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Coping and its association with psychological adjustment: Differences between first-, second-, and third-plus generation adolescents

Tardif-Grenier, K.; Olivier, E.; Marks, A. K.; Archambault, I. ; Dupéré, V.; Gervais, C. and C. HébertChristine Gervais (2022, avril)

Journal of Adolescence
Volume 94, Issue 3 : Wiley | Pages: 277-492

Introduction

Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third-plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents’ resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use.

Methods

A total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study (Mage = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first-generation; 34% second generation; 39% third-plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self-esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing.

Results

First-generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second- and third-plus generation adolescents. First- and second-generation adolescents reported using religion more than third-plus generation adolescents. First-generation adolescents used self-distraction more often than second-generation adolescents, who used it more often than third-plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second-generation adolescents compared with their third-plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first-generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second-generation adolescents who used self-distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment.

Conclusions

This study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.

Interventions facilitating access to perinatal care for migrant women without medical insurance: A scoping review protocol

Sia, D.; Tchouaket Nguemeleu, E.; Beogo, I.; Séguin, C.; Roch, G.; Cleveland, J.; Greenaway, C.Drissa Sia, Janet Cleveland (2022)

Plos One

Inadequate pregnancy monitoring for pregnant migrant women without medical insurance (PMWMI) exposes them to severe complications during childbirth and consequences for the health of their child (e.g. preterm delivery, low birth weight, etc.). This scoping review aims to identify existing interventions globally to improve access to perinatal care for PMWMI. It will also highlight the strengths, weaknesses as well as the costs of these interventions.

Aire ouverte Laval : Défis et premières leçons d’une histoire de cocréation en santé mentale jeunesse

Bentayeb, N.; Weiss, B.; Ziani, M.; Goyette, M. (2022, février)

Canadian Public Administration
65 / IPAC | 22 p.

Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les leviers et les obstacles à la cocréation rencontrés au tout début de la mise en œuvre d’un projet de démonstration en santé mentale jeunesse au Québec, dans un contexte où les réseaux de services intégrés jeunesse sont en plein essor. À l’aide d’une méthodologie qualitative, nous décrivons le rôle des différentes parties prenantes impliquées (partenaires communautaires, intervenants, jeunes), de manière à faire ressortir les enjeux de cocréation auxquels les acteurs ont été confrontés entre les phases de conception et de mise en œuvre. Nous faisons état d’une évaluation formative et développementale, toujours en cours. En ce sens, cet article tente de clarifier des apprentissages sur le processus de cocréation de l’action publique.

Unravelling the Interconnections of Immigration, Precarious Labour and Racism Across the Life Course

Ferrer, I.; Brotman, S. and Koehn S. (2021)

Journal of Gerontological Social Work
65 | 24 p.

This paper contributes to the growing body of work on precarious labor, immigration, and social gerontology by examining the racialization of precarious employment across the life course. In particular, the authors examine the impact of precarious employment and discrimination among racialized older immigrants in Canada. Racialized older immigrants are more likely to be disadvantaged by the effects of lifelong intersections of economic and social discrimination rooted in racialization, gender, ageism, and socio-economic status. Drawing from a narrative-photovoice project that focused on the life stories of older immigrants living in Quebec and British Columbia, this paper presents the in-depth stories and photographs of four participants to highlight how intersections of race, gender, age, immigration status, and ability shape and structure experiences of aging, labor market participation and caregiving relationships.

Cumulative and independent effects of experiences of social adversity on support for violent radicalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of depression

Miconi, D.; Levinsson, A.; Frounfelker, R. L.; Yin Li, Z. ; Oulhote, Y. & C. Rousseau (2022, février)

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
Vol. 57/ Springer Nature Switzerland | 12 p.

Purpose

Social adversity experiences have increased during the pandemic and are potential risk factors for both depression and support for violent radicalization (VR). However, the cumulative and independent effects of various social adversity experiences on support for VR have yet to be explored. This paper examines the cumulative and independent effects of COVID- and non-COVID-related discrimination, exposure to violence, traditional and cyberbullying victimization on support for VR. In addition, we investigate whether depression mediates the relationship between these forms of social adversity and support for VR.

Methods

A total of 6003 young adults (Mage = 27, SDage = 4.40, range 18–35) living in metropolitan areas in Canada responded to an online survey. We used multivariable regression models, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, to infer covariate adjusted associations between social adversity measures and support for VR. Additionally, we conducted a formal mediation analysis to estimate the proportion mediated by depression.

Results

There was a cumulative relationship between experiences of social adversity and support for VR (β = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.72). COVID-related discrimination and cyberbullying victimization were independently associated with stronger support for VR. Depression partially mediated the effect of cumulative social adversity, COVID-related discrimination and cyberbullying on support for VR.

Conclusion

Prevention programs during the present pandemic should prioritize decreasing discrimination and providing psychosocial support to depressed young adults who experience social adversity. Practitioners should prioritize developing programs that foster digital literacy skills and critical thinking among young adults to address the concerning impact of cyberbullying on support for VR.

Anti-racist education in social work: an exploration of required undergraduate social work courses in Quebec

Shah, K.; Boatswain-Kyte, A. and E.O.J. Lee (2022, février)

Canadian Social Work Review / Revue canadienne de service social
Vol. 38, number 2 : Erudit | 16 p.

Les travailleurs.euses sociaux.ales jouent un rôle essentiel en aidant les personnes utilisatrices de services à surmonter les barrières et oppressions structurelles. L’enseignement antiraciste en travail social permet de développer chez les futurs travailleurs.euses sociaux.ales une réflexion critique sur les façons dont les pratiques d’exclusion sociale et de domination menacent l’intégrité des personnes et des communautés racisées. Cependant, l’inclusion de cursus antiracistes dans les écoles de travail social dépend largement de chaque institution et de leur offre de cours. Cette étude a permis d’explorer la mesure à laquelle la pratique antiraciste est incluse dans les différents programmes de travail social au Québec en effectuant un recensement des cours obligatoires de premier cycle. Nos résultats révèlent que, parmi les neuf universités québécoises offrant un programme de baccalauréat en travail social, un seul programme offre un cours traitant explicitement la notion de race. Cinq des neuf programmes incluent un cours obligatoire avec une mention implicite de la notion de race, sous des appellations plus larges telles que « anti-oppression », « inégalité » ou « pratique interculturelle ». Ces résultats soulèvent des enjeux importants pour la formation en travail social au Québec et le développement des compétences professionnelles en matière de lutte contre le racisme.

Mots-clés :

 

  • travail social, 
  • formation en travail social, 
  • pratique antiraciste, 
  • racisme systémique, 
  • race

Confronting whiteness in social work education through racialized student activism

Mbakogu, I.; Duhaney, P.; Ferrer, I. and E.O. J. Lee (2022, février)

Canadian Social Work Review / Revue canadienne de service social
Vol. 38, number 2 | 27 p.

 

“Health for all” and the challenges for pharmaceutical policies: A critical interpretive synthesis over 40 years

Gautier, L. and P.-M. David (2022, février)

Social Sciences & Humanities Open (SSHO)
Vol. 5 / Issue 1: Open Access | 10 p.

More than 40 years after the Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care, it is time to take stock. A look back at the evolution of pharmaceutical policies reveals the extent to which international health has transformed in the last four decades. The imperative of equitable access to healthcare, reaffirmed in Astana in 2018, has still not been achieved in many countries across the globe, whereas recent Ebola and COVID epidemics have opened up new political spaces for pharmaceutical development. In response to a gap in the literature with regard to the politics behind global pharmaceutical policymaking, we offer a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on pharmaceutical policies, in English and French, from 1978 to 2018 inclusively. Our search strategy and inclusion criteria enabled us to select and review 134 papers and books on pharmaceutical policies. Building upon the seminal works of K.S. Rajan, we review the literature under the following assumption: pharmaceutical policies reflect or enact different conceptions of knowledge, political spaces, and value. We then critically discuss our findings in light of the contemporary debates, particularly in the wake of recurring epidemics. We thereby challenge the mainstream perspective according to which pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical policies must be viewed as value-free, apolitical instruments.

Mapping of Financial Support Programs for Children With Neurodisabilities Across Canada: Barriers and Discrepancies Within a Patchwork System

Salvino, C., Spencer, C., Filipe, AM et L. M. Lach (2022)

Journal of Disability Policy Studies
p. 1–10

A cross-jurisdictional pan-Canadian environmental scan was conducted to identify provincial, territorial, and federal financial supports available to families with children living with neurodisabilities. In partnership with the organization Childhood Disability LINK, flowchart-styled pathway documents were developed for each financial support identified, mapping out the processes required to access each support. A critical analysis was completed as it relates to structural barriers, accessibility of program information and geographic discrepancies. The results revealed that, despite almost universal availability of programs to support families of children living with neurodisabilities, significant barriers and inequity remain. This included considerable variation in access to financial support based on geographic and jurisdictional discrepancies, absence of adequate and accurate information about programs, and minimal support provided to families in the application process. We argue that the barriers and discrepancies identified were an inherent result of the Canadian federalist fragmentation of the delivery of social care and financial support programs for children living with neurodisabilities. A more unified response by Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal governments is clearly needed to take positive steps to address the consequences of federalist fragmentation and respond to the structural barriers and geographic discrepancies identified by this study. 

Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among rural and urban populations affected by Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a representative cross-sectional study

 et al
Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among rural and urban populations affected by Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a representative cross-sectional study

Cénat JM, Noorishad P, Dalexis RD, Rousseau, C. et al. (2022)

BMJ Open

Objectives

High mortality rates, anxiety and distress associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are risk factors for mood disorders in affected communities. This study aims to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among a representative sample of individuals affected by EVD.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The current study was conducted 7 months (March 11, 2019 to April 23, 2019) after the end of the ninth outbreak of EVD in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Participants

A large population-based sample of 1614 adults (50% women, Mage=34.05; SD=12.55) in health zones affected by the ninth outbreak in DRC.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Participants completed questionnaires assessing EVD exposure level, stigmatisation related to EVD and depressive symptoms. The ORs associated with sociodemographic data, EVD exposure level and stigmatisation were analysed through logistic regressions.

Results

Overall, 62.03% (95% CI 59.66% to 64.40%) of individuals living in areas affected by EVD were categorised as having severe depressive symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that adults in the two higher score categories of exposure to EVD were at two times higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms (respectively, OR 1.94 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.09); OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.34)). Individuals in the two higher categories of stigmatisation were two to four times more at risk (respectively, OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.83); OR 4.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 9.56)). Living in rural areas (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.38)) and being unemployed (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.93)) increased the likelihood of having severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Results indicate that depressive symptoms in EVD affected populations is a major public health problem that must be addressed through culturally adapted mental health programs.

Building a Common Language to Facilitate Discussion Among Stakeholders in Work Disability: A Consensus Group Approach

Coutu, M., Durand, M., Coté, D., Tremblay, D., Sylvain, C., Gouin, M., Bilodeau, K. , Nastasia, I., Paquette, M. and Marie-Elise Labrecque (2022, janvier)

Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation
Vol. 32/ Springer | 8 p.

Purpose

Work disability stakeholders may not share the same understanding and solutions among themselves or with researchers, causing misunderstandings and hindering collaboration regarding solutions for preventing work disability. To reduce such differences, this study sought to build a common vocabulary among stakeholders and researchers, using a transdisciplinary research framework.

Methods

A consensus method based on a constructivist approach was used. A theoretical sampling method was applied to identify researchers or stakeholders representing one of the four systems in the work disability paradigm. A preliminary set of definitions for key terms was assessed using a Web-based questionnaire. It documented participants’ level of agreement with each term’s inclusion and relevance in the field, and the clarity of the definition, while soliciting suggestions for other terms or clearer definitions. Disagreements were discussed at group meetings, yielding consensus on the final terms and definitions.

Results

Eleven stakeholders representing patients, employers, unions, healthcare professionals, and legislative and insurance systems, along with 10 multidisciplinary researchers, participated. The questionnaire yielded initial consensus on the inclusion and definitions of 49 terms, and 109 suggestions mostly for modified definitions (average = 6 suggestions/term). Two preliminary terms were excluded and three terms were added. Ultimately, 80 terms and their definitions yielded consensus.

Conclusions

The process we used to build a common vocabulary was carried out within a transdisciplinary framework. It required a constructivist approach, promoting idea exchanges among participants and co-construction of generally agreed results. The results were rooted in local contexts, thus ensuring the same reference points, regardless of participants’ different understandings.

Responding to Increasing Health and Social Needs of Unprotected Unaccompanied Minors in Paris in the Context of COVID-19: A Mixed Methods Case Study

Bonjour – pvi, un autre article sur mon projet MNA est sorti, il est disponible ici :
(2022) , , DOI: 10.1080/15562948.2022.2027057

Lara Gautier, Stéphanie Nguengang Wakap, Florian Verrier, Érica da Silva Miranda, Victoria Négré, Jalel Hamza, Juan-Diego Poveda & Magali Bouchon (2022)

Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies

Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who settle in a foreign country without a legal representative. In France, many UMs are left unprotected from child welfare services because assessment systems evaluate that they are not minors. In Paris, the non-governmental organization Médecins du Monde (MdM) offers unprotected UMs medical, psychological, and social care. In March 2020, the lockdown policy to contain COVID-19 constrained MdM to adapt its care provision model. This case study sought to answer the following question: how did volunteers and employees of MdM respond to the social and health needs of unprotected UMs during the spring 2020 lockdown in Paris? We analyzed a cohort of 58 UMs for eight weeks of lockdown using secondary quantitative data. We further explored the UMs’ needs and the experience of phone consultations, through 15 interviews with MdM’s program volunteers and employees. Time series showed a steady increase in UMs’ needs. The program’s adapted care provision likely contributed to reducing UMs’ feeling of isolation. It also had several negative consequences for unprotected UMs, volunteers, employees, and Médecins du Monde’s institution. This study highlights the role of non-governmental organizations in providing a particularly vulnerable migrant population – unprotected UMs – care and support, despite operational challenges in crisis times.

L’interculturalité en intervention et le récit de soi

Hamisultane, Sophie, Marie-Josée Lorrain, Cécile Nicolas, and Jacques Rhéaume (2021)

Nouvelles pratiques sociales
Volume 32, numéro 2 : UQÀM | 19 p.

Le contexte d’interculturalité est le lieu de rapports complexes. Dans le cadre de l’intervention, comment situer et appréhender la posture de la personne intervenante ? Notre article propose une réflexion sur des méthodes de récits basée sur un cadre conceptuel interculturel et de la sociologie clinique appliqués à l’intervention et à la recherche. Nous aborderons spécifiquement le récit de soi à travers le photolangage© et le récit d’expérience pour donner à voir que les postures professionnelles ne peuvent être comprises dans une linéarité mais plutôt dans la transversalité de positions idéal-typiques et de subjectivités.

 

Mots-clés :

  • interculturalité, 
  • intervention, 
  • photolangage, 
  • récit d’expérience, 
  • méthodologie clinique

Teachers’ critical reflection: what are the practices for social justice in education?

Koubeissy, R., & Audet, G.Geneviève Audet (2021)

L’éducation En débats : Analyse comparée
11(1) | p. 60–77.

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer, à la lumière de l’approche multiculturelle critique (May & Sleeter, 2010 ; May, 2000 ; 2003), la participation des enseignant-es au système de justice sociale scolaire. À partir d’un projet de recherche sur la reconstruction et la théorisation des récits de pratique des enseignant-es (Desgagné, 2005) dans un contexte multiethnique, des données ont été recueillies auprès d’enseignant-es d’écoles primaires hautement multiethniques au Québec. Des enseignant-es ont été invités à raconter un récit lié à un événement ou à un problème qui s’est produit avec l’un-e de leurs élèves immigrant-es ou réfugié-es. Dans cet article, quatre récits narrés et reconstruits par quatre enseignant-es participant-es ont été sélectionnés et analysés. Nous visons à analyser de quelle manière les enseignant-es réagissent culturellement et assument leur rôle dans le soutien de leurs élèves. Notre analyse montre que malgré les efforts déployés pour changer la réalité de leurs élèves, les enseignant-es ne peuvent pas contrôler seuls les normes d’un système scolaire, sociétal et politique qui régit les relations de pouvoir et privilégie les normes et les valeurs dominantes.

Envisager l’improbable, contourner l’inconcevable : histoires (de fin) de vie en hémato-oncologie pédiatrique montréalais

Fortin, S.; Lessard, S. et J. Le GallSylvie Fortin, Josiane Le Gall (2021)

Anthropologie et Santé
23

En hématologie-oncologie pédiatrique, les technologies et les avancées médicales génèrent de multiples voies quant aux possibilités thérapeutiques. Ces possibilités et les espoirs qu’elles suscitent s’invitent comme acteurs dans la prise de décision. Parallèlement, les complications inhérentes aux traitements de pointe (greffes hématopoïétiques) sont nombreuses et la mort, une éventualité. À partir d’histoires d’enfants, de parents et de cliniciens, recueillies au cours d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans une unité d’hématologie-oncologie dans un hôpital pédiatrique à Montréal, nous discutons du processus de prise de décision lors de pronostics sombres et des défis posés par le passage d’une trajectoire thérapeutique à visée curative à celle ayant une perspective palliative. Nous questionnons la prise de décision partagée (patient/famille/médecin) et le rôle moral des cliniciens dans un contexte où les « morts spontanées » surviennent rarement et où l’option de prolonger la vie à tout prix rivalise avec la médecine palliative.

Prise de décision en fin de vie. Là où jeunes et moins jeunes se rencontrent

Fortin, S. et S. LessardSylvie Fortin (2021)

Anthropologie et société
45(1-2) | p. 195–216

La vie et la mort sont étroitement liées en milieux de soins où les questions nombreuses en regard (notamment) de la qualité de vie et de mort, de la poursuite ou de l’arrêt du traitement et de la légitimité des personnes qui prennent part aux décisions façonneront ces moments cruciaux. Devant de nombreux possibles thérapeutiques, quand s’arrêter ou encore quand tendre vers une perspective palliative n’est jamais donné d’emblée. Les frontières entre les catégorisations sociales séparant le curable de l’incurable, le malade du mourant et la compréhension de l’imminence de la mort restent parfois incertaines ou à reconstruire selon les cas. À partir de deux études ethnographiques (observations en unités de soins, entretiens avec soignants, patients et leurs familles), l’une menée en contexte pédiatrique hospitalier (unité d’hématologie-oncologie-greffe de moelle osseuse) et l’autre auprès de personnes de grand âge en milieu hospitalier et en centre d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée à Montréal, les auteures discutent de la diversité des trajectoires de fin de vie. Quand peut-on s’arrêter ? Qui peut répondre ? Ces questions sont récurrentes sans être nouvelles. Elles demeurent néanmoins le quotidien de la « grande maladie ». Les auteures puiseront à même le « prendre soin » et le « devoir de non-abandon » pour dégager quelques éléments de réponse tout en s’interrogeant sur le statut contemporain de la (bio)médecine (entre espoirs et tensions) et les ambigüités conceptuelles et empiriques entre le « curatif » et le « palliatif ».

Devenir et être père

de Montigny, F.; Gervais, C. et P. de Montigny GauthierChristine Gervais (2021)

Montréal : Éditions CHU Sainte-Justine | 276 p.

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les modèles familiaux se multiplient. Si on parle beaucoup du rôle de la mère, il est tout aussi important de se pencher sur le rôle qu’a le père aujourd’hui.

  • Le vécu durant la grossesse et la première année de vie de l’enfant.
  • La relation de couple et la relation coparentale pendant la période périnatale.
  • Les défis de la naissance d’un deuxième, troisième ou quatrième enfant.
  • Les possibles changements sur le plan de la sexualité.
  • Les situations difficiles comme une naissance traumatique, le décès d’un enfant, la séparation conjugale ou un problème de santé mentale.
  • La conciliation travail-famille.

Soulignant qu’il n’existe pas de modèle de parent parfait, ce portrait nuancé et complet fait ressortir la diversité de l’engagement parental au masculin en montrant les façons qu’ont les hommes de contribuer au bien-être et à l’organisation familiale.

A scoping review on the measurement of transnationalism in migrant health research in high-income countries

Kim YN, Urquia M, Villadsen SF, Merry L. (2021)

Global Health
17(1) | 126

Background: Migrants commonly maintain transnational ties as they relocate and settle in a new country. There is a growing body of research examining transnationalism and health. We sought to identify how transnationalism has been defined and operationalized in migrant health research in high income countries and to document which populations and health and well-being outcomes have been studied in relation to this concept.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). We searched nine electronic databases; no time restrictions were applied. Studies published in English or French in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Studies were eligible if they included a measure of transnationalism (or one of its dimensions; social, cultural, economic, political and identity ties and/or healthcare use) and examined health or well-being.

Results: Forty-seven studies, mainly cross-sectional designs (81%), were included; almost half were conducted in the United States. The majority studied immigrants, broadly defined; 23% included refugees and/or asylum-seekers while 36% included undocumented migrants. Definitions of transnationalism varied according to the focus of the study and just over half provided explicit definitions. Most often, transnationalism was defined in terms of social connections to the home country. Studies and measures mainly focused on contacts and visits with family and remittance sending, and only about one third of studies examined and measured more than two dimensions of transnationalism. The operationalization of transnationalism was not consistent and reliability and validity data, and details on language translation, were limited. Almost half of the studies examined mental health outcomes, such as emotional well-being, or symptoms of depression. Other commonly studied outcomes included self-rated health, life satisfaction and perceived discrimination.

Conclusion: To enhance comparability in this field, researchers should provide a clear, explicit definition of transnationalism based on the scope of their study, and for its measurement, they should draw from validated items/questions and be consistent in its operationalization across studies. To enhance the quality of findings, more complex approaches for operationalizing transnationalism (e.g., latent variable modelling) and longitudinal designs should be used. Further research examining a range of transnationalism dimensions and health and well-being outcomes, and with a diversity of migrant populations, is also warranted.

Another Way Out: A Positive Youth Development Approach to the Study of Violent Radicalization in Québec, Canada

Miconi, D. et C. Rousseau (2021)

Handbook of Positive Youth Development (Radosveta Dimitrova et Nora Wiium dirs.)
Springer Series on Child and Family Studies | P. 415-429

Violent radicalization is the result of a multidimensional process determined by a complex interplay among cultural, social and individual variables. However, empirical evidence on the risk and protective factors involved in the process of violent radicalization is still scarce. Even less is known on early determinants in terms of primary prevention. In the present chapter, we argue the importance of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach to the study of violent radicalization, aimed at fostering youth strengths across multiple levels of functioning. In support of our argument, we present findings from a broad quantitative project on the determinants of sympathy for violent radicalization among youth in Québec (Canada). The findings suggest that supporting connection (e.g., social support, plural group identities and religiosity) and confidence (e.g., positive future orientation) represents an effective way of providing youth with valid alternatives to violent radicalization.

Évaluation développementale de la mise en œuvre du plan d’action COVID-19 à Côte-des-Neiges : bilan de la démarche

Bentayeb, N.; Jouego Fotso, A. C. et M. Ruiz-CasaresNaïma Bentayeb, Mónica Ruiz-Casares (2021)

Montréal : Institut universitaire SHERPA | 60 p.

Au cours de la première vague de la pandémie liée à la COVID-19, le quartier Côte-des-Neiges (CDN) est l’un des plus touchés à Montréal. Vers la mi-juin 2020, on compte près de 500 cas, avec un taux de 900 cas par 100 000 habitants (Riché et al., 2020). Les consignes de la santé publique exigent une fermeture de tous les services non essentiels, y compris certains organismes communautaires. Selon Ticher et Zorn (2020), les éclosions sont très répandues dans les milieux défavorisés lors de la première vague. CDN est l’un des quartiers défavorisés de la région de Montréal. Selon l’analyse territoriale 2018-2019 de Centraide, « près d’une personne sur trois (30 %, soit 29 380 personnes) vit avec de faibles revenus (Montréal : 21 %). » (p. 1). Selon l’analyse territoriale de Côte-des-Neiges 2018-2019 réalisée par Centraide, près de la moitié de la population est allophone avec 46 % qui ont une langue maternelle autre que le français ou l’anglais (Montréal : 33 %). Dans Côte-des-Neiges Nord, ce taux atteint 55 % (p. 1). Ce qui constitue un défi pour l’accès aux messages d’information 1 Cafétéria communautaire MultiCaf a axé ses interventions autour de la livraison des repas et des paniers alimentaires pendant la première vague de confinement. Ayant accès directement aux populations vulnérables, elle a été via les réseaux de communication institutionnels. Ces données nous montrent que la pandémie exacerbe les vulnérabilités préexistantes au sein du quartier CDN. En effet, dès la première vague, le quartier fait face à de multiples enjeux : sécurité alimentaire, fracture umérique, santé mentale, vulnérabilité accrue de certaines couches de la population, difficultés à rejoindre la population, dépistage, etc. (Direction régionale de la santé publique [DRSP], 2020; Tircher et Zorn, 2020)

Face à cette situation, la réaction du milieu n’a cependant pas tardé. Des interventions et des actions concertées sont mises en œuvre pour répondre aux besoins des résident.e.s et des organismes (Riché et al., 2020). En effet, certains organismes, à l’instar de l’organisme La Cafétéria communautaire MultiCaf (MultiCaf), se sont rapidement adaptés au contexte de la pandémie
afin de continuer à offrir les services à la population. Les actions visent particulièrement à répondre aux besoins de sécurité alimentaire (livraison des repas et des paniers alimentaires) (Riché et al., 2020).

Par ailleurs, la CDC-CDN joue un rôle important dans la mobilisation collective des organismes communautaires et des partenaires institutionnels. Des bailleurs de fonds, comme Centraide et la Croix-Rouge, soutiennent également les actions mises en œuvre sur le territoire.

 

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Rethinking Radicalization Leading to Violence as a Global Health Issue

Miconi, D.; Frounfelker, R.L.; Zoldan, Y. et C. Rousseau (2021)

Innovations in Global Mental Health
online 03 November 2021 | p. 203-220

This chapter presents an overview of the body of literature on radicalization leading to violence. We define violent radicalization and situate the phenomenon in our present socially polarized world, reporting available global estimates of terrorist and hate crime and incidents for both the Global South and Global North. We argue that violent radicalization is a global public health issue that calls for a socio-ecological approach to prevention and intervention and discuss the harmful consequences of applying a security-driven framework to develop prevention programs. We identify the challenges related to measuring and documenting factors that may reduce the overall climate of legitimation of intergroup violence in the general population and subsequently present an overview of multilevel risk and protective factors associated with support to violent radicalization. We then present an overview of existing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention initiatives in the Global North and Global South. We conclude with a critical discussion of limitations and potential avenues for the future of research and prevention on violent radicalization.

Identity transmission in a (trans)national context. A comparison between parents in mixed couples in Quebec and Morocco

Le Gall, J. et C. TherrienJosiane Le Gall (2021)

Mixed families in a transnational world
21 p.

In order to highlight the influence of the national context on the process of identity transmission, this chapter aims to compare the parental identity transmission project of mixed couples in Quebec and Morocco while taking into account the transnational experience of these families. The significant differences between Quebec and Morocco offer an interesting comparison with respect to transmission issues. We discuss the choices and strategies of the parents, focusing on the transmission of specific identity markers: the choice of first name and family name, educational system, language and nationality. Our results show that the national context significantly influences the choices that parents make but also that the transnational experience of these families strongly impacts the process of identity transmission. Choices are made to facilitate the children’s transnational mobility, and relationships and cross-border ties are also used by the parents as a resource to strengthen a sense of belonging that connects their children to both societies.

Negotiating Safety and Wellbeing: The Collaboration Between Faith-Based Communities and Public Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic

El-Majzoub, S.; Narasiah, L.; Adrien, A.; Kaiser, D. et C. Rousseau (2021)

Journal of Religion and Health
Online ahead of print | p. 1-15

The COVID-19 pandemic led to lockdown measures where congregational faith-based activities were prohibited. With time, the collateral impacts of confinement emerged as priorities, and impositions had to be balanced with the collaboration of the population. In this process, faith-based organizations played a key role in encouraging their congregations to adhere to lockdown measures while fostering their mental wellbeing and resilience. This paper describes the process of establishing a collaborative negotiation among the Montreal Regional Public Health Unit, the police, and the Muslim and Jewish communities, examining the role of mediation in this context. Despite some obstacles, such as communication difficulties and decision-making limitations, the collaborative approach seems to buffer the escalation of intercommunity tension and to promote communities’ commitment to physical distancing measures and should be considered in times of pandemic for a more inclusive public health approach