Comprendre pour mieux agir. La radicalisation menant à la violence chez les jeunes. Guide à l’intention du personnel scolaire
Audet, G., Fleury, R., Miconi, D., Rousseau, C. et Plante Thibodeau, S.Geneviève Audet, Cécile Rousseau (2024)
Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives in Community Organizations
In the spring of 2022, Centraide of Greater Montreal mandated the SHERPA University Institute to develop and carry out a project aimed at identifying the key competencies for equity, diversity and inclusion within community organizations, as well as the approaches for implementing them and the strategies for sustaining the gains made in the field. This […]
From helplessness to a renewed sense of agency: The integration of puppets in the Art & Storytelling school-based creative expression program with immigrant and refugee children
Beauregard, C., Papazian-Zohrabian, G., & Rousseau, C.Caroline Beauregard, Garine Papazian-Zohrabian, Cécile Rousseau (2024)
Abstract
The distress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic can add to the already stressful experience of migration for children and their family, having serious short-term and long-term impact on their mental health and meaning-making processes. Since creativity acts as a protective buffer for children and support their adjustment, the implementation of school arts-based interventions can help support the recovery of children and promote their coping and adaptive strategies. Through the case study of a 7-year-old Syrian refugee, this article presents how a young girl invested the Art & Storytelling school-based creative expression program to regain a sense of agency and control in a (post-)crisis context. Based on the images she created during the workshops as well as on the individual and group observational field notes recorded by workshop facilitators, the case study highlights the child’s creative process and its relationship to the creation of meaning and her developing sense of agency. It focuses especially on how the girl integrated puppets into her own creative process to regain a sense of agency and control over her life.
“It will always be Temporary”: A qualitative study of Syrian young adults expressing histories of collective violence and forced displacement in participatory theatre
de Smet, S., Rousseau, C., Stalpaert, C., & De Haene, L.Cécile Rousseau (2024)
Abstract
Multiple group identities and support for violent radicalization among college and university students: Challenge or opportunity?
Miconi, D., Levinsson, A., & Rousseau, C.Cécile Rousseau (2024, janvier)
Objective: Group processes and identities play a crucial role in the development of positive attitudes toward violent radicalization (VR). However, we do not know much about the impact of specific group identities on support for violent radicalization and the mechanisms that can explain how such associations unfold. This study investigates the independent and cumulative associations between multiple group identities and support for violent radicalization among Canadian college and university students and the potential moderating role of in-group identification and perceived public collective self-esteem in these associations. Method: Students (N = 5,598; Mage = 22.8; SDage = 7.5; 68.0% women) completed an online survey. Mixed-effects linear regression models and interaction analyses were implemented. Results: Identities related to political, gender, and sexual orientation groups were independently and cumulatively associated with higher support for violent radicalization (polarizing), whereas identities related to religion, profession, ethnicity, age, or leisure activities were cumulatively associated with lower support for violent radicalization (nonpolarizing). Identities related to religion and profession were independently associated with lower support for violent radicalization. The magnitude of associations between cumulative polarizing identities and support for violent radicalization was larger at low levels of perceived public collective self-esteem and high levels of in-group identification. Conclusions: Prevention efforts need to situate students’ identity development within the broader societal context, in a socioecological perspective. Supporting students’ multiple identities is a promising strategy to prevent violent radicalization, if we simultaneously work on local dynamics in order to enhance inclusion in schools and societies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
“It will always be Temporary”: A qualitative study of Syrian young adults expressing histories of collective violence and forced displacement in participatory theatre
de Smet, S., Rousseau, C., Stalpaert, C., & De Haene, L. (2024, janvier)
Abstract
Comprendre pour mieux accompagner : parcours migratoires, contextes d’adversités, développement global et santé mentale des jeunes enfants (0-5 ans)
Webinaire Le webinaire porte d’abord sur les expériences pré, péri et postmigratoires des jeunes enfants, les conséquences de vivre et grandir dans divers contextes d’adversité. Il présente ensuite les particularités des traumatismes et des deuils précoces et leur influence sur leur santé mentale et leur développement global. Il aboutit sur une présentation des principes et […]
Men’s immigration experiences: better understanding for better engagement
April 16-17, 2024 New Residence Hall, 3625 avenue du Parc, Montréal On this page : → Program → Registrations The SHERPA University Institute team, affiliated with the CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l’île-de-Montréal, and its partners (ROHIM, RVP, CARI St-Laurent, Baobab familial, RePère, With the financial support of the Comité régional Santé et bien-être des hommes de […]
User-Centered Design and Usability of a Culturally Adapted Virtual Survivorship Care App for Chinese Canadian Prostate Cancer Survivors: Qualitative Descriptive Study
Young, K., Xiong, T., Lee, R., Banerjee, A. T., Leslie, M., Ko, W. Y., & Pham, Q.Ananya Banerjee (2024, janvier)
Background:Cultural adaptations of digital health innovations are a growing field. However, digital health innovations can increase health inequities. While completing exploratory work for the cultural adaptation of the Ned Clinic virtual survivorship app, we identified structural considerations that provided a space to design digitally connected and collective care.
Objective:This study used a community-based participatory research and user-centered design process to develop a cultural adaptation of the Ned Clinic app while designing to intervene in structural inequities.
Methods:The design process included primary data collection and qualitative analysis to explore and distill design principles, an iterative design phase with a multidisciplinary team, and a final evaluation phase with participants throughout the design process as a form of member checking and validation.
Results:Participants indicated that they found the final adapted prototype to be acceptable, appropriate, and feasible for their use. The changes made to adapt the prototype were not specifically culturally Chinese. Instead, we identified ways to strengthen connections between the survivor and their providers; improve accessibility to resources; and honor participants’ desires for relationality, accountability, and care.
Conclusions:We grounded the use of user-centered design to develop a prototype design that supports the acts of caring through digital technology by identifying and designing to resist structures that create health inequities in the lives of this community of survivors. By designing for collective justice, we can provide accessible, feasible, and relational care with digital health through the application of Indigenous and Black feminist ways of being and knowing.
JMIR Hum Factors 2024;11:e49353
A Reflection on Paradoxes and Double Binds in the Workplace in the Era of Super-Diversity
Côté, D.Daniel Côté (2023, décembre)
Symptomatic and Symbolic Expression of Trauma in War-Exposed Refugee Children
Tsuchigahata, M., M. Terradas, M., Papazian-Zohrabian, G., & Didier, O. (2023)
Research on trauma in war-exposed refugee children generally focuses on children’s symptoms but pays little attention to their subjective experience. Thus, there is a risk of underestimating the psychological consequences of the potentially traumatic events they were exposed to. The present study aims to integrate the personal history, the post-traumatic symptoms and the subjective trauma-related experiences assessed through free play and drawings to describe the psychic consequences of war-associated traumas in two refugee children. The results reveal that one of the children manifests post-traumatic symptoms, which is supported by the characteristics of his play activities and the themes that emerge from the play and the drawings. In the second child, however, there are no post-traumatic symptoms or obvious traces of trauma in play and drawing. The themes of the play instead indicate a need for protection and mourning one’s childhood.
La prise en compte des croyances religieuses et spirituelles en intervention interculturelle auprès des jeunes et de leur famille
Webinaire Alexandra Ouimet, travailleuse sociale, CIUSSS Centre-Ouest-de-l’ile-de-Montréal Stéphanie Tremblay, professeure, Département des sciences des religions, UQAM Dans le cadre du déploiement de la Trousse pour le renforcement des capacités interculturelles des services destinés aux jeunes et à leur famille, l’Institut universitaire SHERPA propose un webinaire portant sur la prise en compte des croyances religieuses et […]
Masculinité et paternité en contexte migratoire : étude des effets de la masculinité sur la construction de l’identité paternelle de nouveaux immigrants au Québec de différentes origines culturelles
Bergheul, S., Bationo, N. J. C., Konan, T. H., Ramdé, J., & Godin, J.Saïd Bergueul (2023)
Research Framework: Immigration in contexts such as Canada and Quebec is likely to generate changes in masculine functions. Thus, immigrant fathers, depending on their origins and profiles, negotiate and present different facets of masculinity to adapt to the various realities of the host country.
Objectives: This article examines the impact of immigration on the masculinity and paternal identity of immigrant fathers of different origins in Quebec.
Methodology: We conducted a total of 39 interviews with immigrant fathers of sub-Saharan, North African, European, Asian and Latin American origin. An interview guide with open-ended questions enabled them to express themselves on their perception of fatherhood, their identity, their paternal engagement and their adaptation in a migratory context.
Results: Our findings indicate that fatherhood is an opportunity for these men to validate their masculinity. Furthermore, the role of provider represents an expression, valorization, and reinforcement of their masculinity. We also found that immigrant fathers’ perceptions of masculinity evolved and were redefined through paternal involvement, in order to overcome the difficulties of integration in the host country.
Conclusion: This article shows that, beyond the difficulties, immigration represents an opportunity for commitment and redefinition of fatherhood and masculinity for many immigrant men.
Contribution: The various observations arising from this study show the need to take masculinity into account in the care and development of programs for immigrant fathers. Finally, the article offers research possibilities to help understand better different types of fatherhood.
Keywords:
Honoring the Care Experiences of Chinese Canadian Survivors of Prostate Cancer to Cultivate Cultural Safety and Relationality in Digital Health: Exploratory-Descriptive Qualitative Study
Young, K., Xiong, T., Lee, R., Banerjee, A. T., Leslie, M., Ko, W. Y., ... & Pham, Q. Ananya Banerjee (2023, décembre)
Abstract
Background:Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed nonskin cancer for Canadian men and has one of the highest 5-year survival rates, straining systems to provide care. Virtual care can be one way to relieve this strain, but survivors’ care needs and technology use are influenced by intersecting social and cultural structures. Cultural adaptation has been posited as an effective method to tailor existing interventions to better serve racialized communities, including Chinese men. However, cultural adaptations may inadvertently draw attention away from addressing structural inequities.
Objective:This study used qualitative methods to (1) explore the perceptions and experiences of Chinese Canadian PCa survivors with follow-up and virtual care, and (2) identify implications for the cultural adaptation of a PCa follow-up care app, the Ned (no evidence of disease) Clinic.
Methods:An axiology of relational accountability and a relational paradigm underpinned our phenomenologically informed exploratory-descriptive qualitative study design. A community-based participatory approach was used, informed by cultural safety and user-centered design principles, to invite Chinese Canadian PCa survivors and their caregivers to share their stories. Data were inductively analyzed to explore their unmet needs, common experiences, and levels of digital literacy.
Results:Unmet needs and technology preferences were similar to broader trends within the wider community of PCa survivors. However, participants indicated that they felt uncomfortable, unable to, or ignored when expressing their needs. Responses spoke to a sense of isolation and reflected a reliance on culturally informed coping mechanisms, such as “eating bitterness,” and familial assistance to overcome systemic barriers and gaps in care. Moreover, virtual care was viewed as “better than nothing;” it did not change a perceived lack of focus on improving quality of life or care continuity in survivorship care. Systemic changes were identified as likely to be more effective in improving care delivery and well-being rather than the cultural adaptation of Ned for Chinese Canadians. Participants’ desires for care reflected accessibility issues that were not culturally specific to Chinese Canadians.
Conclusions:Chinese Canadian survivors are seeking to strengthen their connections in a health care system that provides privacy and accessibility, protects relationality, and promotes transparency, accountability, and responsibility. Designing “trickle-up” adaptations that address structural inequities and emphasize accessibility, relationality, and privacy may be more effective and efficient at improving care than creating cultural adaptations of interventions.
“Unless we are Native, we are all immigrants to Canada”: Tensions between multicultural inclusion and settler-colonial consciousness among Canadian social workers
Bhuyan, R., Osazuwa, S., Hanley, J., Schmidt, C., & Park, Y. Jill Hanley (2023, décembre)
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a discourse analysis of how social work values, knowledge, and attitudes toward immigrants are represented in 173 open-ended responses to a national survey (n = 1125) of Canadian social workers attitudes toward immigrants. Through discourse analysis of social workers’ commentary, we discuss notable tensions between social workers’ affinity for multicultural inclusion and their critiques of Canadian settler-colonialism. While respondents broadly emphasize “respect for diversity” and the need to advocate for immigrants as expressions of their Canadian and social work identity, some suggest that inequalities facing Indigenous communities should be addressed before Canada continues to increase its investment in immigration. We consider how dichotomizing concerns for Indigenous and immigrant communities reflect the limits of multicultural inclusion and the need to further decolonize social work education and practice. Paper to be submitted to Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work
Prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among preschool-aged children from migrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts in Montreal, Canada
Claudia Woronko, Lisa Merry, Sumeyye Uckun, Anaële Cuerrier, Patricia Li, Jennifer Hille, Andraea Van Hulst Lisa Merry, Patricia Li (2023)
Abstract
Among migrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged preschool-aged children followed in social perinatal primary care services in Montreal, Canada, we estimated the prevalence of overweight/obesity and identified determinants of body mass index z-score (zBMI) at 4–5 years old. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records of 275 child-mother dyads followed from birth to 4–5 years. Anthropometric measures and established maternal, perinatal and child risk factors for childhood obesity were examined. Age- and sex-specific zBMI at 4–5-years were computed and categorized according to WHO standards. Linear regression with model averaging was used to identify early life factors associated with zBMI. At 4–5 years, children’s weight status was classified as underweight (1.5%), normal weight (69.7%), at-risk-of-overweight (19.2%), overweight (6.9%), and obesity (2.7%). Primiparity (0.51, 95% CI 0.24; 0.78), higher birthweight (1.04, 95% CI 0.70; 1.37), accelerated weight gain in the first year of life (0.21, 95% CI 0.13; 0.31), and introduction to solid foods before 6 months (0.89, 95% CI 0.42; 1.36) were associated with a higher zBMI, while less than high school education (-0.50, 95% CI −0.95; −0.05) and higher gestational age (-0.14, 95% CI −0.21; −0.05) were associated with lower zBMI at 4–5 years. Overweight/obesity is prevalent among preschool-aged children from migrant and socioeconomically disadvantaged contexts and is associated with known risk factors. Future research is needed to better understand the role of social perinatal primary care services in p
Racisme anti-Noir, profilage racial et système de protection de la jeunesse au Québec
Boatswain-Kyte, A., Hélie, S., & Royer, M. N. Alicia Boatswain-Kyte (2023, novembre)
Résumé
L’expérience des familles Noires au sein des systèmes de protection de la jeunesse a rarement été examinée sous le regard du racisme anti-Noir. La perspective antiraciste à l’égard du système de protection de la jeunesse est presque absente au Québec. Cet article propose une réflexion critique sur les résultats obtenus lors d’une recherche effectuée sur la surreprésentation des enfants Noirs signalés à la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse (DPJ). Il cherche à comprendre comment le profilage racial, en tant que pratique institutionnelle, est opérationnalisé et maintenu dans le traitement différentiel des enfants Noirs.
Mots-clés :
- racisme anti-Noir,
- profilage racial,
- disparité,
- surreprésentation,
- protection de la jeunesse
Projet sur la situation des femmes immigrées et racisées au Québec, Rapport de tournée auprès des femmes immigrées et racisées.
TABLE, D., Massoui, S. (2023)
Résumé
L’accueil et l’accompagnement des femmes ayant un parcours d’immigration au Québec, dont certaines ont été affectées par des violences résultant des inégalités sociales intersectionnelles comprenant celles relatives au genre est une tâche complexe. La littérature disponible nous confirme que les expériences traumatiques de celles-ci jalonnent leur parcours pré, péri et post migratoire. Les accompagner adéquatement présente donc un défi de taille pour les intervenant.e.s qui doivent moduler non seulement avec les traumas, mais aussi avec les enjeux communicationnels, économiques et structurels qui marginalisent ces femmes . Partant de la nécessité d’approfondir la connaissance des éléments qui facilitent ou entravent l’installation de ces femmes au Québec, cette étude qualitative s’est déroulée en deux phases entre 2020 et 2022. Les informations analysées proviennent de 16 entrevues individuelles réalisées auprès d’intervenant.e.s desservant les personnes ayant un parcours migratoire au Québec, et de 14 entrevues individuelles auprès de femmes recrutées avec l’aide d’organismes communautaires en immigration et de maisons d’hébergement membres ou partenaires de la TCRI. À partir d’une analyse thématique de contenu, nous identifions différentes pressions et violences qui s’entremêlent dans le parcours migratoire de ces femmes. Pour certaines, ces pressions débutent longtemps avant la décision de quitter leur pays d’origine, pour d’autres, elles se matérialisent plutôt durant le parcours péri- et post-migratoire. Toutes ont cependant plus d’un tour dans leur sac pour y faire face. Si les stratégies adoptées sont relativement similaires d’une femme à l’autre (se fier aux organismes d’aide, se construire un réseau ou avoir foi en soi-même), les motivations présidant à leurs parcours et les obstacles rencontrés sont différents selon le statut des participantes (des demandeuses d’asile, des immigrantes parrainées, des étudiantes internationales et des travailleuses temporaires). Ce qui les relie toutefois, d’un point de vue structurel, est qu’elles se trouvent dans une situation une fois au Canada où l’exercice de leurs droits est limité par des barrières relatives aux conditionnalités restrictives de la résidence sur le territoire , une situation pour le moins propice à la violence et à l’abus. Les entretiens avec les intervenant.e.s dévoilent des préoccupations similaires. Les parcours migratoires, les obstacles à l’insertion potentiellement traumatiques et les moyen limités des services sociaux et du milieu communautaire ont inévitablement un impact sur l’intervention sociale, et souvent sur l’intervenant.e lui-même ou elle-même. Les personnes intervenantes doivent alors faire preuve de créativité pour répondre aux besoins urgents et multiples des femmes accompagnées. Dans ce contexte, conformément à sa mission, la TCRI prend action sur ces enjeux en mettant en œuvre des projets destinés à répondre aux besoins exprimés par les femmes et les intervenantes des organismes communautaires qui les accueillent et les accompagnent. C’est ainsi que le projet TRACES développe avec le concours des parties prenantes, un modèle d’intervention adapté, qui tienne compte des parcours complexes 2 des femmes ayant un parcours migratoire affectées par les violences genrées intersectionnelles (genre/race/classe etc.).
Aborder des thèmes sensibles avec les élèves
Hirsch, S., Audet, G., Gosselin-Gagné, J. et Turcotte, M.Geneviève Audet (2023)
Au cours des dernières années, la question des thèmes dits sensibles semble être devenue un enjeu récurrent et préoccupant pour de nombreux membres du personnel scolaire. L’école étant un lieu à la fois de scolarisation et de socialisation, il n’est effectivement pas rare que des sujets qui nous touchent, nous bouleversent, nous choquent ou nous fâchent s’y invitent inopinément. À certains moments, ce sont les élèves qui les font émerger tandis qu’à d’autres, ils constituent des contenus prescrits par le programme à enseigner. En tant que membres du personnel scolaire, nous nous interrogeons parfois à savoir s’il faut ou non aborder certains thèmes dits sensibles avec nos élèves. Lorsqu’il le faut, de quoi devons-nous parler? Quelle posture devonsnous adopter? Comment nous assurer de composer avec les différents points de vue formulés? Comment éviter les dérives, contourner les écueils? Quelles précautions faut-il prendre pour prévenir les débordements? Dans l’optique de proposer quelques éléments de réflexion à ce sujet, le Centre d’intervention pédagogique en contexte de diversité, en collaboration avec le Service des ressources éducatives et avec Sivane Hirsch, professeure à l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, a rédigé un guide pédagogique à propos des sujets sensibles en 2015. Plus récemment, la même équipe a revisité ce guide afin d’en produire une nouvelle version s’harmonisant à des résultats de recherche plus récents. Ce guide pédagogique s’adresse spécialement aux enseignantes et aux enseignants, mais aussi plus largement à tous les membres de la communauté éducative du Centre de services scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys qui pourraient en faire usage dans différents contextes.
“If we don’t regroup, hunger will kill us…”: A qualitative study on measures of physical distancing during covid-19 among internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso
Kadio, K., Ly, A., Ouédraogo, A., AG Ahmed, MA., Sani, Y., & Gagnon, M.-P. (2023, novembre)
The differential impacts of the covid-19 pandemic continues to be felt across countries and social groups (Bundervoet et al., 2022;Doignon and Guilmoto, 2021). People who are poor, mobile and displaced are disproportionately affected (Kobiané et al., 2020) .On 9 March 2020, Burkina Faso announced its first cases of covid-19 (Ministère de la Santé, 2020). This pandemic appeared in a context of political and security crisis, characterised by the occupation of part of the territory by armed groups and the progressive increase in killings and crimes of all kinds (Dembele et al., 2020;Hagberg et al., 2019). Burkina Faso is estimated to be the second most affected country by terrorist attacks in Africa (Benedikter and Ouedraogo, 2019). This situation has had a negative impact on the living conditions of the population and has caused numerous internal displacements of people (OCHA 2019; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 2020). As of April 30 2022, Burkina Faso had just over 1,900,000 internally displaced persons (IDPs)(Sécretariat Permanent du CONASUR, 2022).
Comment rallier les gars ?
Cécile Rousseau. La Presse. 19 novembre 2023. Lire >>
The Relationship between Wellbeing, Self-Determination, and Resettlement Stress for Asylum-Seeking Mothers Attending an Ecosocial Community-Based Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study
Wu, Y. M., Kreitewolf, J., & Kronick, R. Rachel Kronick (2023, novembre)
Abstract
Trajectoires du mourir et bonnes morts chez les migrants et non-migrants montréalais
Fortin, S., Le Gall, J., & Mathiot, B. Sylvie Fortin, Josiane Le Gall (2023, novembre)
Abstract
In this article, we examine the end of life (and medical assistance in dying) trajectories of migrants and non-migrants who died in Montréal. Drawing on recent research, we will show how the life cycle plays a role in this process. Based on 119 interviews with relatives from a variety of backgrounds who have accompanied a person at the end of life, we discuss “good death” through an analysis of the trajectories of dying and the elements that shape the perceived quality of “good death” amongst Montreal migrants and non-migrants, both young and old. We will see that the differential value accorded to age groups has an impact on these trajectories (Strauss, 1992) and, ultimately, on the perception of what a good or bad death is.
Keywords:
- life cycle,
- trajectory,
- hyperdiversity,
- dying,
- Montreal
Comment contribuer à réduire la polarisation
Cécile Rousseau. La Presse. 15 novembre 2023. Lire >>
Orage dans la tête, un balado pour mieux comprendre le mal-être de son enfant
Cécile Rousseau. Oh Dio Radio-Canada. 14 novembre 2023. Lire >>
La prise en compte de la diversité ethnoculturelle, religieuse et linguistique en éducation : bref retour historique et enjeux actuels pour la recherche et la formation
Borri-Anadon, C., Hirsch, S., & Audet, G. Geneviève Audet (2023, novembre)
Taking ethnocultural, religious and linguistic diversity into account in educational contexts is recognized today, in Quebec as elsewhere, as a facilitator of educational success for all students. We begin this paper by examining research in this field, using historical and reflexive perspectives of various milestones in the development of the field, to highlight the transformation of research foci over the years and to shed light on the current state of the field, which finds itself at the center of tense social debates on issues of racism and immigration. Secondly, we take a critical look at the field by discussing three issues: 1) the language surrounding ethnocultural, religious and linguistic diversity; 2) the recognition of systemic dynamics; and 3) the current socio-political context and the tensions inherent in it. We conclude with a more personal reflection on the importance of making our positionalities explicit, reflecting on them, and adopting a learning posture.
Entrevue avec Janique Johnson-Lafleur
Alvaro Marinho (2023)
Dans le cadre de nos capsules Que fait l’Institut universitaire SHERPA?, visionnez l’entrevue avec Janique Johnson-Lafleur, chercheure d’établissement à l’Institut universitaire SHERPA.
Réalités et besoins spécifiques des personnes proches aidantes issues de communautés ethnoculturelles minoritaires et populations de langue anglaise
Dans le cadre de la Semaine nationale des personnes proches aidantes (SNPPA) 2023 Consulter le document de présentation de Kettly Pinchinat Jean-Charles>> Document de présentation de Marie-Ève Samson et Josiane Le Gall>> Semaine nationale des personnes proches aidantes (SNPPA) 2023. Présentation de Kettly Pinchinat Jean-Charles. Semaine nationale des personnes proches aidantes (SNPPA) 2023. Présentation […]
Adieu Daech? : Il faut désormais trouver une façon de finir ce que nous avons commencé
Ghayda Hassan. Télé-Québec. 09 novembre 2023. Lire >>
Moving Forward in Mental Health Care for Refugee, Asylum-Seeking, and Undocumented Children
Lee, K., Kronick, R., Miconi, D., & Rousseau, C. Rachel Kronick, Cécile Rousseau (2023, novembre)
Risk for violent radicalization : Do primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention programmes effectively address risk and protective factors? In Violent Extremism A handbook of risk assessment and management
Hassan, G., Brouillette-Alarie, S., & Ousman, S.Ghayda Hassan (2023, novembre)
Violent extremism has galvanized public fear and attention. Driven by their concerns, the public has pushed for law enforcement and mental health systems to prevent attacks rather than just respond to them after they occur. The prevention process requires guidance for practitioners and policymakers on how best to identify people who may be at risk, to understand and assess the nature and function of the harm they may cause, and to manage them to mitigate or prevent harm. Violent Extremism provides such guidance.
Over 10 chapters, prepared by leading experts, this handbook illuminates the nature of violent extremism and the evolution of prevention-driven practice. Authors draw on the literature and their experience to explain which factors might increase (risk factors) or decrease (protective factors) risk, how those factors might operate, and how practitioners can prepare risk formulations and scenario plans that inform risk management strategies to prevent violent extremist harm.
Each chapter is crafted to support thoughtful, evidence-based practice that is transparent, accountable and ultimately defensible. Written for an international audience, the volume will be of interest to law enforcement and mental health professionals, criminal justice and security personnel, as well as criminologists, policymakers and researchers.
Praise for Violent Extremism
‘In Violent Extremism, Logan, Borum and Gill have assembled the most celebrated scholars and practitioners in anticipating and mitigating violence. This extraordinary accomplishment could transform the future of risk assessment.’
John Monahan, University of Virginia
‘Scholarly, scientific and so very practical, this is the book we have been waiting for. It should be read, and re-read, by every practitioner and researcher working on violent extremism.’
John Horgan, Georgia State University
‘Since the early 2000s, the field of assessing violent extremism risk has developed apace. This landmark text authoritatively takes stock of past and current theory, research and practice, and provides a coherent vision for the future.’
Christopher Dean, Cardiff Metropolitan University
Impact of Language Barriers on Outcomes and Experience of COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Quebec, Canada, During the First Wave of the Pandemic
Dagher, O., Passos-Castilho, A. M., Sareen, V., Labbé, A. C., Barkati, S., Luong, M. L., Rousseau, C. ... & Greenaway, C.Cécile Rousseau (2023, octobre)
Le pouvoir d’agir dans une société de performance
Rhéaume, J. Jacques Rhéaume (2023, octobre)
Nous présentons ici des pistes théoriques inspirées de quelques auteurs et qui peuvent aider à une compréhension renouvelée des transformations sociales actuelles qui ont une influence certaine sur le «mal-être pluriel » qui traverse nos vies. Ce malêtre prend des formes multiples: dans le monde du travail par les divers types d’épuisement professionnel ou de troubles anxieux résultant de nombreuses pressions à performer; dans le monde éducatif, par la poursuite excessive de l’excellence ; dans la vie courante aussi, par l’appel constant à bien gérer sa vie sans perdre d’occasions et sans faute. Sans explorer directement ces diverses manifestations qui se traduisent ou pas par de l’anxiété liée à cette pression de performance et par d’autres troubles de santé mentale, nous allons plutôt reprendre, une fois encore pouvons-nous dire, une problématique sociétale plus large, en nous concentrant sur les effets de ces transformations sociales qui entrainent une forte limitation du pouvoir d’agir individuel et collectif. Cette limitation est le résultat de ce que nous pourrions appeler des sources renouvelées d’aliénation. C’est sous cet angle indirect en apparence que nous abordons la thématique du «mal-être » : la question du manque de pouvoir d’agir qui représente l’une des sources importantes de ce mal-être plus général.
Risk assessment challenges in a specialized clinic for individuals referred for violent extremism
Rousseau, C., Johnson-Lafleur, J., Ngov, C., La Rochelle, X., Brouillette-Alarie, S., Gignac, M., ... & Crocker, A.Cécile Rousseau, Janique Johnson-Lafleur (2023)
Abrégé
In the field of forensic psychology, assessing the risk for violence is a core component of treatment planning and intervention monitoring. However, practitioners from the violent extremism (VE) field currently lack guidance on which tools to use when addressing the risk of VE in individuals with mental disorders. This study details challenges associated with risk assessment in a specialized clinic providing services for individuals with mental disorders referred because of concerns about VE, describes an approach to risk assessment for these individuals, and examines its perceived utility for clinicians. A mixed-method concurrent triangulation design was used to combine available quantitative data on the risk assessment of individuals referred to the Montreal Polarization team, obtained through a file review (n = 53), with qualitative data collected through clinical ethnography and a focus group with practitioners who use the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability and Terrorist Radicalization Assessment Protocol–18 tools. Results suggest that risk assessment for patients attracted to VE is complex. Clinicians often combine structured instruments for persons with mental disorders with those for individuals on VE trajectories because they address different dimensions of risk. Disagreement in the level of risk seemed to reflect biases related to the therapeutic alliance and to societal prejudices, and may indicate the need for continuous monitoring. Structured clinical judgment approach tools, while perceived as useful in the VE field, may benefit from better integration with more traditional tools developed for forensic and mental health populations. The limits of cross-sectional data in risk assessment tool validation call for more prospective and longitudinal research in the field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Bien-être des jeunes personnes im/migrantes au Québec : favoriser l’équité à travers l’adaptation des services et la lutte contre la discrimination : mémoire déposé par l’Institut universitaire SHERPA dans le cadre des consultations 2023 du Secrétariat de la jeunesse pour son plan d’action 2024
Fernandes, V., Rudaz, P., Pontbriand, A., & Bentayeb, N. Annie Pontbriand, Naïma Bentayeb (2023, octobre)
Ce mémoire a pour objectif de proposer des recommandations afin de mieux soutenir les jeunes personnes racisées, im/migrantes, réfugiées et/ou s’identifiant à un groupe culturellement minoritaire face à plusieurs enjeux les concernant. Dans le contexte des projections récentes concernant la part grandissante que ces jeunes prendront dans notre société, ainsi que la détérioration du climat social accentuant les discriminations, il nous parait important que le prochain plan d’action jeunesse puisse prévoir des mesures permettant de mieux les soutenir et favoriser leur bien-être et une place active dans la société d’accueil. Ce mémoire s’articule en deux axes principaux. L’Axe 1 traite de la lutte contre la discrimination. Des rapports récents rapportent qu’une proportion importante des jeunes de cette population ressentent un sentiment de discrimination au sein des écoles secondaires, les cégeps et les universités. Le manque d’interactions entre les personnes de différentes cultures et les propos racistes de certains acteur.ice.s scolaires joueraient un rôle important à cet égard. L’Axe 2 traite de l’importance de reconnaitre l’adaptation des services comme un droit. Les perceptions négatives à l’égard des services sociaux, la représentation de la santé mentale, les contrastes de valeurs entre professionnel.le.s et les membres des communautés culturelles minoritaires, les craintes face à la confidentialité des suivis, la méconnaissance des services offerts, les longs délais d’attente ainsi que les barrières linguistiques sont tous décrits comme des obstacles dans l’accès aux services. Face à ces enjeux, nos recommandations visent l’adoption de mesures pour prévenir la discrimination et la mise en place de mesures d’interventions auprès des jeunes ayant vécu de la discrimination, ainsi que l’adaptation des services à leurs réalités et besoins spécifiques. Plus précisément, nous recommandons une meilleure sensibilisation des personnes intervenantes et professionnelles de la santé et services sociaux, une adaptation des services pour une équité d’accès, une valorisation des apports et des expériences des jeunes, une action intersectorielle plus cohérente au niveau institutionnel, mais aussi à travers la collaboration avec les organismes communautaires. Nous recommandons également de travailler à la réduction des multiples barrières structurelles à l’accès aux services.
Prevalence and determinants of anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety–depression symptoms among adolescents in Ebola-affected zones
Cénat, J. M., Dromer, E., Mistry, S., Villarreal, D. G., Farahi, S. M. M. M., Dalexis, R. D., ... & Rousseau, C. Cécile Rousseau (2023, octobre)
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) has been shown to be associated with poor mental health in affected zones. However, no study has yet explored its impact on adolescents’ mental health.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents in EVD-affected areas in the Equateur Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A provincial sample of adolescents aged 12–17 years (M = 14.84, s.d. = 1.49) living in the 18 urban and rural areas affected by the 2018 EVD outbreak completed a two-wave longitudinal survey. Surveys assessed symptoms of depression and anxiety, exposure to Ebola, social support and sociodemographic information.
A total of 490 participants completed the baseline and follow-up surveys, 50% of whom were female. Elevated and worsened depressive symptoms were observed among participants from the baseline (56.94%) to the follow-up (91.43%; z = −11.37, P < 0.001), whereas anxiety symptoms decreased from the baseline (36.33%) to follow-up (24.90%; z = 4.06, P < 0.001). The final generalised estimating equation model showed that anxiety symptoms decreased over time (B = −3.92, P < 0.001), while depression symptoms increased (B = 4.79, P < 0.001). Stigmatisation related to Ebola positively predicted anxiety (B = 5.41, P < 0.001) and depression symptoms (B = 0.4452, P = 0.009). Social support negatively predicted anxiety (B = −1.13, P = 0.004) and depression (B = −0.98, P < 0.001) symptoms but only moderated the association between stigmatisation and depression symptoms (B = −0.67, P < 0.001).
Most adolescents living in EVD-affected areas experience mental health issues. Stigmatisation related to EVD and living in urban areas are the most consistent predictors of mental health problems. Nevertheless, social support remains a protective factor for depression and anxiety symptoms and a necessary resource for building resilience.
Conflit Israël-Hamas : Comment apaiser les tensions dans les écoles du Québec?
Cécile Rousseau. Ohdio! Radio-Canada. 18 octobre 2023 Écouter >>
Striking a balance: triage and crisis intervention models within the pediatric emergency room
Laporte, N., Hechtman, L., Rousseau, C., & Greenfield, B. J.Cécile Rousseau (2023, octobre)
1. Introduction
Upwards of 500,000 pediatric patients visit emergency rooms (ER) annually for psychiatric crises (1), with rates recently increasing (2, 3), necessitating an examination of ER treatment approaches, including triage and crisis interventions. Nurses and pediatricians without specialized psychiatric training often apply a triage approach to such youth’s care (4–8), rapidly admitting or discharging them depending on risks of auto- or hetero-aggression. Alternatively, a crisis intervention model emphasizes diagnosis, immediate treatment and orientation to either inpatient and/or outpatient resources on discharge (9–19). This approach is often multimodal (18), including nurses and social workers experienced in pediatric mental health, thus requiring additional resources compared to triage approaches. The triage (4–8) and crisis intervention (9–16) models have mostly been considered in isolation. When considered in tandem (17–20), there is little elaboration on treatment variables (e.g., alliance, the patient and physician’s emotional responses and time limitations). This article compares the two models and the interplay of these variables with respect to each. A composite case highlights the differences.
Journée de réflexion. Les identités des jeunes adultes descendants de migrants, adoptés ou issus de couples mixtes. Comment penser « l’entre-deux » pour mieux agir
Voir le programme L’objectif de ces deux demi-journées de réflexion fut d’établir des ponts entre les domaines de la recherche et de l’intervention. Ces moments de rencontre et de réflexion ont comme but : D’offrir un espace de discussion et d’échange entre chercheurs et intervenants afin de voir les possibles passerelles entre la recherche et […]
Beyond the Body: Using Photovoice to Explore Social Determinants of Diabetes With South Asian Adolescents in the Peel Region of Ontario
Banerjee, A. T., Islam, S. S., Khan, A., Hussain, N., Ascencio, E., & Hafleen, N. Ananya Banerjee (2023, novembre)
Abstract
Objectives
The higher prevalence of diabetes in the South Asian (SA) population living in Canada spans across generations and is often associated with individual risk factors while undermining the social determinants of health (SDOH). There is a scarcity of studies on the perspectives of SA adolescents with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Learning directly from the adolescents can fill a major gap by providing insight on how the SDOH contribute to disproportionate rates of T2DM in SA immigrant communities.
Methods
In this study we used Photovoice, which is a community-based participatory research (CBPR) method that involves the use of photography to visually capture the challenges of diabetes prevention from the perspective of those with lived experiences. A group of 15 SA youth were recruited from an adolescent diabetes education program in the Peel Region of Ontario. The youth discussed their images and accompanied written narratives during focus groups.
Results
Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the photographs and participant narratives that influence the manifestation of T2DM in SA communities: 1) immigration and resettlement stressors; 2) food insecurity; 3) unhealthy school environments; and 4) academic pressures.
Conclusions
Findings suggest the need to address T2DM as a response to unjust conditions and environments rather than as an epidemic entrenched in genetic predisposition, culture, and poor lifestyle choices.
Traces et mobilités posthumes. Rêver les futurs des défunts en contextes migratoires
Kobelinsky, C. & Rachédi, L. Lilyane Rachédi (2023)
Où être enterré quand on a fait sa vie entre deux pays ? Selon quels rituels ? Comment garantir la transformation d’un défunt en un ancêtre lorsque de nombreuses cérémonies ne peuvent pas être réalisées dans le pays de migration ? Traces et mobilités posthumes prolonge ces interrogations en explorant le rôle – important et à chaque fois singulier – joué par la prise en charge des défunts venus d’ailleurs, dans la façon dont les communautés migrantes se projettent dans l’avenir.
Les huit chapitres qui composent cet ouvrage restituent l’épaisseur des expériences vécues face à la mort en contexte migratoire, en Amérique latine, au Japon, au Canada, mais aussi en Espagne, en Russie et au Sénégal. Aux contributions des chercheuses et des chercheurs en anthropologie, histoire et sociologie, fondées sur des enquêtes ethnographiques ou archivistiques, s’associent les voix des professionnels de l’univers de l’intervention sociale. Ensemble, elles éclairent la gestion quotidienne des morts « étrangers ». Traces et mobilités posthumes donne ainsi à voir les contours de nouveaux horizons, de futurs rêvés des défunts avec les vivants, qui se dessinent à travers le traitement de funérailles et de deuils en migration.
Ouvrage dirigé par Carolina Kobelinsky et Lilyane Rachédi, avec les contributions de José Alavez, Marc-Antoine Berthod, Juliette Cleuziou, Caroline Coulomb, Félicien de Heusch, Grégory Delaplace, Karim Fedji, Filippo Furri, Florence Galmiche, Mathieu Grenet, Josiane Le Gall, Amelia León Correal, Françoise Lestage, Lætitia Marquié, Catherine Montgomery, Jordi Moreras, Jean-Hugues Lamy, EdwardOu Jin Lee, Ariadna Solé Arraràs et Javorka Zivanovic.
Approche herméneutique de l’expérience des enfants de familles migrantes lors de la consultation en santé mentale jeunesse : fragilité, apprivoisement par l’art et réenchantement du monde
Caldairou-Bessette, P., Ouellet-Tremblay, L., Nadeau, L., & Vachon, M. Lucie Nadeau (2023, octobre)
Cadre de la recherche : Comme la migration, particulièrement lorsque forcée peut affecter psychologiquement les enfants, la consultation en santé mentale jeunesse (SMJ) peut faire partie du parcours des familles migrantes. Alors que de rares articles décrivent cette expérience pour les familles et les jeunes (école secondaire), celle des enfants (école primaire) reste encore moins explorée.
Objectif : Cet article se penche sur les données d’entretiens intégrant jeux et dessins menés auprès de 20 enfants de 15 familles migrantes ayant consulté en SMJ (dont certaines réfugiées, demandeuses d’asile ou sans statut). L’objectif est d’explorer l’expérience des enfants en intégrant une méthode d’analyse innovatrice basée sur l’art.
Méthodologie : Nous proposons une méthode herméneutique combinant la psychiatrie transculturelle, la psychologie humaniste et l’interprétation des données par la création littéraire. En cohérence avec ces ancrages, les données d’entretien sont présentées de manière narrative sous la forme d’exemples. L’interprétation des données inclut la création d’un texte littéraire intitulé Jungle et religion.
Résultats : L’interprétation fait ressortir trois volets de l’expérience des enfants : 1) l’expérience migratoire et la fragilité qu’elle implique, 2) le recours à l’art et au jeu comme moyens d’apprivoisement du trauma, et 3) l’idéalisation de l’intervention.
Conclusion : L’expérience comprise des enfants met en lumière à la fois la confusion/peur induite par la migration et la place compensatrice que l’intervention peut prendre, et qui crée la possibilité de vivre des espoirs déçus, mais aussi celle de reconstruire le monde pour l’enfant.
Contribution : L’interprétation des résultats basée sur l’art et la création littéraire a permis de traduire l’expérience des enfants plus justement et de mieux la représenter en langage écrit, alors qu’elle nous a principalement été transmise par les enfants en paroles, en jeux et en images.
La persistance des inégalités d’accès aux systèmes de santé
Ridde, V., & Gautier, L. (2023, octobre)
Pour traiter efficacement et exhaustivement des inégalités dans le monde, il convient d’en aborder toutes les facettes. Il est nécessaire d’étudier les inégalités de richesse entres États d’une part, et au sein même de ces États d’autre part. Il faut également s’intéresser à la pauvreté de certaines populations ou groupes de population, mais aussi à la richesse et à la très grande richesse d’autres groupes de population. C’est aussi dresser un panorama des autres types d’inégalités, hommes – femmes, entre générations, etc. et analyser si celles-ci sont en croissance ou en décroissance. Et enfin il s’agit de faire un tour d’horizon de l’Asie, de l’Amérique latine (continent le plus inégalitaire au monde), de l’Afrique et de l’Europe qui demeure un continent relativement égalitaire en comparaison.
Editorial: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health challenges in low-income settings
Alam, N., Merry, L., Browne, J., & Nahar, Q. Lisa Merry (2023, septembre)
Adolescents and young adults (10–24 years old) represent a substantial proportion of the world’s population and the majority live in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Significant global attention has been given to improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) of adolescents and young adults, however, despite progress, the gains have been inequitable across countries largely due to harmful social norms, toxic gender stereotypes, and acute power imbalances in many LMICs, especially for females. In LMICs, poor infrastructure, poverty, and high levels of gender-based violence, have significantly impeded women and adolescent girls’ access to SRH services. Moreover, a large number of adolescents and young adults, especially those living in conflict and temporary settlement centers, are at high risk of sexual violence, genital cutting, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and maternal death. In our Research Topic for Frontiers of Public Health, our objective was to contribute to the advancement of SRHR among adolescents and young adults living in LMICs. As such, we solicited articles that addressed one or more of the following topics: child marriage, contraception, unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, STI/HIV/AIDS including HPV vaccine coverages, gender-based violence, sex trafficking, and exploitation, poor menstrual hygiene practices, menstrual problems, and other gynecological illnesses, SRHR of adolescents in refugee settlements, adolescent-friendly health services, adolescent SRH policies, and governance.
Within this Research Topic, a number of manuscripts were published. Two focused on adolescents in Bangladesh and analyzed data from a recent national adolescent health and wellbeing survey; the first article, entitled “Factors that provide protection against intimate partner physical violence among married adolescents in Bangladesh,” found that 16% of married adolescent girls experienced intimate partners physical violence (IPPV) (Rahman et al.). Results showed that IPPV risk was lower when living with parents-in-law or parents and when girls were married to men aged 21 or older; IPPV risk was higher among girls with a longer duration of marriage and no living children. The second article, entitled “What shapes attitudes on gender roles among adolescents in Bangladesh,” showed that among unmarried adolescents, girls were significantly more likely compared to boys to hold egalitarian views regarding gender roles (58 vs. 19%) (Streatfield et al.). Egalitarian views were significantly higher among both girls and boys if they were members of social organizations, participated in adolescent programs and had completed at least grade 10. Taken together the two papers highlight the importance of education, policy (minimum age for marriage), and the implementation of community level interventions toward advancing gender-equity and protecting young women from IPPV, and its associated adverse health outcomes, in Bangladesh.
The topic of contraception and family planning, important for the prevention of pregnancy and averting the health and social consequences that are associated with unwanted pregnancy, were addressed in two papers. The article “Social-psychological determinants of hormonal contraceptive use intentions among adolescent girls in the Bono East Region of Ghana,” highlights how positive attitudes regarding hormonal contraceptives, and self-efficacy to access and use hormonal contraceptives, are positively correlated with hormonal contraceptive use intention, thus underscoring the importance of comprehensive sex education, including enhancing adolescents’ skills and sense of competence to access and use contraceptives (Boamah-Kaali et al.). Similar conclusions were also drawn in the paper: “What are the sources of contraceptives for married and unmarried adolescents: Health services or friends? Analysis of 59 low- and middle-income countries” (Hellwig and Barros). Using national health survey data from 59 LMICs, it was shown that in almost half of the countries, the use of modern contraceptives is lower among sexually active adolescents when compared to sexually active adult women. Results also showed, that in a number of countries, adolescents are less likely to access contraceptives in the public sector, especially unmarried girls. In all regions, unmarried girls, compared to their married counterparts, were more likely to access contraceptives from friends and family. Another article, which addressed the use of reproductive more broadly, further underscored the importance of sex education, and also the necessity for services to be easily accessible; in “Reproductive health service use and associated factors among youths in Becho district, southwest Ethiopia,” the researchers found that the use of reproductive health services was relatively low (44% utilized services) among youth and that knowledge of services, discussions with parents about reproductive health, as well as close proximity of a health facility, were key predictors of reproductive health service use (Waga et al.).
Lastly, implementation and sustainability of sexual and reproductive health services, was a topic in two papers. The article: “Planning, implementation, and sustaining high coverage of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs: What works in the context of low-resource countries?,” provides a comprehensive overview of challenges and facilitators to HPV vaccination program implementation in LMICs (Waheed et al.). Results showed that data availability, management and reporting and supply chain difficulties are significant issues, while involvement of multi-sectoral key stakeholders, careful planning and coordination, and communication and training at all levels (district administrators, healthcare staff, teachers, and support personnel), are vital toward ensuring successful and sustained implementation of HPV programs. In their paper, entitled: “Accelerated institutionalization of an adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) intervention in Tanzania: Findings from a mixed-methods evaluation,” the authors describe the institutionalization and scale-up of a contraceptive-delivery intervention into government healthcare institutions across Tanzania; the intervention, which includes in-clinic care and a community-outreach component, aims to educate, but also to empower girls by focusing on life planning and skills acquisition (Cutherell et al.). Commitment and early, active involvement of key stakeholders, including government officials and healthcare providers, and ongoing engagement and training, were also identified in this study as important facilitating factors for successful implementation of the intervention. Integrating the intervention within existing structures, was also shown to facilitate the institutionalization process.
In sum, the research reported in this Research Topic highlights the critical role that governments in LMICs must play to ensure SRH services are available, easily accessible and responsive to the needs of adolescents and youth; these services should provide education, enhance self-efficacy and improve skills with regards to accessing and using services and care, but also equally important, is the empowerment of girls. Policies are also crucial; they should promote young people to study longer and to delay marriage until a later age. The studies also emphasize the importance of comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within school to improve knowledge, but also to eventually shift cultural and social norms that contribute to poor SRH outcomes, especially for girls and young women. Overall, the authors conclude that more evidence and continued work by researchers, care-providers and policy makers, are still needed to improve gender equality and the SRH of adolescents and youth in LMICs. The work reported in this Research Topic offers a point of departure for those looking to contribute and advance the SRH field. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the authors, reviewers and editors of Frontiers in Public Health, for their contributions to this Research Topic.
Prevalence and Factors Related to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Symptoms Among Children and Adolescents Survivors and Orphans of Ebola Virus Disease in Democratic Republic of the Congo Eastern Regions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Cénat, J. M., Farahi, S. M. M. M., Rousseau, C., Bukaka, J., Darius, W. P., Derivois, D., ... & Luyeye, N. Cécile Rousseau (2023, septembre)
Abstract
Purpose
Although previous studies have shown a high prevalence of mental health problems among adult Ebola virus disease survivors, no studies have yet been conducted on mental health problems among children and adolescents in affected regions. Consequently, the current study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among children and adolescent survivors and orphans by utilizing a cross-sectional survey following the 2018–2020 epidemic in Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Methods
A total of 146 survivors (mean age = 13.62, standard deviation [SD] = 2.50, 49.32% female), 233 orphans (mean age = 13.18, SD = 2.96, 53.32% female), and 34 orphan-survivor participants (mean age = 13.39, SD = 2.87, 44.12% female) were recruited. Participants completed measures assessing depression and PTSD symptoms, traumatic experiences, and stigma related to Ebola and COVID-19.
Results
The prevalence of depression and PTSD symptoms was 87.32% and 44.42%, respectively. Results showed significant differences in depression and PTSD symptoms between orphan-survivors (100% and 97.06%), survivors (90.21% and 75.86%), and orphans (83.48% and 16.52%; χ2(2) = 9.02; p = .011 and χ2(2) = 168.85; p < .001). Experience of traumatic events, Ebola stigmatization, and COVID-19 stigmatization positively predicted depression and PTSD symptoms. The regression models explained 61%–72% of the variance of depression and PTSD.
Discussion
The results reveal that the Ebola virus disease and its associated grief severely jeopardize the mental health of children and adolescents in affected regions. Despite the relative paucity of resources, intervention programs may be helpful to minimize associated stigma and promote psychological support.
Keywords
e–Mental Health Program to Prevent Psychological Distress Among French-Speaking International Students in a Linguistic-Cultural Minority Context (Ottawa, Alberta, and Quebec): Protocol for the Implementation and Evaluation of Psy-Web
Beogo, I., Ramdé, J., Anne, A., Gagnon, M. P., Sia, D., & Tchouaket, E. N. Drissa Sia (2023, septembre)
Abstract
Background:Based on experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic, postsecondary institutions were most affected by the restrictions. Students, especially international students, have borne the brunt associated with in-person learning restrictions imposed by public health recommendations. Canada is among the top 3 countries hosting international students (ISs), including Francophone students in provinces such as Quebec and other anglophone regions. Academic restrictions were accompanied by other measures such as quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, and travel ban, to cite some. This has had a wide-ranging impact on these ISs. The resulting psychological distress and burden may have a much greater impact on Francophone ISs in anglophone settings, many of whom had ordinarily limited access to active offers of care in French in addition to cultural barriers and low literacy of the health care system. In order to take advantage of the effectiveness of eHealth as a pertinent and promising avenue, our project intends to build a web-based application that is cost-effective, user-friendly, anonymous, and capable to prompt interactive interventions as a first-line resource for psychological distress. In fact, internet applications have been increasingly used for the management of psychological distresses, and internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy is one of the preferred methods to prevent or control them.
Objective:The aims of this study are to (1) design, implement, and maintain Psy-Web for the psychological support of ISs and (2) analyze the results of the implementation of the Psy-Web platform, the additional resources solicited, and the results obtained.
Methods:This interventional project will use a sequential mixed design in the exploratory phase (phase 1) including the construction of the Psy-Web platform. A quantitative prospective component (phase 2) will include the intervention content of the Psy-Web platform. In total, 105 ISs participants (study group) and 52 ISs (control group), based on a ratio of 1:2, will be considered. The control group participants include those who did not use the web platform.
Results:The project is at the data collection stage (phase 1). Psy-Web will be built in accordance with the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) model with the perspective of boosting its robustness. As a first-line resource to prevent psychological distress and ultimately improve their academic performance, Psy-Web is an innovative opportunity for high education managers. The project involves a multisectoral and a multidisciplinary partnership.
Conclusions:The project will develop a promising web-based solution to prevent psychological distress. Ultimately, Psy-Web will be operable in multiple languages including French.
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID):PRR1-10.2196/47059
JMIR Res Protoc 2023;12:e47059
Relationships Between Family Connectedness and Stress-Triggering Problems Among Adolescents: Potential Mediating Role of Coping Strategies
Gervais, C., & Jose, P. E. Christine Gervais (2023, septembre)
Did the design and planning of testing and contact tracing interventions for COVID-19 consider social inequalities in health? A multiple case study from Brazil, Canada, France & Mali
Gagnon-Dufresne, M. C., Gautier, L., Beaujoin, C., Boivin, P., Coulibaly, A., Richard, Z., Cloos, P. & Zinszer, K. Lara Gautier, Patrick Cloos (2023, octobre)
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented global crisis. It has exposed and exacerbated weaknesses in public health systems worldwide, particularly with regards to reaching the most vulnerable populations, disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. The objective of our study was to examine whether and how social inequalities in health (SIH) were considered in the design and planning of public health responses to COVID-19 in jurisdictions of Brazil, Canada, France, and Mali. This article reports on a qualitative multiple case study of testing and contact tracing interventions in regions with high COVID-19 incidence in each country, namely: Manaus (Brazil), Montréal (Canada), Île-de-France (France), and Bamako (Mali). We conducted interviews with 108 key informants involved in these interventions in the four jurisdictions, focusing on the first and second waves of the pandemic. We analyzed our data thematically using a theoretical bricolage framework. Our analysis suggests that the lack of a common understanding of SIH among all actors involved and the sense of urgency brought by the pandemic eclipsed the prioritization of SIH in the initial responses. The pandemic increased intersectoral collaboration, but decision-making power was often unequal between Ministries of Health and other actors in each jurisdiction. Various adaptations to COVID-19 interventions were implemented to reach certain population groups, therefore improving the accessibility, availability, and acceptability of testing and contact tracing. Our study contributes to identifying lessons learned from the current pandemic, namely that the ways in which SIH are understood shape how interventions are planned; that having clear guidelines on how to integrate SIH into public health interventions could lead to more inclusive pandemic responses; that for intersectoral collaboration to be fruitful, there needs to be sufficient resources and equitable decision-making power between partners; and that interventions must be flexible to respond to emerging needs while considering long-standing structural inequalities.
Full remission and recovery in a case of severe childhood psychosis after completion of a psychiatric day program
Mubasher, R., Heyman, M., & Kronick, R.Rachel Kronick (2023, septembre)
Abstract
Psychotic disorders with childhood onset before age 13 are rare and may have worse prognosis than their adult counterparts, although early detection and treatment may improve outcomes. This paper presents a case of a severe primary psychotic disorder in an 8-year-old child. Early initiation of antipsychotic medication combined with participation in an intensive, 6-month psychiatric day treatment program for children resulted in full remission of psychotic symptoms and a highly successful school reintegration. This case highlights the importance of early pharmacological and psychosocial interventions in improving outcomes in childhood-onset psychosis and potentially altering the course of a chronic and debilitating illness like schizophrenia.
Barriers and facilitators of access to sexual and reproductive health services among migrant, internally displaced, asylum seeking and refugee women: A scoping review
Sawadogo, P. M., Sia, D., Onadja, Y., Beogo, I., Sangli, G., Sawadogo, N., ... & Tchouaket Nguemeleu, E. Drissa Sia (2023, septembre)
Abstract
Introduction
Migrant, internally displaced, asylum seeking and refugee women experience ongoing risks of having their reproductive healthcare rights violated. This ever-increasing population also has limited access to sexual and reproductive health services. We conducted a scoping review to identify the barriers and facilitating factors when accessing sexual and reproductive health services for this specific population.
Methods
We searched the grey literature and queried eight bibliographic databases (Embase, Medline, Cinahl, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Hinari, and Cochrane Library) to extract articles published between January, 2000, and October, 2021. The extracted data were organized in a framework adapted from Peters et al. and then categorized as facilitators or barriers. We followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework and wrote the report according to the PRISMA-Scr recommendations.
Results
The search identified 4,722 records of which forty-two (42) met eligibility criteria and were retained for analysis. Ten (10) groups of factors facilitating and/or limiting access to sexual and reproductive health care emerged from the synthesis of the retained articles. The main barriers were lack of knowledge about services, cultural unacceptability of services, financial inaccessibility, and language barriers between patients and healthcare providers. Facilitators included mobile applications for translation and telehealth consultations, patients having a wide availability of information sources, the availability health promotion representatives, and healthcare providers being trained in cultural sensitivity, communication and person-centered care.
Conclusion
Ensuring the sexual and reproductive rights of migrant, internally displaced, asylum-seeking and refugee women requires that policymakers and health authorities develop intervention strategies based on barriers and facilitators identified in this scoping review. Therefore, considering their mental health in future studies would enable a better understanding of the barriers and facilitators of access to sexual and reproductive health services.