflexion sur la place centrale qu’occupe la notion de transgression dans les représentations sociales des troubles de santé mentale dans la ville de Bobo-Dioulasso.
Haitian community group’s program helps hundreds of Montreal children stay out of youth protection
Alicia Boatswain-Kyte. CBC Montreal. 22 février 2023 Lire >>
En terrain glissant : enseigner les thèmes sensibles en contexte éducatif postsecondaire
Hirsch, S.; Moisan, S.; Audet, G.Geneviève Audet (2023, février)
Factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of type 2 diabetes among Sub-Saharan Africa migrants: A scoping review protocol
Ntanda, G. M., Sia, D., Beogo, I., Baillot, A., & Tchouaket, E. N. Gisèle Mandiangu Ntanda, Drissa Sia (2023, février)
Background: The number of people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide. The prevalence rate of this disease is generally higher in the migrant population compared to the general population. However significant inequalities in the prevalence of T2D are notable between and within migrant populations. Among them, migrants from sub-Saharan Africa, South America and South Asia are more affected than those of European origin. The act of eating and the corporality play an essential role in the development of this disease. Dietary and body norms systems favorable to the prevention and control of type 2 go against what is vital for most of these people, exposing them to conflicts of norms that are difficult to reconcile.
Objectif: to identify factors that may influence the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norm systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D by Sub-Saharan Africa migrants living with T2D.
Materials and methods: Scoping review according to the steps described by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will be conducted. An electronic search of studies from 2011 to 2022, published English, Italian, French or in Portuguese will be conducted in eight databases (CINAHL, Cochrane library, Embase, Google Scholar, PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences). The grey literature including publication in Open Grey database and Website of non-governmental organizations working on migrant from Sub-Saharan Africa will be searched. All articles related to body norms, dietary behaviors, or determinants of body behaviors and dietary of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and those related to factors that influence acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norms systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D among the migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa living with T2D or at risk to develop this disease will be included. This scoping review will be reported following the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for interventional Trials (SPIRIT) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results: The results will focus on factors influencing the acceptance or rejection of dietary and body norms systems favorable to the prevention and control of T2D among the migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa living with T2D or at risk to develop it.
Considering social inequalities in health in COVID-19 response: insights from a French case study
Richard, Z., Chabrol, F., Gautier, L., Zinszer, K., & Ridde, V. (2023, février)
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the impact of social inequalities in health (SIH). Various studies have shown significant inequalities in mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 and the influence of social determinants of health. The objective of this qualitative case study was to analyze the consideration of SIH in the design of two key COVID-19 prevention and control interventions in France: testing and contact tracing. Interviews were conducted with 36 key informants involved in the design of the intervention and/or the government response to the pandemic as well as relevant documents (n = 15) were reviewed. We applied data triangulation and a hybrid deductive and inductive analysis to analyze the data. Findings revealed the divergent understandings and perspectives about SIH, as well as the challenges associated with consideration for these at the beginning stages of the pandemic. Despite a shared concern for SIH between the participants, an epidemiological frame of reference dominated the design of the intervention. It resulted in a model in which consideration for SIH appeared as a complement, with a clinical goal of the intervention: breaking the chain of COVID-19 transmission. Although the COVID-19 health crisis highlighted the importance of SIH, it did not appear to be an opportunity to further their consideration in response efforts. This article provides original insights into consideration for SIH in the design of testing and contact-tracing interventions based upon a qualitative investigation.
Evaluating the implementation of a referral system for virtual pharmacy counselling in a province-wide nurse phone line
Motulsky, A., Gautier, L., Moreault, M., Badr, J., Liang, M. Q., Davy, A., Duhoux, A., & Lussier, M. Lara Gautier (2023, janvier)
Digital technology offers several opportunities to improve access to professional expertise in primary care, and the offer of various “virtual” services has exploded in the past few years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of a direct-to-consumer on-line pharmacy consultation service (Ask Your Pharmacist – AYP) to a universal phone consultation service led by the universal public health system in Quebec (811 Info-Santé), through a direct bridge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinician users of the service, and stakeholders involved in this pilot project funded by the Ministry of Economy (n = 22); documents were also analyzed, and content of the question was asked through the AYP service. Adoption of the service was low, and it suggests a poor alignment between the need and the service as implemented. Further research should investigate the mechanisms for an appropriate integration of digital services for primary care universal consultation services.
Education as a protective factor for mental health risks among youth living in highly dangerous regions in Afghanistan
Kovess-Masfety, V., Frounfelker, R.L., Keyes, K., Rousseau, C. Cécile Rousseau (2023, janvier)
Background
Children in Afghanistan live in dangerous areas, and have been exposed to traumatic events and chaotic education. Progress has been made on access to education for girls who were the most affected by traditional attitudes against engagement in education.
Objectives
The objectives were to evaluate the mental health of Afghan children living in regions of conflict and the association of mental health with school attendance for girls and boys.
Method
The study included 2707 school aged children in eight regions of Afghanistan (16 provinces) residing in households recruited through a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling strategy in 2017. The level of terrorist threat was evaluated by the intensity of terrorist attacks recorded that year in each province. Child mental health was assessed with the parental report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) along with information on school attendance, sociodemographic characteristics and geographic location.
Results
A total of 52.75% of children had scores above threshold for the SDQ total difficulties score, 39.19% for emotional difficulties, 51.98% for conduct challenges, and 15.37% for hyperactivity/inattention. Peer relationship problems were high (82.86%) and 12.38% reported that these problems impacted daily life. The level of terrorist threat was associated with SDQ total difficulties (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 4.08, P < 0.0001), with youth in regions with high levels of terrorist threat more likely to have problems than youth in regions with low or medium levels of danger, independent of region and ethnicity. School attendance was negatively associated with emotional symptoms (AOR = 0.65, P < 0.0001) and mental health difficulties with impairment (AOR = 0.67, P = 0.007), but positively associated with peer relationships difficulties (AOR = 1.96, P > 0.0001). Conduct (AOR = 1.66, P < .0001) and SDQ total difficulties (AOR = 1.22, P = 0.019) were higher among boys. Overall, gender did not modify the relationship between school attendance and child mental health.
Conclusion
Attending school is essential for children’s mental health, across gender, and should be supported as a priority in Afghanistan despite the return of the Taliban.
Social representations of mental illness and madness in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)
Pigeon-Gagné, É., Hassan, G., Yaogo, M., Saïas, T., & Ouedraogo, D.Émilie Pigeon-Gagné, Ghayda Hassan (2023, janvier)
Inequalities in access to psychiatric care are increasingly recognized as a serious public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. In these countries, little information is available regarding social representations of mental disorders, although these can have a significant influence on access to care. In this article, we examine the popular nosological entities and their characteristics in urban Burkina Faso. To do so, 7 focus groups and 16 individual interviews were conducted with various actors in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso. A thematic analysis revealed two popular nosological entities. The term Kougolobana refers to an alteration of the brain associated with bewitchment by supernatural entities and is expressed sporadically; whereas the term Fatoya refers to an incurable condition caused by the commission of transgressive acts of various kinds. Our results highlight the mutual influence of traditional and bio-psycho-social registers in the construction of these nosological entities. These results allow us to reflect on the centrality of the notion of transgression in the social representations of mental health disorders in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso.
Représentation culturelle de la dépression et du suicide chez les Francophones ouest-africains du Québec et de Côte d’Ivoire
N’Goran, N. & Zoldan, Y. Yann Zoldan (2023, janvier)
Les troubles mentaux et plus largement les souffrances psychologiques et sociales sont aujourd’hui un des problèmes majeurs de santé dans le monde. Au regard de la charge mondiale causée par ces troubles, l’Assemblée mondiale de la Santé a adopté en mai 2012 une résolution préconisant une réponse globale coordonnée au niveau des pays pour répondre aux besoins de prise en charge des troubles mentaux. Ainsi, dans la perspective d’une recherche visant à améliorer la santé mentale et parvenir à promouvoir la santé pour tous (Patel & Prince, 2010), la présente étude s’intéresse à comprendre les représentations sociales et culturelles de la santé et de la maladie mentale, à la lumière de la dépression et du suicide en contexte africain.
2La dépression est classée comme un trouble mental courant présent à travers le monde et les cultures sous différentes manifestations (Bellanger et al., 2001). La dépression est une affection fréquente dans le monde qui touche environ 322 millions de personnes soit environ 4.4 % de la population mondiale (OMS, 2015). Le nombre total de personnes vivant avec la dépression a augmenté de 18,4 % entre 2005 et 2015. Elle est souvent décrite comme se caractérisant par une tristesse, une perte d’intérêt ou de plaisir, des sentiments de culpabilité ou de dévalorisation de soi, un sommeil ou un appétit perturbé, une certaine fatigue et des problèmes de concentration. La dépression peut perdurer ou devenir récurrente, entravant ainsi de façon substantielle l’aptitude d’un individu à fonctionner au travail ou à l’école ou à faire face à sa vie quotidienne. Elle peut également dans certains cas conduire au suicide (OMS, 2020).
3La dépression affecte outre l’individu atteint, son entourage, et représente également un lourd fardeau social et économique. Dans sa publication « Dépression : parlons-en » de mars 2017, l’OMS met en avant non seulement la souffrance des personnes atteintes de maladies mentales, mais également le coût socio-économique important de ces maladies. En effet, selon ce rapport, la perte économique mondiale relative au manque de reconnaissance et d’accès aux soins en cas de dépression ou autres troubles mentaux comme l’anxiété se chiffrerait à 1 000 milliards de dollars américains par an. Ce fardeau, pesant sur les familles, les employeurs et les gouvernements. En raison de son impact sur le fonctionnement humain et de sa propension croissante actuelle, la dépression se présente comme la première cause d’incapacité dans le monde (OMS, 2020).
4Selon la forme, la dépression peut être durable ou récurrente. Elle résulte d’interactions complexes entre les facteurs sociaux, psychologiques et biologiques. La forme majeure de dépression fortement corrélée au risque de suicide est la dépression durable (Shea et al., 2008). De plus, la dépression et l’anxiété semblent être des facteurs de risque pour le suicide en association avec des facteurs individuels et contextuels (Turecki & Brent, 2016).
5Les dépressions majeures, les addictions, la schizophrénie, les troubles bipolaires et les personnes souffrant de troubles sévères de la personnalité de type état limite sont également à risque d’idées suicidaires et de suicide (Fawcett et al., 1993).
6Le comportement suicidaire associé à la dépression majeure, est souvent conceptualisé le long d’un spectre allant de pensées suicidaires à la tentative de suicide et à la mort, en passant par l’élaboration de projets suicidaires (Findlay, 2017). En 2015, on estime que 788 000 personnes sont décédées dans le monde des suites du suicide ce qui représente 1,5 % de tous les décès, plaçant le suicide au niveau des vingt principales causes de décès. Le taux de suicide varie en fonction de l’âge, du sexe et du niveau socio-économique des régions. Selon les données recueillies par l’OMS, le suicide représente aussi 50 % des morts violentes chez les hommes 71 % chez les femmes et il est la deuxième cause de mortalité chez les 15-29 ans. Dans les pays les plus riches, trois fois plus d’hommes que de femmes décèdent par suicide, contre 1,5 fois dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire. Le suicide prélève ainsi un lourd tribut en vies humaines.
7Diverses études ont traité de la question de la dépression, du suicide et leurs représentations pour les communautés culturelles (Rodiguez et al, 2022). Dans notre étude, nous souhaitons spécifiquement nous intéresser aux représentations sociales associées à la souffrance psychologique, notamment la dépression, afin de soutenir des stratégies de préventions et d’interventions concernant le suicide non stigmatisantes et centrées sur les communautés (Rivera et al., 2021).
8À noter qu’en dépit des avancées scientifiques en matière de traitement des maladies mentales, dans les pays à revenus faible ou intermédiaire, entre 76 % et 85 % des personnes ne bénéficient d’aucun traitement (OMS, 2020). Le manque de ressources, la pénurie de soignants qualifiés, les erreurs de diagnostics, la stigmatisation sociale et le tabou liés aux troubles mentaux sont autant d’obstacles à l’accès et à l’administration de soins efficaces. Ces considérations subjectives pourraient être des indicateurs du comportement des individus, notamment leur choix de solliciter ou non l’aide des spécialistes ou même à commettre des actes comme le suicide.
9Plusieurs auteurs ont proposé une définition du concept des représentations sociales. Toutefois, la définition qui répond le mieux aux besoins de notre étude est celle de Jodelet (1989) qui définit les représentations sociales comme des phénomènes complexes (éléments informatifs, cognitifs, idéologiques, normatifs, croyances, valeurs, attitudes, opinions, images, etc.) organisés sous la forme d’un savoir disant quelque chose sur l’état de la réalité toujours activée et agissant dans la vie. Cette définition prend en considération différents concepts tels que l’environnement social aussi bien que l’aspect comportemental qui en découle.
10Ainsi, notre question de recherche est de savoir si les représentations sociales de la dépression et du suicide exercent une influence sur ceux-ci, le but étant de découvrir les meilleures pratiques de prévention, intervention et postvention.
Les cabinets de conseil privés dans l’action publique contre les épidémies : une revue exploratoire
Gallardo, Lucille, Lara Gautier, Fanny Chabrol, Lola Traverson, Sydia Oliveira, and Valery RiddeLara Gautier (2023, janvier)
Collective case formulation in situations of violent radicalization: A critical perspective in training
Johnson-Lafleur, J., Zoldan, Y., Frounfelker, RL., Rousseau, C. (2023, janvier)
Case formulation is used in clinical training to weave together theoretical perspectives and support a shared plan of action. Although a cornerstone of clinical practice, critical social theorists have highlighted the risks of depoliticizing political struggles and of reifying and fixing subjects when using psychopathology and case formulation to address situations of injustice. In the field of violent radicalization, this risk is increased by the extreme affects evoked by terror in practitioners and in societies. This article explores the challenges of training clinicians in the field of violent radicalization. It does so by analyzing a Community of Practice (CoP) that was developed to support practitioners involved in this domain of practice in Quebec, Canada. Four focus groups with CoP participants and participant observation of nine CoP meetings were conducted. Thematic and narrative analyses were used to explore the training potential of the CoP and to identify the discursive processes and group dynamics associated with this modality. Results indicate that the diversity of professional perspectives and social positionalities in the group plays a central role in helping participants become aware of their biases and in developing more complex understandings of cases and of their social embedding. Results also suggest that the collective holding of risk is key to preserve practitioners’ investment in patients involved with violent radicalization. The sensitive issue of partnership between health and social services and security agencies is also addressed. Results suggest that CoPs with strong leadership allow for experiential training to enhance clinical and critical thinking.
Keywords: case discussions; community of practice; training; violent radicalization.
Collective case formulation in situations of violent radicalization: A critical perspective in training.
Johnson-Lafleur, J., Zoldan, Y., Frounfelker, R. L., & Rousseau, C. (2023, janvier)
Case formulation is used in clinical training to weave together theoretical perspectives and support a shared plan of action. Although a cornerstone of clinical practice, critical social theorists have highlighted the risks of depoliticizing political struggles and of reifying and fixing subjects when using psychopathology and case formulation to address situations of injustice. In the field of violent radicalization, this risk is increased by the extreme affects evoked by terror in practitioners and in societies. This article explores the challenges of training clinicians in the field of violent radicalization. It does so by analyzing a Community of Practice (CoP) that was developed to support practitioners involved in this domain of practice in Quebec, Canada. Four focus groups with CoP participants and participant observation of nine CoP meetings were conducted. Thematic and narrative analyses were used to explore the training potential of the CoP and to identify the discursive processes and group dynamics associated with this modality. Results indicate that the diversity of professional perspectives and social positionalities in the group plays a central role in helping participants become aware of their biases and in developing more complex understandings of cases and of their social embedding. Results also suggest that the collective holding of risk is key to preserve practitioners’ investment in patients involved with violent radicalization. The sensitive issue of partnership between health and social services and security agencies is also addressed. Results suggest that CoPs with strong leadership allow for experiential training to enhance clinical and critical thinking.
Collective case formulation in situations of violent radicalization: A critical perspective in training
Johnson-Lafleur, J., Zoldan, Y.,Frounfelker, R. L., Rousseau, C. Janique Johnson-Lafleur, Yann Zoldan, Cécile Rousseau (2023, janvier)
Case formulation is used in clinical training to weave together theoretical perspectives and support a shared plan of action. Although a cornerstone of clinical practice, critical social theorists have highlighted the risks of depoliticizing political struggles and of reifying and fixing subjects when using psychopathology and case formulation to address situations of injustice. In the field of violent radicalization, this risk is increased by the extreme affects evoked by terror in practitioners and in societies. This article explores the challenges of training clinicians in the field of violent radicalization. It does so by analyzing a Community of Practice (CoP) that was developed to support practitioners involved in this domain of practice in Quebec, Canada. Four focus groups with CoP participants and participant observation of nine CoP meetings were conducted. Thematic and narrative analyses were used to explore the training potential of the CoP and to identify the discursive processes and group dynamics associated with this modality. Results indicate that the diversity of professional perspectives and social positionalities in the group plays a central role in helping participants become aware of their biases and in developing more complex understandings of cases and of their social embedding. Results also suggest that the collective holding of risk is key to preserve practitioners’ investment in patients involved with violent radicalization. The sensitive issue of partnership between health and social services and security agencies is also addressed. Results suggest that CoPs with strong leadership allow for experiential training to enhance clinical and critical thinking.
Composantes clés et conditions de succès de mise en œuvre et d’efficacité des réseaux de services intégrés pour les jeunes de 12 à 25 ans – EN
The implementation of integrated youth services networks (IYSNs) in Quebec and elsewhere in the world demonstrates the desire of decision-makers to respond effectively to the overall health problems of young people aged 12 to 25. The objective of this evaluation was to analyze the implementation context and effectiveness of this model. The evaluation questions focused […]
Developing Intercultural Competence in a Complex Organizational Structure: A Case Study Within Quebec’s Workers’ Compensation Board
Côté, D., Dubé, J. and Sylvie GravelDaniel Côté (2022)
Background: Wanting to offer culturally sensitive services to a diverse population, rehabilitation counsellors employed by a workers’ compensation board (WCB) in a Canadian province asked the researchers to provide them with support to develop their intercultural competencies. A collaborative research design was suggested as a potential way to make full use of experiential knowledge. This article presents an action research approach in which study participants were also active in the development of new knowledge and sought to become key players in organizational change. Objective: The objective of this article is to present the steps involved in the co-construction of an intercultural communication support tool and to describe the mechanisms and structure put in place to develop the tool. Methodology: A working group (WG), a steering committee (SC) and a validation group (VG) were created, and each met on a regular basis over approximately 18 months. Several methodological approaches and data collection tools were used: participant observation charts, diaries, an “intercultural situation” workshops. Results: A total of 28 people participated in the project, in addition to the three researchers. The study showed the importance of integrating three dimensions—the individual, collective, and organizational—into the definition of intercultural competence. It soon became evident in our study that a self-reflection process grounded in a collective learning approach was the core component of the entire process of developing intercultural competencies. This finding went well beyond the production of any materials (practical guides, checklists, and supporting documents) that resulted from this process.
Health outcomes and female genital mutilation/cutting: how much is due to the cutting itself?
Johnson-Agbakwu, C.E., Michlig, G.J., Koukoui, S. et al.Sophia Koukoui (2023, janvier)
Integrating Practice Research into Social Work Field Education in Canada
Sheri M. McConnell, Melissa Noble, Jill Hanley, Vanessa Finley-Roy & Julie DroletJill Hanley (2023, janvier)
Given the increasing value placed on research among social work practitioners, and that field education is primarily responsible for the integration of social work values, knowledge, and practice, it is essential that research skills be incorporated into BSW and MSW field practica. In 2020, a team of faculty co-investigators and students explored the integration of research activities into Canadian BSW and MSW field practica through the review of online field education materials of all accredited programs. We make the argument that not only is it essential for professional social workers to receive training in practice research, but also that there is much room for us to integrate such research into field education. We begin with a review of the literature regarding social work student attitudes toward research, widely known to be hesitant and even hostile, before discussing the limited international literature (English and French) on the experience of integrating research into field education. After describing our methods, we then present our findings in terms of BSW and MSW programs at Canada’s anglophone and francophone universities. We conclude with a discussion of the implications in terms of ways to increase the role of research in field practica.
Impacts globaux de la pandémie chez les enfants et adolescent.e.s québécois.e.s : résultats préliminaires de l’étude réactions
Doucet, S., Gervais, C. et I. Côté (2023)
Dès le début de la pandémie de COVID-19, des études, principalement quantitatives, ont mis en lumière les bouleversements importants vécus par les enfants, adolescent.e.s et leurs familles. En effet, les mesures sanitaires instaurées pour contrer la pandémie (ex.: fermeture des écoles et des services de garde éducatifs) ont transformé le quotidien des jeunes et perturbé le fonctionnement de presque tous les systèmes (ex. : soins de santé, éducation) qui permettent d’assurer le bien-être des individus) (Ellis et al., 2020; Gayatri et Irawaty, 2021; Jiao et al., 2020; O’Reilly et al., 2020; Prime, Wade et Browne, 2020). Si les parents, les chercheur.e.s, les intervenant.e.s et les décideur.e.s sont inquiets des impacts de la pandémie sur les jeunes, on ignore si les jeunes sont aussi inquiets pour eux. elles-mêmes. Normal, puisque peu d’études ont questionné les enfants et les adolescent.e.s sur leurs perceptions des impacts de la pandémie.
Résultats de l’enquête sur la réponse à la pandémie
D’Souza, J., Hanley, J., Preston, V., Seck, M., Shields, J., & Sung, K. (s. d.)Jill Hanley (2023, janvier)
Ce rapport technique documente les résultats d’une enquête menée en 2022 auprès du personnel de première ligne des organismes membres de la TCRI, la Table de concertation des organismes au service des personnes réfugiées et immigrantes. Un sondage auprès des gestionnaires fait l’objet d’un rapport distinct. Le sondage a été réalisé en collaboration avec OCASI, l’Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants, et la TCRI par le biais de Building Migrant Resilience in Cities/ Immigration et résilience en milieu urbain (BMRC-IRMU), un partenariat financé par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines (CRSH). Un groupe de travail sur les services d’accueil des nouveaux arrivants composé de membres de la communauté et d’universitaires du BMRC-IRMU ont aidé à orienter la recherche. L’instrument de sondage a été approuvé par le Comité d’examen des participants humains de l’Université York. Du point de vue des travailleurs de première ligne, le sondage examine les impacts de la COVID-19 sur eux, les clients et les organismes québécois au cours de la période de douze mois suivant la première vague de la pandémie. De nombreuses questions sont similaires à un sondage antérieur mené par OCASI et portant sur la première vague de la pandémie.
Asylum in the twenty-first century
Atak, Idil, and François CrépeauFrançois Crépeau (2022, décembre)
A political practice and institution found in most civilisations throughout history, asylum in the twenty-first century finds itself in a tumultuous period. The 1951 Refugee Convention regime endures, but many States are trying hard to prevent asylum-seekers from reaching their borders. With refugee resettlement stuck at one per cent of the needs, it is no wonder that refugees finding no other solution to build a future for their family will resort to other means to reach places where they can hope to thrive. Destination States are deploying multiple strategies to avoid being responsible for thousands of refugees. They have thus considerably strengthened their ‘fight’ against undocumented migration and are criminalising asylum-seekers through importing into administrative law concepts and institutions of criminal law, while some have adopted deterrence tactics or implemented ‘externalisation strategies’. They also have devalued the principle of non-refoulement, either through directly refouling or through use of tactics resulting in refoulement. Asylum-seekers are also subjected to biometric identifiers stored in databases interconnected with multiple other databases, nationally and internationally. This chapter explores global trends and challenges in asylum in the twenty-first century and outlines main approaches in the field.
Les personnes âgées immigrantes et leurs proches à Montréal : des vies oubliées durant la pandémie
Brotman, S., Simard, J., Hanley, J., Raymond, M., & Delgado, P.Shari Brotman, Jill Hanley (2022, décembre)
Despite the recent media attention on the issue of risks and consequences related to COVID-19 among various marginalized communities in Quebec, we still hear very little about immigrant older adults and their families. In this Policy and Practice Note, we discuss the experience of the pandemic among Montreal’s immigrant older adults and their social networks. First, we provide some socio-demographic data on older immigrants in Montreal. We then present our findings related to the impact of COVID-19 on older immigrants, particularly in terms of access to health and social care, family support, employment and housing, building upon our own work and the social gerontology literature. We conclude by proposing recommendations to support the inclusion of older immigrants and their families, addressing discrimination in both public policy and practice.
Emergence of a unique SARS-CoV-2 Delta sub-cluster harboring a constellation of co-appearing non-Spike mutations
Banerjee, A., Mazumder, A., Roy, J., Das, J., Majumdar, A., Chatterjee, A., ... & Maitra, A. (2023, janvier)
Accumulation of diverse mutations across the structural and nonstructural genes is leading to rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, altering its pathogenicity. We performed whole genome sequencing of 239 SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples collected from both adult and pediatric patients across eastern India (West Bengal), during the second pandemic wave in India (April–May 2021). In addition to several common spike mutations within the Delta variant, a unique constellation of eight co-appearing non-Spike mutations was identified, which revealed a high degree of positive mutual correlation. Our results also demonstrated the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants among unvaccinated pediatric patients. 41.4% of our studied Delta strains harbored this signature set of eight co-appearing non-Spike mutations and phylogenetically out-clustered other Delta sub-lineages like 21J, 21A, or 21I. This is the first report from eastern India that portrayed a landscape of co-appearing mutations in the non-Spike proteins, which might have led to the evolution of a distinct Delta subcluster. Accumulation of such mutations in SARS-CoV-2 may lead to the emergence of “vaccine-evading variants.” Hence, monitoring of such non-Spike mutations will be significant in the formulation of any future vaccines against those SARS-CoV-2 variants that might evade the current vaccine-induced immunity, among both the pediatric and adult populations.
Portrait of Healthcare and Social Service Usage: Immigrant Men’s Perspectives
Le Gall, J., Pontbriand, A., Lapalme, L., Fiedrich Schutz, F., Leclair Mallette, I-S., Holtom, A., Hernandez, S., Maynard, S. and M. Ruiz-CasaresJosiane Le Gall, Annie Pontbriand, Stéphane Hernandez, Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2022)
This study documents immigrant men’s use of Quebec healthcare and social services. It begins by sketching a portrait of the physical health and psychological well-being of these men. It then looks at their use (or non-use) of these services and explores both the barriers they encounter while trying to access services and factors facilitating their use of services. Finally, it examines the expectations and perceptions immigrant men have of these services. Transversally, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and confinement measures on the various sub-themes was specifically examined, since all of the data was collected in the context of the pandemic.