Carrés, cimetières et musulmans. Les impensés de l’immigration et de la citoyenneté au Québec
Rachédi, L., Idir, M., & Sarenac, J. (2018)
Cet article présente l’analyse des résultats d’une étude commandée par le ministère de l’Immigration, de la Diversité et de l’Inclusion, portant sur les besoins et les enjeux entourant les demandes de terrains confessionnels pour les personnes de confession ou de culture musulmane au Québec. Il ne présente pas d’hypothèse scientifique en soi. Il propose d’abord de considérer les lieux de sépulture comme marqueurs de temporalité et d’intégration. Ensuite, les résultats démontrent un processus de négociation de la norme religieuse de la part des musulmans, entre autres, pour soutenir le deuil. Enfin, l’étude insiste sur l’urgence de considérer très sérieusement le sentiment d’islamophobie vécu et de traiter de l’enjeu des lieux de sépulture dans une optique de citoyenneté active et d’égalité.
Philosophie, polarisations sociales et dérives sécuritaires
Journée d’étude Dans un contexte où les tensions manifestes entre majorités et minorités l’échelle locale, nationale comme internationale s’aggravent et où les inégalités sociales sont en perpétuelle croissance, cette journée a pour objectif d’offrir une occasion de débat en mettant en exergue l’apport de la philosophie aux tensions actuelles qui traversent la société. Elle propose […]
(La) Diversité ethnoculturelle dans le contexte scolaire québécois : Pratiquer le vivre-ensemble
Kanouté, F. et J. Charette (2018, mai)
La force de cet ouvrage réside dans le souci de traiter des enjeux propres à la diversité ethnoculturelle en conjuguant les points de vue de plusieurs acteurs des milieux scolaire et périscolaire – élèves, étudiants, parents, enseignants, gestionnaires et intervenants communautaires. Il brosse un portrait nuancé de la situation actuelle et ses auteures, spécialistes des questions de diversité, d’équité et d’inclusion, présentent des analyses documentées et solides sur les conditions mises en place pour favoriser l’épanouissement des élèves issus de l’immigration, dans la perspective fondamentale du vivre-ensemble. L’ouvrage met en lumière des aspects importants de ces enjeux : le vécu migratoire des jeunes, leur construction identitaire ; les relations entre les élèves, les enseignants, les parents et les intervenants communautaires, ainsi que les perceptions de chaque groupe d’acteurs ; les approches pour promouvoir la réussite scolaire et consolider le sentiment d’appartenance. Il présente des pistes d’action pour améliorer ou transformer les pratiques, inspirer les politiques et contribuer à la formation de ceux et celles qui travaillent dans les écoles et auprès des familles.
Intégrismes laïques et religieux: un même combat pour gouverner les corps
Le Devoir, 19 mars 2018 Texte de Abdelwahed Mekki-Berrada Lire>>
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Clinique Mauve
Programme CoVivre
Addendum Hésitation vaccinale à l’hiver 2022 Addendum pour intervenants Webinaire sur l’addendum (disponible à partir du 10 mars) Outils Soutien à la prise de décision pour la vaccination des 5-11 ans Outil Parents disponible en 17 langues Outils Intervenants Outils Tensions vaccinales dans différents milieux Outils développés par la Croix-Rouge canadienne Outils pour les milieux scolaires Entrevue […]
Legal Status and Vulnerabilities
I. Atak and F.Crépeau (2018)
Mental Health Needs and Services for Migrants: An Overview for Primary Care Providers
C. Rousseau et R. Frounfelker (2018)
Abstract Background
The objective of this article is to present an overview of the burden, spectrum of diseases, and risk factors for mental illness among subgroups of migrants, namely immigrants, refugees, and individuals with precarious legal status. This expert review summarizes some of the implications for primary care services in migrant receiving countries in the global North.
Methods
A broad literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of mental health disorder in migrants and refugee and on the available evidence on mental health services for this population focusing on key issues for primary care practitioners in high income countries.
Results
Although most migrants are resilient, migration is associated with an overrepresentation of mental disorder in specific subpopulations. There is general consensus that stress related disorders are more prevalent among refugee populations of all ages compared to the general population. Relative to refugees, migrants with precarious legal status may be at even higher risk for depression and anxiety disorders. Persistence and severity of psychiatric disorders among migrant populations can be attributed to a combination of factors, including severity of trauma exposures during the migration process. Exposure to stressors after resettlement, such as poverty and limited social support, also impact mental illness. Services for migrants are affected by restricted accessibility, and should address cultural and linguistic barriers and issues in the larger social environment that impact psychosocial functioning.
Conclusion
There is substantial burden of mental illness among some migrant populations. Primary care providers seeking to assist individuals need to be cognizant of language barriers and challenges of working with interpreters as well as sensitive to cultural and social contexts within the diagnosis and service delivery process. In addition, best practices in screening migrants and providing intervention services for mental disorders need to be sensitive to where individuals and families are in the resettlement trajectory.
Canadian Response to Need for Transformation of Youth Mental Health Services: Access Open Minds (Esprits Ouverts)
Malla, A.; Iyer, S.; Shah, J.; Joober, R., Rousseau, C. et al. (2018)
Aim
Youth mental health is of paramount significance to society globally. Given early onset of mental disorders and the inadequate access to appropriate services, a meaningful service transformation, based on globally recognized principles, is necessary. The aim of this paper is to describe a national Canadian project designed to achieve transformation of mental health services and to evaluate the impact of such transformation on individual and system related outcomes.
Method
We describe a model for transformation of services for youth with mental health and substance abuse problems across 14 geographically, linguistically and culturally diverse sites, including large and small urban, rural, First Nations and Inuit communities as well as homeless youth and a post‐secondary educational setting. The principles guiding service transformation and objectives are identical across all sites but the method to achieve them varies depending on prevailing resources, culture, geography and the population to be served and how each community can best utilize the extra resources for transformation.
Results
Each site is engaged in community mapping of services followed by training, active stakeholder engagement with youth and families, early case identification initiatives, providing rapid access (within 72 hours) to an assessment of the presenting problems, facilitating connection to an appropriate service within 30 days (if required) with no transition based on age within the 11 to 25 age group and a structured evaluation to track outcomes over the period of the study.
Conclusions
Service transformation that is likely to achieve substantial change involves very detailed and carefully orchestrated processes guided by a set of values, principles, clear objectives, training and evaluation. The evidence gathered from this project can form the basis for scaling up youth mental health services in Canada across a variety of environments.
Enacting Autism: Immigrant Family Negotiations With Nosology in Practice
Pereira Pondé, M.; Bassi Arcand, FMN., Cunha, L. A., & Rousseau, C. (2018)
This article describes how autism spectrum disorder is experienced in the context of immigrant families and how the meaning of this condition, proposed by professionals in the host country, is negotiated between families and healthcare providers. The study sample consists of 44 parents of different nationalities and their 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) living in a socioeconomically deprived neighborhood of Montreal, Canada. Individual parent interviews were audiotaped and transcribed for subsequent analysis. Results suggest that – although they may sometimes be a source of anxiety – the uncertainties regarding the etiology of ASD, as well as the gap between the explanatory models (EMs) proposed by host country professionals and the impressions of parents, seem to increase the capacity of families to resist the imposition of what they perceive as external categories. Parents perceived the day-to-day difficulties associated with their child’s condition as a form of social exclusion that compromised their child’s future and independence. These day-to-day difficulties were also described as directly affecting the parents’ social life, constituting an important emotional and physical burden. When talking about their children, parents described the painfulness of their experiences, but also discussed how their autistic child had transformed and shaped their lives. Overall, these results show how the disease is “enacted” in the day-to-day life of parents; and suggest that such an embodied understanding of ASD may sometimes represent a form of re-appropriation of power by families faced with adversity.
Rethinking Western Muslim Identity with Social Representations
T. Younis et G. Hassan (2018)
The research subject of social identity among Western Muslims raises concern, as it is questionable if one can dissociate its political implications from academic analysis. This article uses the concept of social representations as a viable alternative in providing a more nuanced depiction of Western Muslim identity dynamics. We first illustrate the need to go beyond the identity construct in social psychology, as it may potentially reproduce the moral panic surrounding Muslims in public consciousness. We then propose an alternative conceptualisation Western Muslim identity – using social representations – which emphasizes the importance of common-sensical knowledge structures. We discuss the necessity of understanding Western Muslim group dynamics without politically reifying the implicit incongruity of national/religious affiliations via the construct of ‘identity’.
Projets identitaires parentaux des couples mixtes au Québec et au Maroc. Similitudes et effets du contexte national
Therrien, C.; Le Gall, J. (2017)
L’article a pour objectif d’examiner l’impact du contexte national sur la mixité conjugale et plus spécifiquement sur les processus de transmission identitaire à travers une comparaison du contexte marocain et du contexte québécois. Il s’appuie sur des travaux ethnographiques qui se sont intéressés aux projets identitaires parentaux d’individus engagés dans des expériences de mixité conjugale. Une telle comparaison entre deux contextes très différents (le Québec étant une société laïque et d’immigration et le Maroc un pays musulman et d’émigration) fait ressortir les différences et les similitudes dans les processus de transmission identitaires des couples mixtes. L’effet du contexte ne concerne pas tant les projets identitaires en tant que tels que leur déploiement. Dans les deux pays, les familles mixtes vivent leur projet familial en non-conformité avec le modèle social majoritaire.
The gap between coverage and care—what can Canadian paediatricians do about access to health services for refugee claimant children?
Rink, N.; Muttalib, F.; Morantz, G.; Chase, L.; Cleveland, J.; Rousseau, C.; Li, P. (2017)
In June 2012, the government of Canada severely restricted the scope of the Interim Federal Health Program that had hitherto provided coverage for the health care needs of refugee claimants. The Quebec government decided to supplement coverage via the provincial health program. Despite this, we hypothesized that refugee claimant children in Montreal would continue to experience significant difficulties in accessing basic health care.
(1) Report the narrative experiences of refugee claimant families who were denied health care services in Montreal following June 2012, (2) describe the predominant barriers to accessing health care services and understanding their impact using thematic analysis and (3) derive concrete recommendations for child health care providers to improve access to care for refugee claimant children.
Eleven parents recruited from two sites in Montreal participated in semi-structured interviews designed to elicit a narrative account of their experiences seeking health care. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded using NVivo software and subjected to thematic analysis.
Thematic analysis of the data revealed five themes concerning barriers to health care access: lack of continuous health coverage, health care administrators/providers’ lack of understanding of Interim Federal Health Program coverage, refusal of services or fees charged, refugee claimants’ lack of understanding about health care rights and services and language barriers, and four themes concerning the impact of denial of care episodes: potential for adverse health outcomes, psychological distress, financial burden and social stigma.
Conclusion
We propose eight action points for advocacy by Canadian paediatricians to improve access to health care for refugee claimant children in their communities and institutions.
Challenges Newly-Arrived Migrant Women in Montreal Face When Needing Maternity Care: Health Care Professionals’ Perspectives
Peláez, S.; Hendricks, K.; N Merry, L.; Gagnon, AJ. (2017)
People who leave their country of origin, or the country of habitual residence, to establish themselves permanently in another country are usually referred to as migrants. Over half of all births in Montreal, Canada are to migrant women. To understand healthcare professionals’ attitudes towards migrants that could influence their delivery of care, our objective was to explore their perspectives of challenges newly-arrived migrant women from non-Western countries face when needing maternity care.
Method
In this qualitative multiple case study, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 63 health care professionals from four teaching hospitals in Montreal, known for providing maternity care to a high volume of migrant women. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed.
Results
Physicians, nurses, social workers, and therapists participated; 90% were female; and 17% were themselves migrants from non-Western countries. According to participants, newly-arrived migrant women face challenges at two levels: (a) direct care (e.g., understanding Canadian health care professionals’ expectations, communicating effectively with health care professionals), and (b) organizational (e.g., access to appropriate health care). Challenges women face are strongly influenced by the migrant woman’s background as well as social position (e.g., general education, health literacy, socio-cultural integration) and by how health care professionals balance women’s needs with perceived requirement to adhere to standard procedures and regulations.
Conclusions
Health care professionals across institutions agreed that maternity care-related challenges faced by newly-arrived migrant women often are complex in that they are simultaneously driven by conflicting values: those based on migrant women’s sociocultural backgrounds versus those related to the implementation of Canadian guidelines for maternity care in which consideration of migrant women’s particular needs are not priority.
Research Handbook on Climate Change, Migration and the Law
Mayer, B.; Crépeau, F. (2017)
Concerns have arisen in recent decades about the impact of climate change on human mobility. Many people affected by climate change are forced or otherwise decide to migrate within or across international borders. Despite its clear importance, many questions remain open regarding the nature of the climate-migration nexus and its implications for laws and institutions. In the face of such uncertainty, this Research Handbook offers a comprehensive picture of laws and institutions relevant to climate migration and the multiple, often contradictory perspectives on the topic.
Carefully edited chapters by leading scholars in the field provide a cross section of the various debates on what laws do, can do and should do in relation to the impacts of climate change on migration. A first part analyses the relations between climate change and migration. A second part explores how existing laws and institutions address the climate-migration nexus. In the final part, the chapters discuss possible ways forward.
This timely Research Handbook provides much-needed insight into this complex issue for graduate and post-graduate students in climate change or migration law. It will also appeal to students and scholars in political science, international relations, environmental studies and migration studies, as well as policymakers and advocates
Postpartum Pain in the Community among Migrant and Non-Migrant Women in Canada
Mahon, A.; Merry, L.; Lu, O.; Gagnon, AJ. (2017)
International migrant women of childbearing age represent a large proportion of immigrants to high-income countries, yet research focusing on their postpartum health is limited. We investigated predictive factors for breast and non-breast pain 1 week post-birth in migrant and non-migrant women in Canada. Among migrant women, difficulty accessing health services; being from a middle-or high-income country; poor functionality in English and French; living with the father of their infant; and having no regular care provider were predictive of breast pain. Among non-migrant women, difficulties accessing health services, multiparity and prenatal education were predictive of breast pain, while receiving an epidural and having no regular care provider were predictive of non-breast pain. Among both groups, difficulties accessing health services and having no regular care provider were predictive of breast pain, while second degree or higher perineal tearing was predictive of non-breast pain. Migration-specific indicators should be considered in postpartum care planning.
KEYWORDS:
Exister, appartenir et transmettre: ARTCIRCQ comme espace de mieux-être pour les jeunes inuit d’Igloolik
Lemaire, A.; Vachon, M.; Fraser, S. (2017)
Les exemples liés à l’utilisation de l’art comme moyen d’expression et de transformation foisonnent chez les autochtones. Toutefois, nous en connaissons peu sur ce qui se produit en termes de transformations via l’art et la créativité du point de vue de l’expérience des jeunes eux-mêmes. Cette étude, s’insérant dans un devis ethnographique, porte un regard phénoménologique sur un collectif de cirque (Artcirq) dans une communauté inuit et vise à mieux comprendre le vécu des jeunes qui y participent. Nos données de recherche incluent à la fois des entrevues avec les jeunes inuit impliqués dans Artcirq, des notes et observations de terrain et des entretiens complémentaires avec divers acteurs de la communauté. Nos analyses nous amènent à décrire trois dimensions centrales à l’expérience des jeunes, relativement à Artcirq comme espace : 1) où reconnaître et développer ses forces ; 2) où se lier et appartenir et 3) où vivre sa culture inuit et la transmettre. Les implications potentiellement thérapeutiques de tels espaces communautaires au service du mieux-être des jeunes inuit sont évoquées en discussion.
The mothering experience of women with female genital cutting raising “uncut” daughters, in Africa and in the West
Koukoui, S.; Hassan, G.; Guzder, J. (2017)
While Female Genital Cutting (FGM/C) is a deeply entrenched cultural practice, there is now mounting evidence for a gradual decline in prevalence in a number of geographical areas in Africa and following migration to non-practicing countries. Consequently, there is now a growing number of women with FGM/C who are raising ‘uncut’ daughters. This study used a qualitative methodology to investigate the experience of women with FGM/C raising daughters who have not been subjected to the ritual. The aim of this study was to shed light on mothers’ perception of the meaning and cultural significance of the practice and to gain insight into their mothering experience of ‘uncut’ girls. To this end, in-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen mothers living in Abidjan, Ivory Coast and in Montreal, Canada (8 and 7, respectively). Thirteen mothers intrinsically refused to perpetuate FGM/C onto their daughters and two diasporic mothers were in favour of FGM/C but forewent the practice for fear of legal repercussions. Whether the eschewing of FGM/C was deliberate or legally imposed, raising ‘uncut’ daughters had significant consequences in terms of women’s mothering experiences. Mothers faced specific challenges pertaining to community and family pressure to have daughters undergo FGM/C, and expressed concerns regarding their daughters’ sexuality. Conversely, women’s narratives were also infused with pride and hope for their daughters, and revealed an accrued dialogue between the mother-daughter dyad about cultural norms and sexuality. Interestingly, women’s mothering experience was also bolstered by the existence of informal networks of support between mothers with FGM/C whose daughters were ‘uncut’. These communities of mothers engaged in open dialogue about the consequences of FGM/C and offered reciprocal solidarity and support in their decision to forego FGM/C for their children. Women with FGM/C who are raising ‘uncut’ daughters in their homeland and in their country of immigration vastly report a positive experience. However, they also face specific challenges related to immigration, psychosocial, and psychosexual considerations, which must be tackled from a multidisciplinary perspectiveBackground
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Provider and Patient Related Determinants ofDiabetes Self-Management Among Recent Immigrants in Toronto: Implications forSystemic Change
Hyman, I.; Patychuk, D.; Zaidi, Q.; Kljujic, D.; Shakya, Y.B.; Rummens, J.A.; Creatore, M.; Vissandjee, B. (2017)
Objective To examine provider- and patient-related factors associated with diabetes self-management among recent immigrants.
Design Demographic and experiential data were collected using an international survey instrument and adapted to the Canadian context. The final questionnaire was pretested and translated into 4 languages: Mandarin, Tamil, Bengali, and Urdu.
Setting Toronto, Ont.
Participants A total of 130 recent immigrants with a self-reported diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus who had resided in Canada for 10 years or less.
Main outcome measures Diabetes self-management practices (based on a composite of 5 diabetes self-management practices, and participants achieved a score for each adopted practice); and the quality of the provider-patient interaction (measured with a 5-point Likert-type scale that consisted of questions addressing participants’ perceptions of discrimination and equitable care).
Results A total of 130 participants in this study were recent immigrants to Canada from 4 countries of origin—Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and China. Two factors were significant in predicting diabetes self-management among recent immigrants: financial barriers, specifically, not having enough money to manage diabetes expenses (P = .0233), and the quality of the provider-patient relationship (P = .0016). Participants who did not have enough money to manage diabetes were 9% less likely to engage in self-management practices; and participants who rated the quality of their interactions with providers as poor were 16% less likely to engage in self-management practices.
Conclusion Financial barriers can undermine effective diabetes self-management among recent immigrants. Ensuring that patients feel comfortable and respected and that they are treated in culturally sensitive ways is also critical to good diabetes self-management.
Addressing culture and context in humanitarian response: preparing desk reviews to inform mental health and psychosocial support
Greene, MC.; Jordans M,; Kohrt B,; Ventevogel P,; Kirmayer L,; Hassan G,; Chaument A,; van Ommeren M.; Tol, WA" (2017)
Delivery of effective mental health and psychosocial support programs requires knowledge of existing health systems and socio-cultural context. To respond rapidly to humanitarian emergencies, international organizations often seek to design programs according to international guidelines and mobilize external human resources to manage and deliver programs. Familiarizing international humanitarian practitioners with local culture and contextualizing programs is essential to minimize risk of harm, maximize benefit, and optimize efficient use of resources. Timely literature reviews on traditional health practices, cultural beliefs and attitudes toward mental health and illness, local health care systems and previous experiences with humanitarian interventions can provide international practitioners with crucial background information to improve their capacity to work efficiently and with maximum benefit. In this paper, we draw on experience implementing desk review guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNHCR, the United Nations Refugee Agency (2012) in four diverse humanitarian crises (earthquakes in Haiti and Nepal; forced displacement among Syrians and Congolese). We discuss critical parameters for the design and implementation of desk reviews, and discuss current challenges and future directions to improve mental health care and psychosocial support in humanitarian emergencies.
Adapter les mesures préventives de santé et de sécurité pour les travailleurs qui cumulent des précarités : les obligations d’équité
Gravel, S.; Lippel, K.; Vergara, D.; Dubé, J.; Ducharme, J-F.; Legendre, G. (2017)
Cet article rapporte les constats d’une revue de la littérature et d’une consultation d’experts sur la santé de travailleurs cumulant des précarités : ceux embauchés par des agences de location de main-d’œuvre, les petites entreprises non syndiquées et les étrangers temporaires. On constate que : a) il est difficile de dresser un portrait de l’état de santé de ces travailleurs ; b) faute de pouvoir les distinguer au sein des entreprises, ils ne bénéficient d’aucune attention particulière ; c) ils sont souvent embauchés dans des secteurs non prioritaires, où la surveillance n’est pas assidue ; d) ils sont en marge des pratiques de SST parce qu’ils sont de passage dans les entreprises. Ces faits contribuent à les mettre à l’écart, alors qu’il serait possible d’adapter les pratiques préventives aux travailleurs cumulant des précarités en recadrant les obligations scientifiques, administratives, légales et morales de justice sociale des instances de santé et de sécurité au travail (SST).
Le recours ā l’embauche des travailleurs étrangers temporaires dans les secteurs saisonniers au Québec: Le point de vue des employeurs
Gravel, S.; Bernstein, S.; Villanueva, F.; Hanley, J.; Crespo-Villarreal, D.; Ostiguy, E. (2017)
Résumé:
Pour combler ses besoins de main-d’œuvre peu qualifiée dans les secteurs saisonniers, le Canada embauche des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (TÉT). Dans le cadre d’une étude sur les enjeux de gestion de l’embauche des TÉT, des employeurs et des informateurs-clés ont été interrogés sur les motivations des entreprises à recourir aux TÉT. La principale motivation, contrairement à celle à laquelle on s’attendrait, n’est pas l’économie de coût. L’intérêt d’embaucher des TÉT repose sur des considérations de coûts-utilités, comme celle de bénéficier d’une main-d’œuvre disponible, efficace, loyale, et présente toute la saison, une souplesse permettant aux employeurs de réduire les risques et les incertitudes de production. Les employeurs accordent ainsi leurs préférences aux TÉT plutôt qu’aux travailleurs locaux. Les TÉT répondraient à toutes leurs attentes en matière de souplesse en ce qui a trait au nombre, aux horaires, à la rémunération et aux compétences.
Abstract:
To satisfy its need for seasonal low-skilled labourers, Canada is hiring temporary foreign workers (TFWs). As part of a study on the management issues related to the hiring of TFWs, employers and informants from related NGOs and governmental agencies were interviewed about their motivations to use TFWs. The primary motivation, unlike that which would be expected, is not cost savings. The interest in hiring TFWs would appear to be based on cost-utility considerations, including the benefit of an available, efficient, loyal workforce during the whole season and the flexibility for employers to reduce risk and uncertainties related to the availability of labour. Employers thus give preference to TFWs rather than local workers, because they meet the entirety of their expectations of workforce flexibility, be it numerically or in relation to scheduling, remuneration or skills.
Predictors of mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV in Namibia
Gentz, SG.; Calonge R.; , Martínez‐Arias, R.; Ruiz‐Casares, M. (2017)
Background
Little research in sub‐Saharan Africa has looked at factors that predict mental health problems in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). This study examines the psychological impact of HIV in adolescents in Namibia, including risk and protective factors associated with mental health.
Methods
Ninety‐nine fully disclosed ALHIV between the ages of 12 and 18 were interviewed at a State Hospital in Windhoek. A structured questionnaire assessed mental health, using the SDQ (Goodman, 1997), sociodemographic factors, poverty, social support, adherence and stigma.
Results
Mean age was 14.3 years, 52.5% were female and most were healthy. Twelve percent scored in the clinical range for total mental health difficulties and 22% for emotional symptoms. Poverty was associated with more total mental health difficulties, t(96) = −2.63, p = .010, and more emotional symptoms, t(96) = −3.45, p = .001, whereas better social support was a protective factor, particularly caregiver support (r = −.337, p = .001). Adherence problems, HIV‐related stigma and disclosing one’s own HIV status to others were also associated with more total mental health difficulties. Poverty (β = −.231, p = .023) and stigma (β = .268, p = .009) were the best predictors for total mental health difficulties, whereas stigma (β = .314, p = .002) predicted emotional symptoms. Social support had a protective effect on peer problems (p = .001, β = −.349).
Conclusions
Several contextual factors associated with poorer mental health in ALHIV are identified.
Key Practitioner Message
- Interventions to improve the mental health of ALHIV should focus on improving the context in which adolescents live, including improvement in food security, creating supportive environments, particularly in the family, and reducing HIV‐related stigma.
- ALHIV require assistance around their decisions to disclose their HIV status to others.
- Early identification of ALHIV with mental health problems is recommended as these adolescents evidenced increased adherence problems.
- Screening tools, such as the SDQ, may be useful in identifying at‐risk adolescents.
Écouter les enfants dans la recherche en santé mentale jeunesse (SMJ): une créativité éthique inspirée de la clinique
Caldairou-Bessette, P.; Johnson-Lafleur, J.; Nadeau, L.; Vachon, M.; Rousseau, C. (2017)
Cet article présente quelques réflexions critiques issues de la démarche inductive de deux projets de recherche impliquant des enfants. Ces projets portent sur les services publics en santé mentale jeunesse (SMJ), l’un avec des familles réfugiées et l’autre avec une population générale, tous deux intégrant le jeu et le dessin aux entretiens avec les enfants. Après avoir posé les bases critiques et inductives de la recherche « avec » les enfants, nous présentons quelques éléments de notre approche méthodologique. Cette dernière se situe entre les méthodes projectives de la clinique et les méthodes créatives de la recherche, en proposant un usage narratif, expressif et exploratoire de la projection. La démarche inductive de recherche est présentée à travers l’expérience de l’élaboration méthodologique et de la cueillette de données auprès des enfants. Six exemples sont tirés des projets pour illustrer nos questionnements autour de la directivité des entretiens et de leur exigence pour les enfants, de même que des interrogations autour du degré projectif impliqué, qui change le potentiel interprétatif en le rendant plus complexe, mais aussi plus riche. Nous concluons en proposant une conception créative de la projection en recherche comme un espace de jeu participatif. Cet espace de jeu est également envisagé comme contribuant à l’éthique de la recherche. Finalement, nous proposons, pour des recherches ultérieures, de faire participer les enfants à l’élaboration des méthodologies. Nous terminons en soulignant la pertinence d’une démarche inductive pour développer une réflexion critique en recherche.
L’interprétariat en tant que mode d’intervention en santé et en services sociaux
Briand-Lamarche, M.; Maltais, C.; Guériton, M. (2017)
Refugees, Asylum-seekers, Undocumented Migrants and the Experience of Parenthood
Merry, L.; Pelaez, S.; Edwards, N. C. (2017)
Objective
To synthesize the recent qualitative literature and identify the integrative themes describing the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants.
Methods
We searched seven online databases for the period January 2006 to February 2017. We included English and French published peer-reviewed articles and graduate-level dissertations, which qualitatively examined the parenthood experiences of refugees, asylum-seekers and undocumented migrants. We summarized study characteristics and performed a thematic analysis across the studies.
Results
One hundred thirty eight studies met inclusion criteria. All but three were conducted in high-income countries, mainly in the US. Migrants studied were mostly undocumented from Latin America and refugees from Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost all studies (93%) included mothers; about half (47%) included fathers; very few (5%) included extended family members. We identified three integrative themes: 1) experiencing hardship and/or loss in the context of precarious migration and past traumas; 2) building resilience and strength by bridging language, norms and expectations; and 3) living transnationally: obligations, challenges and resources. Each theme contributed to shaping the parenthood experience; the transnationalism theme intersected with the themes on hardship and loss and resilience and strength.
Conclusion
More research is needed with fathers, extended family members, asylum-seekers and in the LMIC context. A transnational lens needs to be applied to programs, policies and future research for refugee, asylum-seeker and undocumented migrant parents. Addressing transnational concerns (family separation and reunification), acknowledging transnational resources, fostering a transnational family identity and conducting transnational and longitudinal studies are potentially pivotal approaches for this sub-population of parents.
Ethnopsychiatrie
Mekki-Berrada, A. (2017)
The state of knowledge about LGBTQI migrants living in Canada in relation to the global LGBTQI rights agenda
E. Ou Jin Lee, T. Hafford-Letchfield, A. Pullen Sansfaçon, O. Kamgain, H. Gleeson et F. Luu (2017)
Scoping review methodology was used to rapidly assess a broad range of literature while at the same time identify key knowledge strengths and gaps. A total of 241 publications included in this scoping review, with 56 from Canada, 74 from the US, 50 from elsewhere in the Global North and 61 from the Global South. LGBTQI people living in the Global South: Homophobic and transphobic violence faced by LGBTQI people living in the Global South is always situated within particular geo-political and regional contexts that are shaped by neo-liberalism, gender inequalities, colonial legacies, nationalisms, armed conflict, police violence, corruption, religious extremism, etc. LGBTQI migrants living in Canada: Most focused on LGBTQI refugees. Since 2014 there has been a shift in focus from refugee to precarious status, newcomers and immigrants and exploring how LGBTQI migrants navigated community belonging and structural barriers. LGBTQI migrants living in the US: Exploration of well-being especially with respect to HIV risk and prevention. For LGBTQI migrants, chosen families broke social isolation and fostered belonging. LGBTQI migrants also encounter multiple identity-based discriminations that blocked access to housing and health and social services, along with a fear, especially for those undocumented, of being profiled and detained by immigration officials. LGBTQI migrants living elsewhere in the Global North: Two areas of focus include SOGIE-based refugee claims and multiple discriminations by LGBTQI migrants, such as family / community rejection and barriers to access housing, employment, health and social services. Detention centres have a detrimental impact on the mental health of LGBTQI refugees, and increases their exposure to homophobic and transphobic violence. Key research methodologies and theories used: Qualitative research methods used include semi-structured interviews, focus groups, mixed methods and refugee case decisions. Some applied intervention, community-based and/or participatory research methodologies. Theories applied include ecological systems theory, minority stress model, multicultural feminist framework, the social determinants of health and especially intersectionality. Knowledge strengths and gaps: Researcher use of critical and participatory research methodologies as well as intersectionality theory are knowledge strengths. The IRB has implemented SOGIE-based guidelines for decision makers. There remains little knowledge about the realities of LGBTQI immigrants and migrants with precarious status. Need to develop anti-racist, anti-heterosexist and anti-cissexist service delivery and specialized services for LGBTQI migrants. Service providers should engage in trauma-informed and anti-oppressive practice that attends to the intersectional realities of LGBTQI migrants. Policy makers involved in developing Canada’s international role in LGBTQI human rights, should consider the complexities of LGBTQI realities in the Global South.
Faire entrer le plurilinguisme dans les équipes cliniques. Les conditions nécessaires et suffisantes pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien-usager constructive
Leanza, Y. (2017)
À partir du cadre théorique de la niche d’activité professionnelle et d’études effectuées au Québec, un portrait des pratiques et représentations du travail avec interprètes dans les soins est dressé. Ce portrait est d’abord fait pour les contextes non sensibles aux dimensions linguistiques et culturelles des soins. Il est ensuite dépeint plus en détail avec deux études menées en contextes sensibles. Cette comparaison permet de mettre en évidence les niveaux de contexte qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte pour l’intégration des interprètes dans les équipes de soins et pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien de qualité : politique, institutionnelle (qui inclut les dimensions structurelle et collaborative), de formation et déontologique. Pour chacun d’eux, les conditions idéales pour établir une collaboration interprète-praticien-usager constructive sont décrites.
Le culturel dans le dessin d’enfant. De l’adaptation de l’interprétation à une phénoménologie de la culture
Caldairou-Bessette, P., Zenetzis, C., et I. Krymko-Bleton (2017)
Mener des groupes de parole en contexte scolaire. Guide pour les enseignants et les professionnels
Papazian-Zohrabian, G.; Lemire, V.; Mamprin, C.; Turpin-Samson, A.; Aoun, R. (2017)
Everyday ethics of participation: a case study of a CBPR in Nunavik
Fraser, S.; Mickpegak, R. ; Vrakas, G. ; Laliberté, A. (2017)
Introduction:
Multiple reports highlight the need for community-based family-oriented prevention services for Aboriginal peoples in order to address important health and social inequalities. Participatory, empowerment-based approaches are generally favoured for these means. Faced with important social issues, in a context of colonisation and complex power dynamics, we question how community members experience participation, as well as the everyday dynamics that take place when attempting to create community-level change.
Context:
The initial steps of this community-based participatory research (CBPR) took place over a two-year period in a community of Nunavik, a large northern region of the province of Quebec. The objective of the CBPR was to develop a community-driven project aimed at supporting families to be able to keep children within their homes or communities, rather than having to be placed under child welfare services.
Method:
We participated in, and documented, various group meetings, community workshops, informal reflexive discussions, and formal interviews with community partners to explore their everyday experiences of participation in community-based change.
Results:
We describe some of the initial actions taken in this project. We describe how certain social and power dynamics infiltrated into the process of participation leading to various tensions, personal and interpersonal experiences and needs.
Discussion:
We discuss how these experiences led to everyday ethical dilemmas regarding participation. We conclude that although participatory approaches towards community change may be effective, they are also ethically challenging and at times disempowering for those who participate. We describe some of the approaches used to work with these ethical challenges.
Souffrance sociale et radicalisation : redéfinir la prévention
Journée d’étude Les tensions manifestes entre majorités et minorités, à l’échelle locale, nationale comme internationale, s’aggravent dans un contexte d’inégalités sociales croissantes qui cristallisent des enjeux identitaires. Nourrie par ces polarisations et par la manière dont on s’y adresse, la radicalisation violente pose des défis au champ social. Comment la comprendre en tenant compte de […]
Internationally Educated Nurses in Canada: Predictors of Workforce Integration
Covell, C. L., Primeau, M.-D., Kilpatrick, K., & St-Pierre (2017)
BACKGROUND:
Global trends in migration accompanied with recent changes to the immigrant selection process may have influenced the demographic and human capital characteristics of internationally educated nurses (IENs) in Canada and in turn the assistance required to facilitate their workforce integration. This study aimed to describe the demographic and human capital profile of IENs in Canada, to explore recent changes to the profile, and to identify predictors of IENs’ workforce integration.
METHODS:
A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational survey design was used. Eligible IENs were immigrants, registered and employed as regulated nurses in Canada. Data were collected in 2014 via online and paper questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the data by year of immigration. Logistic regression modeling was employed to identify predictors of IENs’ workforce integration measured as passing the licensure exam to acquire professional recertification and securing employment.
RESULTS:
The sample consisted of 2280 IENs, representative of all Canadian provincial jurisdictions. Since changes to the immigrant selection process in 2002, the IEN population in Canada has become more racially diverse with greater numbers emigrating from developing countries. Recent arrivals (after 2002) had high levels of human capital (knowledge, professional experience, language proficiency). Some, but not all, benefited from the formal and informal assistance available to facilitate their workforce integration. Professional experience and help studying significantly predicted if IENs passed the licensure exam on their first attempt. Bridging program participation and assistance from social networks in Canada were significant predictors if IENs had difficulty securing employment.
CONCLUSIONS:
Nurses will continue to migrate from a wide variety of countries throughout the world that have dissimilar nursing education and health systems. Thus, IENs are not a homogenous group, and a « one size fits all » model may not be effective for facilitating their professional recertification and employment in the destination country. Canada, as well as other countries, could consider using a case management approach to develop and tailor education and forms of assistance to meet the individual needs of IENs. Using technology to reach IENs who have not yet immigrated or have settled outside of urban centers are other potential strategies that may facilitate their timely entrance into the destination countries’ nursing workforce.
Reconfigurations familiales et relations intergénérationnelles dans les réseaux transnationaux : Familles en recomposition, Familles Alternatives
Vatz Laaroussi, M.; Le Gall, J.; Bolzman, C.; Rachédi, L. (2016)
Perceptions des hommes québécois de leurs besoins psychosociaux et de santé
Tremblay, G. Roy, B. Bizot, D. deMontigny, F. Houle, J. Le Gall, J. Cazale, L. Beaudet, L. Chamberland, L. Paré, L. Séguin, M. Villeneuve, P. Lajeunesse, S. Dupéré, S. Léveillé, S. Roy, V. (2016)
Caring for a Newly Arrived Syrian Refugee Family
Pottie, K.; Greenaway, C.; Hassan, G.; Hui, C.; Kirmayer, LJ. (2016)
An Exploratory Study Assessing Psychological Distress of Indigents in Burkina Faso: A Step Forward in Understanding Mental Health Needs in West Africa.
Pigeon-Gagné, É.; Hassan, G.; Yaogo, M.; Ridde, V. (2016)
Background
Poverty is known as an important determinant of health, but empirical data are still missing on the relationships between poverty, other adverse living conditions, and psychological distress, particularly in low-income countries.
This study aimed to assess mental health needs and psychological distress among the poorest in rural settings in Burkina Faso where food security and access to water, electricity, schooling, and healthcare are limited.
Methods
We randomly selected 2000 individuals previously identified as indigents by a community-targeting process. Interviewers visited participants (n = 1652) in their homes and completed a questionnaire on mental health variables that included presence and intensity of anxious, depressive, psychotic, and aggressive symptoms, as well as level of psychological distress. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, and logistic regressions were performed.
Results
In all, 40.2% of the sample reported 10 or more anxious/depressive symptoms in the past 30 days, and 25.5% reported having experienced at least one psychotic symptom over their lifetime, 65.6% of whom had had those symptoms for many years. The number of anxious and depressive symptoms was significantly associated with the level of psychological distress (r = 0.423, p < .001). Predictors of distress level included: poor health condition (F(1) = 23.743, p <. 001), being a woman (F(1) = 43.926, p < .001), not having any income (F(1) = 16.185, p < .001), having begged for food in the past 30 days (F(1) = 12.387, p < .001), being illiterate, and being older (F(1) = 21.487, p < .001). Approximately one third of respondents reporting anxious/depressive or psychotic symptoms (28.2 and 30.0%, respectively) had not talked about their symptoms to anyone in their social network.
Conclusions
These results suggest alarmingly high levels of psychological distress and reported symptoms among the poorest in rural settings in Burkina Faso, which can be explained by their difficult living conditions. However, these results must be interpreted from a transcultural perspective to avoid decontextualized misinterpretations. Ethnographic works are needed to document the larger context within which these distress results can be analyzed.
Immigration and diversity in Quebec’s schools: An assessment
Mc Andrew, M.; Audet, G.; Bakhshaei, M. (2016)
La diversité ethnoculturelle et les rapports ethniques au Québec : le contexte historique et social
Mc Andrew, M.; Audet, G. (2016)
They cut your wings over here . . . you can’t do nothing’: Voices of children and parents held in immigration detention in Canada
Kronick, R.; Rousseau, C.; Cleveland, J.Rachel Kronick, Cécile Rousseau, Janet Cleveland (2016)
Migrant Live-In Caregivers: Control, Consensus and Resistance in the Workplace and the Community
Koo, JH.; Hanley, J. (2016)
Use of reproductive health care services among urban migrant women in Bangladesh
Islam, MM.; Gagnon, AJ. (2016)
Recent internal migration flows from rural to urban areas pose challenges to women using reproductive health care services in their migratory destinations. No studies were found which examined the relationship between migration, migration-associated indicators and reproductive health care services in Bangladesh.
Methods
We analyzed the 2006 Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (data made publically available in June 2013) of 14,191 ever-married women aged 10–59 years. Cross tabulations and logistic regression were conducted.
Results
Migrants and non-migrants did not differ significantly in their use of modern contraceptives and treatment for STI but were less likely to receive ANC even after controlling for a range of variables. Compared to non-migrants, more migrants had home births, did not take vitamin A after delivery, and had no medical exam post-birth. Migrant women being village-born (rather than urban-born) were associated with risk of diminished: use of ANC; treatment for STI; medical exam post-birth; vitamin A post-birth. Migrating for work or education (rather than other reasons) was associated with risk of diminished: use of ANC; use of modern facilities for birth; and medical exam post-birth. Each additional year lived in urban areas was associated with a greater likelihood of receiving ANC.
Conclusions
Women who migrated to urban areas in Bangladesh were significantly less likely than non-migrants to use reproductive health care services related to pregnancy care. Pro-actively identifying migrant women, especially those who originated from villages or migrated for work or education may be warranted to ensure optimal use of pregnancy-related services.
Judaïsme et éducation : enjeux et défis pédagogiques
Hirsh, S.; Mc Andrew, M.; Audet, G.; J. Ipgrave. (2016)
La question des rapports entre groupes ethniques définis par différents marqueurs, dont celui de la religion, s’impose aujourd’hui plus que jamais au sein de nos sociétés plurielles. Cet ouvrage original s’intéresse au rôle de l’éducation dans la dynamique des relations entre la communauté juive et leurs concitoyens de toutes origines au Québec, au Canada et dans d’autres pays. En effet, alors que les communautés juives sont souvent bien implantées dans leurs sociétés d’accueil, elles demeurent souvent mal connues de la population et plus particulièrement des groupes majoritaires.
Les auteurs se penchent sur trois enjeux susceptibles d’interpeller les intervenants des milieux scolaire et communautaire, mais aussi le grand public intéressé au « vivre ensemble » et à ses défis :
– L’enseignement sur les communautés juives à l’école publique
– L’éducation sur l’Holocauste et les pratiques novatrices à cet égard
– Le vécu des écoles juives et leur impact.
Reproductive health research of women migrants to Western countries: A systematic review for refining the clinical lens
Gagnon, AJ.; Redden, KL. (2016)
Highlights
- •Many migrant reproductive health reports are inadequate to inform clinical practice.
- •Comparative migrant reproductive health reports are concentrated in the USA, Spain, and Italy.
- •Recommended migration indicators related to reproductive health remain underreported.
- •Quality studies to inform clinical practice are available for some pregnancy-related care.
- •Non-pregnancy-related reproductive health outcomes in migrant women warrant further investigation.