Objective: Group processes and identities play a crucial role in the development of positive attitudes toward violent radicalization (VR). However, we do not know much about the impact of specific group identities on support for violent radicalization and the mechanisms that can explain how such associations unfold. This study investigates the independent and cumulative associations between multiple group identities and support for violent radicalization among Canadian college and university students and the potential moderating role of in-group identification and perceived public collective self-esteem in these associations. Method: Students (N = 5,598; M_age = 22.8; SD_age = 7.5; 68.0% women) completed an online survey. Mixed-effects linear regression models and interaction analyses were implemented. Results: Identities related to political, gender, and sexual orientation groups were independently and cumulatively associated with higher support for violent radicalization (polarizing), whereas identities related to religion, profession, ethnicity, age, or leisure activities were cumulatively associated with lower support for violent radicalization (nonpolarizing). Identities related to religion and profession were independently associated with lower support for violent radicalization. The magnitude of associations between cumulative polarizing identities and support for violent radicalization was larger at low levels of perceived public collective self-esteem and high levels of in-group identification. Conclusions: Prevention efforts need to situate students’ identity development within the broader societal context, in a socioecological perspective. Supporting students’ multiple identities is a promising strategy to prevent violent radicalization, if we simultaneously work on local dynamics in order to enhance inclusion in schools and societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)

Abstract

Background:Cultural adaptations of digital health innovations are a growing field. However, digital health innovations can increase health inequities. While completing exploratory work for the cultural adaptation of the Ned Clinic virtual survivorship app, we identified structural considerations that provided a space to design digitally connected and collective care.

Objective:This study used a community-based participatory research and user-centered design process to develop a cultural adaptation of the Ned Clinic app while designing to intervene in structural inequities.

Methods:The design process included primary data collection and qualitative analysis to explore and distill design principles, an iterative design phase with a multidisciplinary team, and a final evaluation phase with participants throughout the design process as a form of member checking and validation.

Results:Participants indicated that they found the final adapted prototype to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their use. The changes made to adapt the prototype were not specifically culturally Chinese. Instead, we identified ways to strengthen connections between the survivor and their providers; improve accessibility to resources; and honor participants’ desires for relationality, accountability, and care.

Conclusions:We grounded the use of user-centered design to develop a prototype design that supports the acts of caring through digital technology by identifying and designing to resist structures that create health inequities in the lives of this community of survivors. By designing for collective justice, we can provide accessible, feasible, and relational care with digital health through the application of Indigenous and Black feminist ways of being and knowing.

JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e49353

Abstract

Background:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer for Canadian men and has one of the highest 5-year survival rates, straining systems to provide care. Virtual care can be one way to relieve this strain, but survivors’ care needs and technology use are influenced by intersecting social and cultural structures. Cultural adaptation has been posited as an effective method to tailor existing interventions to better serve racialized communities, including Chinese men. However, cultural adaptations may inadvertently draw attention away from addressing structural inequities.

Objective:This study used qualitative methods to (1) explore the perceptions and experiences of Chinese Canadian PCa survivors with follow-up and virtual care, and (2) identify implications for the cultural adaptation of a PCa follow-up care app, the Ned (no evidence of disease) Clinic.

Methods:An axiology of relational accountability and a relational paradigm underpinned our phenomenologically informed exploratory-descriptive qualitative study design. A community-based participatory approach was used, informed by cultural safety and user-centered design principles, to invite Chinese Canadian PCa survivors and their caregivers to share their stories. Data were inductively analyzed to explore their unmet needs, common experiences, and levels of digital literacy.

Results:Unmet needs and technology preferences were similar to broader trends within the wider community of PCa survivors. However, participants indicated that they felt uncomfortable, unable to, or ignored when expressing their needs. Responses spoke to a sense of isolation and reflected a reliance on culturally informed coping mechanisms, such as “eating bitterness,” and familial assistance to overcome systemic barriers and gaps in care. Moreover, virtual care was viewed as “better than nothing;” it did not change a perceived lack of focus on improving quality of life or care continuity in survivorship care. Systemic changes were identified as likely to be more effective in improving care delivery and well-being rather than the cultural adaptation of Ned for Chinese Canadians. Participants’ desires for care reflected accessibility issues that were not culturally specific to Chinese Canadians.

Conclusions:Chinese Canadian survivors are seeking to strengthen their connections in a health care system that provides privacy and accessibility, protects relationality, and promotes transparency, accountability, and responsibility. Designing “trickle-up” adaptations that address structural inequities and emphasize accessibility, relationality, and privacy may be more effective and efficient at improving care than creating cultural adaptations of interventions.

J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e49349

doi:10.2196/49349

Les recherches sur le traumatisme chez les enfants réfugiés de la guerre s’intéressent généralement aux réactions symptomatiques, mais considèrent peu le vécu subjectif. Ainsi, il y a un risque de sous-estimer les conséquences psychologiques de ces événements. La présente étude vise à intégrer les éléments de l’histoire personnelle, la quantification des symptômes post-traumatiques et les expériences subjectives liées aux traumatismes évaluées au moyen du jeu libre et du dessin afin de décrire les conséquences psychiques de ces traumatismes chez deux enfants réfugiés. Les résultats révèlent qu’un des enfants manifeste des symptômes post-traumatiques, ce qui est appuyé par les caractéristiques de ses activités ludiques et les thèmes qui émergent du jeu et des dessins. Chez la deuxième enfant, il n’est pas relevé de symptôme post-traumatique ou de trace évidente du traumatisme dans le jeu et le dessin. Cependant, les thèmes des jeux indiquent un besoin de protection et le deuil de son enfance.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a discourse analysis of how social work values, knowledge, and attitudes toward immigrants are represented in 173 open-ended responses to a national survey (n = 1125) of Canadian social workers attitudes toward immigrants. Through discourse analysis of social workers’ commentary, we discuss notable tensions between social workers’ affinity for multicultural inclusion and their critiques of Canadian settler-colonialism. While respondents broadly emphasize “respect for diversity” and the need to advocate for immigrants as expressions of their Canadian and social work identity, some suggest that inequalities facing Indigenous communities should be addressed before Canada continues to increase its investment in immigration. We consider how dichotomizing concerns for Indigenous and immigrant communities reflect the limits of multicultural inclusion and the need to further decolonize social work education and practice. Paper to be submitted to Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work

The differential impacts of the covid-19 pandemic continues to be felt across countries and social groups (Bundervoet et al., 2022;Doignon and Guilmoto, 2021). People who are poor, mobile and displaced are disproportionately affected (Kobiané et al., 2020) .On 9 March 2020, Burkina Faso announced its first cases of covid-19 (Ministère de la Santé, 2020). This pandemic appeared in a context of political and security crisis, characterised by the occupation of part of the territory by armed groups and the progressive increase in killings and crimes of all kinds (Dembele et al., 2020;Hagberg et al., 2019). Burkina Faso is estimated to be the second most affected country by terrorist attacks in Africa (Benedikter and Ouedraogo, 2019). This situation has had a negative impact on the living conditions of the population and has caused numerous internal displacements of people (OCHA 2019; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2020). As of April 30 2022, Burkina Faso had just over 1,900,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs)(Sécretariat Permanent du CONASUR, 2022).

Abstract

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous interrogeons les trajectoires du mourir (et d’aide médicale à mourir) de personnes migrantes et non migrantes, décédées à Montréal. En partant d’une recherche récente, nous verrons comment le cycle de vie intervient dans ce mourir. À partir de 119 entretiens menés auprès de proches d’une diversité d’origines ayant accompagné une personne en fin de vie, nous discutons de la « bonne mort » en nous appuyant sur l’analyse des trajectoires du mourir et des éléments qui façonnent la qualité perçue d’une « bonne mort » chez les migrants et non-migrants montréalais, jeunes et moins jeunes. Nous verrons que la valeur différentielle accordée aux groupes d’âge aura une incidence sur les trajectoires du mourir (Strauss, 1992) et, au bout du compte, sur la perception de ce qu’est une bonne ou une mauvaise mort.

La prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle, religieuse et linguistique en contextes éducatifs est reconnue aujourd’hui, au Québec comme ailleurs, comme une condition pouvant soutenir la réussite éducative de tous les élèves. Cette contribution propose de se pencher sur les recherches qui s’inscrivent dans ce domaine en empruntant un point de vue historique et réflexif. Dans un premier temps, nous abordons brièvement différents moments clés du développement du domaine. Ceux-ci nous permettent de mettre en lumière la transformation des objets qui ont préoccupé la communauté de recherche, et d’éclairer les débats sociaux actuels sur les questions de racisme et d’immigration qui mettent en tension ce domaine. En effet, la recherche ne fait pas qu’étudier la diversité, elle participe à sa construction, notamment en la nommant et en (re)définissant les groupes qui la composent, contribuant ainsi à reconnaitre ou non les avancées et obstacles liés à la réussite éducative des élèves de divers groupes sociaux. Ainsi, dans un deuxième temps, cette contribution porte un regard critique sur le domaine en discutant trois enjeux : 1) la façon de nommer la diversité ethnoculturelle religieuse et linguistique; 2) la reconnaissance des dynamiques systémiques; et 3) le contexte sociopolitique actuel et les tensions qu’il engendre. Nous concluons dans un troisième temps avec une réflexion plus personnelle sur l’importance d’expliciter notre positionnalité, de réfléchir à partir de celle-ci et d’adopter une posture apprenante.

Nous présentons ici des pistes théoriques inspirées de quelques auteurs et qui peuvent aider à une compréhension renouvelée des transformations sociales actuelles qui ont une influence certaine sur le «mal-être pluriel » qui traverse nos vies. Ce malêtre prend des formes multiples: dans le monde du travail par les divers types d’épuisement professionnel ou de troubles anxieux résultant de nombreuses pressions à performer; dans le monde éducatif, par la poursuite excessive de l’excellence ; dans la vie courante aussi, par l’appel constant à bien gérer sa vie sans perdre d’occasions et sans faute. Sans explorer directement ces diverses manifestations qui se traduisent ou pas par de l’anxiété liée à cette pression de performance et par d’autres troubles de santé mentale, nous allons plutôt reprendre, une fois encore pouvons-nous dire, une problématique sociétale plus large, en nous concentrant sur les effets de ces transformations sociales qui entrainent une forte limitation du pouvoir d’agir individuel et collectif. Cette limitation est le résultat de ce que nous pourrions appeler des sources renouvelées d’aliénation. C’est sous cet angle indirect en apparence que nous abordons la thématique du «mal-être » : la question du manque de pouvoir d’agir qui représente l’une des sources importantes de ce mal-être plus général.

In the field of forensic psychology, assessing the risk for violence is a core component of treatment planning and intervention monitoring. However, practitioners from the violent extremism (VE) field currently lack guidance on which tools to use when addressing the risk of VE in individuals with mental disorders. This study details challenges associated with risk assessment in a specialized clinic providing services for individuals with mental disorders referred because of concerns about VE, describes an approach to risk assessment for these individuals, and examines its perceived utility for clinicians. A mixed-method concurrent triangulation design was used to combine available quantitative data on the risk assessment of individuals referred to the Montreal Polarization team, obtained through a file review (n = 53), with qualitative data collected through clinical ethnography and a focus group with practitioners who use the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability and Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol–18 tools. Results suggest that risk assessment for patients attracted to VE is complex. Clinicians often combine structured instruments for persons with mental disorders with those for individuals on VE trajectories because they address different dimensions of risk. Disagreement in the level of risk seemed to reflect biases related to the therapeutic alliance and to societal prejudices, and may indicate the need for continuous monitoring. Structured clinical judgment approach tools, while perceived as useful in the VE field, may benefit from better integration with more traditional tools developed for forensic and mental health populations. The limits of cross-sectional data in risk assessment tool validation call for more prospective and longitudinal research in the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Abstract

1. Introduction

Upwards of 500,000 pediatric patients visit emergency rooms (ER) annually for psychiatric crises (1), with rates recently increasing (2, 3), necessitating an examination of ER treatment approaches, including triage and crisis interventions. Nurses and pediatricians without specialized psychiatric training often apply a triage approach to such youth’s care (4–8), rapidly admitting or discharging them depending on risks of auto- or hetero-aggression. Alternatively, a crisis intervention model emphasizes diagnosis, immediate treatment and orientation to either inpatient and/or outpatient resources on discharge (9–19). This approach is often multimodal (18), including nurses and social workers experienced in pediatric mental health, thus requiring additional resources compared to triage approaches. The triage (4–8) and crisis intervention (9–16) models have mostly been considered in isolation. When considered in tandem (17–20), there is little elaboration on treatment variables (e.g., alliance, the patient and physician’s emotional responses and time limitations). This article compares the two models and the interplay of these variables with respect to each. A composite case highlights the differences.

Résumé

Cadre de la recherche : Comme la migration, particulièrement lorsque forcée peut affecter psychologiquement les enfants, la consultation en santé mentale jeunesse (SMJ) peut faire partie du parcours des familles migrantes. Alors que de rares articles décrivent cette expérience pour les familles et les jeunes (école secondaire), celle des enfants (école primaire) reste encore moins explorée.

Objectif : Cet article se penche sur les données d’entretiens intégrant jeux et dessins menés auprès de 20 enfants de 15 familles migrantes ayant consulté en SMJ (dont certaines réfugiées, demandeuses d’asile ou sans statut). L’objectif est d’explorer l’expérience des enfants en intégrant une méthode d’analyse innovatrice basée sur l’art.

Méthodologie : Nous proposons une méthode herméneutique combinant la psychiatrie transculturelle, la psychologie humaniste et l’interprétation des données par la création littéraire. En cohérence avec ces ancrages, les données d’entretien sont présentées de manière narrative sous la forme d’exemples. L’interprétation des données inclut la création d’un texte littéraire intitulé Jungle et religion.

Résultats : L’interprétation fait ressortir trois volets de l’expérience des enfants : 1) l’expérience migratoire et la fragilité qu’elle implique, 2) le recours à l’art et au jeu comme moyens d’apprivoisement du trauma, et 3) l’idéalisation de l’intervention.

Conclusion : L’expérience comprise des enfants met en lumière à la fois la confusion/peur induite par la migration et la place compensatrice que l’intervention peut prendre, et qui crée la possibilité de vivre des espoirs déçus, mais aussi celle de reconstruire le monde pour l’enfant.

Contribution : L’interprétation des résultats basée sur l’art et la création littéraire a permis de traduire l’expérience des enfants plus justement et de mieux la représenter en langage écrit, alors qu’elle nous a principalement été transmise par les enfants en paroles, en jeux et en images.

Pour traiter efficacement et exhaustivement des inégalités dans le monde, il convient d’en aborder toutes les facettes. Il est nécessaire d’étudier les inégalités de richesse entres États d’une part, et au sein même de ces États d’autre part. Il faut également s’intéresser à la pauvreté de certaines populations ou groupes de population, mais aussi à la richesse et à la très grande richesse d’autres groupes de population. C’est aussi dresser un panorama des autres types d’inégalités, hommes –  femmes, entre générations, etc. et analyser si celles-ci sont en croissance ou en décroissance. Et enfin il s’agit de faire un tour d’horizon de l’Asie, de l’Amérique latine (continent le plus inégalitaire au monde), de l’Afrique et de l’Europe qui demeure un continent relativement égalitaire en comparaison.

Adolescents and young adults (10–24 years old) represent a substantial proportion of the world’s population and the majority live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Significant global attention has been given to improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) of adolescents and young adults, however, despite progress, the gains have been inequitable across countries largely due to harmful social norms, toxic gender stereotypes, and acute power imbalances in many LMICs, especially for females. In LMICs, poor infrastructure, poverty, and high levels of gender-based violence, have significantly impeded women and adolescent girls’ access to SRH services. Moreover, a large number of adolescents and young adults, especially those living in conflict and temporary settlement centers, are at high risk of sexual violence, genital cutting, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal death. In our Research Topic for Frontiers of Public Health, our objective was to contribute to the advancement of SRHR among adolescents and young adults living in LMICs. As such, we solicited articles that addressed one or more of the following topics: child marriage, contraception, unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STI/HIV/AIDS including HPV vaccine coverages, gender-based violence, sex trafficking, and exploitation, poor menstrual hygiene practices, menstrual problems, and other gynecological illnesses, SRHR of adolescents in refugee settlements, adolescent-friendly health services, adolescent SRH policies, and governance.

Within this Research Topic, a number of manuscripts were published. Two focused on adolescents in Bangladesh and analyzed data from a recent national adolescent health and wellbeing survey; the first article, entitled “Factors that provide protection against intimate partner physical violence among married adolescents in Bangladesh,” found that 16% of married adolescent girls experienced intimate partners physical violence (IPPV) (Rahman et al.). Results showed that IPPV risk was lower when living with parents-in-law or parents and when girls were married to men aged 21 or older; IPPV risk was higher among girls with a longer duration of marriage and no living children. The second article, entitled “What shapes attitudes on gender roles among adolescents in Bangladesh,” showed that among unmarried adolescents, girls were significantly more likely compared to boys to hold egalitarian views regarding gender roles (58 vs. 19%) (Streatfield et al.). Egalitarian views were significantly higher among both girls and boys if they were members of social organizations, participated in adolescent programs and had completed at least grade 10. Taken together the two papers highlight the importance of education, policy (minimum age for marriage), and the implementation of community level interventions toward advancing gender-equity and protecting young women from IPPV, and its associated adverse health outcomes, in Bangladesh.

The topic of contraception and family planning, important for the prevention of pregnancy and averting the health and social consequences that are associated with unwanted pregnancy, were addressed in two papers. The article “Social-psychological determinants of hormonal contraceptive use intentions among adolescent girls in the Bono East Region of Ghana,” highlights how positive attitudes regarding hormonal contraceptives, and self-efficacy to access and use hormonal contraceptives, are positively correlated with hormonal contraceptive use intention, thus underscoring the importance of comprehensive sex education, including enhancing adolescents’ skills and sense of competence to access and use contraceptives (Boamah-Kaali et al.). Similar conclusions were also drawn in the paper: “What are the sources of contraceptives for married and unmarried adolescents: Health services or friends? Analysis of 59 low- and middle-income countries” (Hellwig and Barros). Using national health survey data from 59 LMICs, it was shown that in almost half of the countries, the use of modern contraceptives is lower among sexually active adolescents when compared to sexually active adult women. Results also showed, that in a number of countries, adolescents are less likely to access contraceptives in the public sector, especially unmarried girls. In all regions, unmarried girls, compared to their married counterparts, were more likely to access contraceptives from friends and family. Another article, which addressed the use of reproductive more broadly, further underscored the importance of sex education, and also the necessity for services to be easily accessible; in “Reproductive health service use and associated factors among youths in Becho district, southwest Ethiopia,” the researchers found that the use of reproductive health services was relatively low (44% utilized services) among youth and that knowledge of services, discussions with parents about reproductive health, as well as close proximity of a health facility, were key predictors of reproductive health service use (Waga et al.).

Lastly, implementation and sustainability of sexual and reproductive health services, was a topic in two papers. The article: “Planning, implementation, and sustaining high coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs: What works in the context of low-resource countries?,” provides a comprehensive overview of challenges and facilitators to HPV vaccination program implementation in LMICs (Waheed et al.). Results showed that data availability, management and reporting and supply chain difficulties are significant issues, while involvement of multi-sectoral key stakeholders, careful planning and coordination, and communication and training at all levels (district administrators, healthcare staff, teachers, and support personnel), are vital toward ensuring successful and sustained implementation of HPV programs. In their paper, entitled: “Accelerated institutionalization of an adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) intervention in Tanzania: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation,” the authors describe the institutionalization and scale-up of a contraceptive-delivery intervention into government healthcare institutions across Tanzania; the intervention, which includes in-clinic care and a community-outreach component, aims to educate, but also to empower girls by focusing on life planning and skills acquisition (Cutherell et al.). Commitment and early, active involvement of key stakeholders, including government officials and healthcare providers, and ongoing engagement and training, were also identified in this study as important facilitating factors for successful implementation of the intervention. Integrating the intervention within existing structures, was also shown to facilitate the institutionalization process.

In sum, the research reported in this Research Topic highlights the critical role that governments in LMICs must play to ensure SRH services are available, easily accessible and responsive to the needs of adolescents and youth; these services should provide education, enhance self-efficacy and improve skills with regards to accessing and using services and care, but also equally important, is the empowerment of girls. Policies are also crucial; they should promote young people to study longer and to delay marriage until a later age. The studies also emphasize the importance of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within school to improve knowledge, but also to eventually shift cultural and social norms that contribute to poor SRH outcomes, especially for girls and young women. Overall, the authors conclude that more evidence and continued work by researchers, care-providers and policy makers, are still needed to improve gender equality and the SRH of adolescents and youth in LMICs. The work reported in this Research Topic offers a point of departure for those looking to contribute and advance the SRH field. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the authors, reviewers and editors of Frontiers in Public Health, for their contributions to this Research Topic.

Abstract

Background:Based on experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic, postsecondary institutions were most affected by the restrictions. Students, especially international students, have borne the brunt associated with in-person learning restrictions imposed by public health recommendations. Canada is among the top 3 countries hosting international students (ISs), including Francophone students in provinces such as Quebec and other anglophone regions. Academic restrictions were accompanied by other measures such as quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, and travel ban, to cite some. This has had a wide-ranging impact on these ISs. The resulting psychological distress and burden may have a much greater impact on Francophone ISs in anglophone settings, many of whom had ordinarily limited access to active offers of care in French in addition to cultural barriers and low literacy of the health care system. In order to take advantage of the effectiveness of eHealth as a pertinent and promising avenue, our project intends to build a web-based application that is cost-effective, user-friendly, anonymous, and capable to prompt interactive interventions as a first-line resource for psychological distress. In fact, internet applications have been increasingly used for the management of psychological distresses, and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the preferred methods to prevent or control them.

Objective:The aims of this study are to (1) design, implement, and maintain Psy-Web for the psychological support of ISs and (2) analyze the results of the implementation of the Psy-Web platform, the additional resources solicited, and the results obtained.

Methods:This interventional project will use a sequential mixed design in the exploratory phase (phase 1) including the construction of the Psy-Web platform. A quantitative prospective component (phase 2) will include the intervention content of the Psy-Web platform. In total, 105 ISs participants (study group) and 52 ISs (control group), based on a ratio of 1:2, will be considered. The control group participants include those who did not use the web platform.

Results:The project is at the data collection stage (phase 1). Psy-Web will be built in accordance with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) model with the perspective of boosting its robustness. As a first-line resource to prevent psychological distress and ultimately improve their academic performance, Psy-Web is an innovative opportunity for high education managers. The project involves a multisectoral and a multidisciplinary partnership.

Conclusions:The project will develop a promising web-based solution to prevent psychological distress. Ultimately, Psy-Web will be operable in multiple languages including French.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID):PRR1-10.2196/47059

JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e47059

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Keywords: 

Youths Afghan refugees; Iran; educational pathways; formal education; exclusion

Migrants commonly maintain transnational ties with their home country including identities, attachments, and
social, cultural, economic and service/care interactions. Significant gaps remain regarding care-providers’ perspectives on migrants’ transnational ties and whether and how these ties are addressed in the context of care. La
Maison Bleue (LMB) is a community-based social perinatal care service with four sites in Montreal, Canada,
providing health and social care to families in vulnerable contexts from pregnancy up until age five. We conducted a small, qualitative descriptive study and interviewed 7 care-providers (nursing, social work, family
medicine, psycho-education) and 3 administrators/support personnel from LMB to gather data on their experiences and perspectives on “transnationalism” in care with vulnerable-status migrant women and their families.
Transnational identity (language, culture, attachment to the home country), and ongoing connections with back
home, including communication with children and extended family, remittent sending, and the receipt of childrearing and health advice, commonly arise within care interactions. Fostering transnational relationships and
cultural identity are strategies used by LMB care-providers to strengthen migrant families’ sense of belonging and
to help them cope with losses, while addressing transnational tensions and stresses are used to promote families’
well-being and integration. This involves a combination of listening, humility, remaining open, providing information and delivering care that is respectful of culture and sensitive to families’ situations. Cultural negotiation, directly with migrant families or via local peers, is sometimes used to overcome transnational cultural
barriers related to health decisions and child-rearing. At times, care-providers also engage directly with family
back home to mediate cross-border stresses and cultural tensions and/or to draw on them as a source of information and support. Care-providers view transnational cultural ties and relationships as both positive and
negative for the well-being of families and with respect to its impact on interventions with families. Although not
always feasible, care-providers believe it’s important to know about families’ transnational contexts, in order to
provide responsive, supportive care.

Abstract

Résumé de l’article Au Québec, des centres d’aide à l’emploi offrent des programmes d’intégration sociale et professionnelle (ISP) des personnes réfugiées ou demandeuses d’asile, qui arrivent avec un parcours souvent sinueux, parfois ponctué d’expériences traumatisantes. Ce parcours peut complexifier leur ISP dans leur société d’accueil et les exposer à des situations de vulnérabilité sociale. Nous cherchons à comprendre comment le parcours d’apprentissage au cours d’un programme d’ISP en groupe permet d’ouvrir l’éventail des opportunités réelles et favorise la justice sociale du point de vue opérationnel de l’approche par les capabilités. L’analyse qualitative processuelle des parcours d’apprentissage de ces personnes articule les ressources que rend disponible le programme en vue d’élargir leurs opportunités réelles d’ISP. Sont également analysées, les entraves à la conversion des ressources transmises en instruments pour l’apprentissage.

Abstract

In 2012, the Nigerian-American writer and artist Teju Cole called out the culture of white saviourism in the USA and introduced the concept of the White Saviour Industrial Complex (WSIC). The make-up of global health education perpetuates and feeds into the WSIC, with universities in high-income countries (HICs) accounting for a major share of global health programmes. Global health education is in certain respects a growth industry of whiteness that promotes justice only on paper and remains rooted in harmful colonial worldviews. Cole noted that the WSIC is “not about justice”, rather “it is about a big emotional experience that validates privilege”. This reflection applies to how global health is taught, including by us as educators based in Canada, irrespective of our roots and citizenship in Sri Lanka, Rwanda, Mexico, and India. Those who work in global health in HICs benefit from an imbalance of power that maintains the white supremacist status quo, and consequently an entrenched divide in global health. As global health educators we are then compelled to ask: are we training students to be “white saviours”, irrespective of their ethnicity or country of origin, and how can global health education be reconfigured?

Abstract

Abstract

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31223/X52Q21

Subjects

Public Health

Keywords

climate change, health, Public health, Global Health, vulnerability, adaptation, risks, Caribbean, West Indies

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Canada has moved towards a system of ‘two-step’ immigration, wherein a growing proportion of new permanent residents are selected from people who are already in the country on a temporary work permit. While the ‘two-step’ selection approach has been lauded as improving immigrants’ labour market outcomes, the process to achieve permanent residence can be complex and the stringent selection criteria prevent many migrants from attaining permanent status. In this paper, we examine the administrative burden that migrants with precarious status encounter in their interactions with state immigration bureaucracies as they try to attain permanent residence through economic programmes. The research is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with 20 migrants with precarious status in the provinces of Ontario, Alberta and Quebec. Participants describe the stressful life consequences resulting from confusing and opaque administrative processes, unpredictable wait times, costly application fees, bureaucratic errors and a lack of accountability. We theorise how such experiences of administrative burden can compound into forms of bureaucratic violence that prolong migrant precarity, exacerbating the legal violence inherent in state immigration categories which deny full social rights to migrants without permanent residence.

Résumé

Introduction : Les populations autochtones au Canada sont disproportionnellement touchées par le virus de l’hépatite C (VHC). L’intégration des cultures et savoirs autochtones aux interventions de santé est fragmentée et la pratique infirmière présente des lacunes à cet égard.

Objectifs : Cette revue narrative des écrits visait à analyser les interventions communautaires de lutte au VHC réalisées auprès de populations autochtones afin de proposer des recommandations pour renforcer la pratique infirmière en matière de VHC et la rendre plus cohérente aux besoins et valeurs des communautés autochtones.

Méthodes : Des méthodes d’examen rapide ont été adoptées. Les bases de données CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE et Cochrane et le moteur de recherche Google ont été consultés. Le modèle de réceptivité communautaire de Stanley et al., (2014), qui favorise le développement d’interventions appropriées selon les forces, la problématique et le contexte, a guidé l’analyse.

Résultats : Au total, 24 sources ont servi à analyser 13 projets d’intervention. Des similarités sont ressorties dans 11/13 projets d’intervention adoptant une approche holistique (n=11) et/ou une approche de réduction des méfaits (n=7), ce qui comprend une relation de confiance, sans jugement et non stigmatisante. La mobilisation communautaire était inhérente aux 13 projets d’intervention et c’est par une approche axée sur l’autodétermination que les infirmières étaient les plus susceptibles d’inciter cette mobilisation nécessaire à l’intervention en matière de VHC.

Discussion et conclusion : Avec une approche holistique de la réduction des méfaits, l’infirmière pourrait davantage soutenir l’autodétermination et la mobilisation communautaire afin de réduire efficacement le fardeau du VHC vécu par les communautés autochtones.

Abstract

Background:Adolescence is a critical period for reinforcing healthy dietary behaviors and supporting the development of cooking skills. Social media may be an avenue for supporting these behaviors, as it is popular among adolescents and can improve access to nutrition education interventions. This study sought to understand the optimal implementation of effective social media–based nutrition education interventions to inform the implementation of future social media–based nutrition education interventions.

Objective:A scoping review of the characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media–based nutrition education interventions for adolescents was conducted.

Methods:We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases using a predefined search strategy. Primary research articles were independently screened and included if they involved adolescent populations (10-18 years old) and delivered nutrition education through social media. The information on intervention characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media–based nutrition education interventions was extracted.

Results:A total of 28 publications out of 20,557 met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-five nutrition interventions were examined by 28 studies. Fourteen interventions used homegrown social media platforms, 8 used Facebook, and 2 used Instagram. Feasibility outcomes were infrequently reported, and the cost of intervention delivery was not reported. Engagement with interventions was variable; high engagement was not required to elicit significant improvements in dietary behaviors. Tailoring interventions, offering practical content, meaningful peer support, and involving families and communities facilitated successful interventions. Strategies to address engagement and technical issues were varied.

Conclusions:Emerging evidence demonstrates that social media interventions for adolescent nutrition are acceptable and improve nutrition outcomes. Future interventions should strengthen peer support components and tailor delivery to specific populations. Further research should examine engagement, adherence, and the impact of interventions on behavioral and physical outcomes. This review is the first to examine the use of social media as the primary medium for nutrition education for adolescent populations. The analysis used in this review argues the importance of peer support in social media–based nutrition interventions and the need for user-centered design of the interventions.

JMIR Pediatr Parent 2023;6:e36132

doi:10.2196/36132

Background

Climate change (CC) adaptation is considered a priority for Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS), as these territories and communities are considered particularly vulnerable to climate-related events. The primary health care (PHC) system is an important actor in contributing to climate change adaptation. However, knowledge on how PHC is prepared for CC in Caribbean SIDS is very limited. The objective of this paper is to discuss health adaptation to climate change focusing on the PHC system.

Methods

We explored the perspectives of PHC professionals in Dominica on climate change. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in each of the seven health districts in Dominica, a Caribbean SIDS, between November 2021 and January 2022. The semi-structured interview guide was based on the Essential Public Health Functions: assessment, access to health care services, policy development and resource allocation. Data coding was organized accordingly.

Results

Findings suggest that health care providers perceive climate change as contributing to an increase in NCDs and mental health problems. Climate-related events create barriers to care and exacerbate the chronic deficiencies within the health system, especially in the absence of high-level policy support. Healthcare providers need to take a holistic view of health and act accordingly in terms of disease prevention and health promotion, epidemiological surveillance, and ensuring the widest possible access to health care, with a particular focus on the ecological and social determinants of vulnerability.

Conclusion

The Primary Health Care system should be a key actor in designing and operationalizing adaptation and transformative resilience. The Essential Public Health Functions should integrate social and climate and ecological determinants of health to guide primary care activities to protect the health of communities. This indicates a need for improved research on the linkages between climate events and health outcomes, surveillance, and development of plans that are guided by contextual knowledge in the SIDS.