Publications

Inadequate pregnancy monitoring for pregnant migrant women without medical insurance (PMWMI) exposes them to severe complications during childbirth and consequences for the health of their child (e.g. preterm delivery, low birth weight, etc.). This scoping review aims to identify existing interventions globally to improve access to perinatal care for PMWMI. It will also highlight the strengths, weaknesses as well as the costs of these interventions.

Abstract

Cette ressource vise à outiller les intervenant·e·s scolaires afin de mieux soutenir les élèves lorsque le thème de la guerre s’invite à l’école. Celle-ci est conçue pour favoriser le passage d’un ressenti individuel à une réflexion collective.

The aim of this article is to shed light on the levers and obstacles of the co-creation process encountered during the first steps of the implementation of a demonstration project in youth mental health in Quebec, in the context of an expansion of youth integrated service networks. Using a qualitative approach, the role of the various stakeholders involved (community partners, service providers, youths) is described in such a way as to highlight the co-creation issues the actors were confronted with between the design and implementation phases. We report on a formative and developmental evaluation, which is still ongoing. In this sense, this article seeks to clarify the lessons learned on the process of co-creation of public action.

This paper contributes to the growing body of work on precarious labor, immigration, and social gerontology by examining the racialization of precarious employment across the life course. In particular, the authors examine the impact of precarious employment and discrimination among racialized older immigrants in Canada. Racialized older immigrants are more likely to be disadvantaged by the effects of lifelong intersections of economic and social discrimination rooted in racialization, gender, ageism, and socio-economic status. Drawing from a narrative-photovoice project that focused on the life stories of older immigrants living in Quebec and British Columbia, this paper presents the in-depth stories and photographs of four participants to highlight how intersections of race, gender, age, immigration status, and ability shape and structure experiences of aging, labor market participation and caregiving relationships.

Cette étude documente l’utilisation des services sociaux et de santé québécois par les hommes immigrants. Plus précisément, elle dresse dans un premier temps un portrait de l’état de santé physique et de l’état de bien-être psychologique de ces hommes. Elle examine ensuite leurs trajectoires d’utilisation (ou de non-utilisation) des services et explore à la fois les obstacles qu’ils rencontrent lorsqu’ils cherchent à accéder à des services et les éléments qui, en contrepartie, leur en facilitent l’utilisation. Finalement, elle se penche sur les attentes et les perceptions des hommes immigrants vis-à-vis de ces services. De manière transversale, une attention particulière est portée à l’impact de la pandémie de COVID-19 et des mesures de confinement sur ces différents sous-thèmes, l’entièreté de la collecte de données ayant été effectuée en contexte pandémique

Social workers play a vital role in helping service users navigate structural barriers and oppressions. Anti-racist social work education trains future social workers to apply critical thinking to the ways in which societal practices of racist exclusion and domination threaten the integrity of racialized individuals and communities. However, inclusion of anti-racist curricula in Schools of Social Work (SSWs) is largely dependent on each individual institution and their course offerings. This study explored the extent to which anti-racist practice is included across social work programs in Quebec through conducting a review of required undergraduate courses. Our results reveal that, among the nine universities that offer Bachelor of Social Work programs across Quebec, only one SSW offered a course that explicitly addressed race. Five out of the nine SSWs include a mandatory course with implicit mention of race under broader terms such as “anti-oppression,” “inequality,” or “intercultural practice.” These findings raise important considerations for social work education in Quebec and the development of anti-racist practitioners across the profession.

Purpose

Social adversity experiences have increased during the pandemic and are potential risk factors for both depression and support for violent radicalization (VR). However, the cumulative and independent effects of various social adversity experiences on support for VR have yet to be explored. This paper examines the cumulative and independent effects of COVID- and non-COVID-related discrimination, exposure to violence, traditional and cyberbullying victimization on support for VR. In addition, we investigate whether depression mediates the relationship between these forms of social adversity and support for VR.

Methods

A total of 6003 young adults (M_age = 27, SD_age = 4.40, range 18–35) living in metropolitan areas in Canada responded to an online survey. We used multivariable regression models, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, to infer covariate adjusted associations between social adversity measures and support for VR. Additionally, we conducted a formal mediation analysis to estimate the proportion mediated by depression.

Results

There was a cumulative relationship between experiences of social adversity and support for VR (β = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.72). COVID-related discrimination and cyberbullying victimization were independently associated with stronger support for VR. Depression partially mediated the effect of cumulative social adversity, COVID-related discrimination and cyberbullying on support for VR.

Conclusion

Prevention programs during the present pandemic should prioritize decreasing discrimination and providing psychosocial support to depressed young adults who experience social adversity. Practitioners should prioritize developing programs that foster digital literacy skills and critical thinking among young adults to address the concerning impact of cyberbullying on support for VR.

In 2010, a group of racialized doctoral students at an elite university in Canada collectively mobilized against institutional racism within their school of social work. They insisted that their school confront the ways in which White supremacy was embedded within various policies and practices. These early initiatives led to the creation of the Racialized Students’ Network (RSN). Although the RSN has ended, it has produced a new generation of scholars who continue to interrogate Whiteness and White supremacy. It has also offered roadmaps through which newer generations of racialized social work scholars can advance anti-racist and decolonial feminist perspectives within postsecondary social work institutions in Canada. In this article, the authors, who are now tenure-track or tenured professors at Canadian universities, demonstrate the ways in which graduate student anti-racist activisms are a central avenue for confronting Whiteness and institutional racism. Through a collaborative autoethnographic methodology, this article draws from the authors’ personal experiences within the RSN, the group’s source documents, and their collective analysis on how the RSN has informed their ongoing activism. They discuss how their everyday experiences align with current anti-racist struggles and movements to shape their actions and responses in academe. The RSN Model of Racialized Students’ Activism is presented to demonstrate the collective processes the student activists explored to reflect and apply their intersecting identities to support racialized students and address systemic racism.

More than 40 years after the Alma-Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care, it is time to take stock. A look back at the evolution of pharmaceutical policies reveals the extent to which international health has transformed in the last four decades. The imperative of equitable access to healthcare, reaffirmed in Astana in 2018, has still not been achieved in many countries across the globe, whereas recent Ebola and COVID epidemics have opened up new political spaces for pharmaceutical development. In response to a gap in the literature with regard to the politics behind global pharmaceutical policymaking, we offer a critical interpretive synthesis of the literature on pharmaceutical policies, in English and French, from 1978 to 2018 inclusively. Our search strategy and inclusion criteria enabled us to select and review 134 papers and books on pharmaceutical policies. Building upon the seminal works of K.S. Rajan, we review the literature under the following assumption: pharmaceutical policies reflect or enact different conceptions of knowledge, political spaces, and value. We then critically discuss our findings in light of the contemporary debates, particularly in the wake of recurring epidemics. We thereby challenge the mainstream perspective according to which pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical policies must be viewed as value-free, apolitical instruments.

A cross-jurisdictional pan-Canadian environmental scan was conducted to identify provincial, territorial, and federal financial supports available to families with children living with neurodisabilities. In partnership with the organization Childhood Disability LINK, flowchart-styled pathway documents were developed for each financial support identified, mapping out the processes required to access each support. A critical analysis was completed as it relates to structural barriers, accessibility of program information and geographic discrepancies. The results revealed that, despite almost universal availability of programs to support families of children living with neurodisabilities, significant barriers and inequity remain. This included considerable variation in access to financial support based on geographic and jurisdictional discrepancies, absence of adequate and accurate information about programs, and minimal support provided to families in the application process. We argue that the barriers and discrepancies identified were an inherent result of the Canadian federalist fragmentation of the delivery of social care and financial support programs for children living with neurodisabilities. A more unified response by Canadian provincial, territorial, and federal governments is clearly needed to take positive steps to address the consequences of federalist fragmentation and respond to the structural barriers and geographic discrepancies identified by this study. 

Objectives

High mortality rates, anxiety and distress associated with Ebola virus disease (EVD) are risk factors for mood disorders in affected communities. This study aims to document the prevalence and risk factors associated with depressive symptoms among a representative sample of individuals affected by EVD.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

The current study was conducted 7 months (March 11, 2019 to April 23, 2019) after the end of the ninth outbreak of EVD in the province of Equateur in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Participants

A large population-based sample of 1614 adults (50% women, Mage=34.05; SD=12.55) in health zones affected by the ninth outbreak in DRC.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Participants completed questionnaires assessing EVD exposure level, stigmatisation related to EVD and depressive symptoms. The ORs associated with sociodemographic data, EVD exposure level and stigmatisation were analysed through logistic regressions.

Results

Overall, 62.03% (95% CI 59.66% to 64.40%) of individuals living in areas affected by EVD were categorised as having severe depressive symptoms. The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that adults in the two higher score categories of exposure to EVD were at two times higher risk of developing severe depressive symptoms (respectively, OR 1.94 (95% CI 1.22 to 3.09); OR 2.34 (95% CI 1.26 to 4.34)). Individuals in the two higher categories of stigmatisation were two to four times more at risk (respectively, OR 2.42 (95% CI 1.53 to 3.83); OR 4.73 (95% CI 2.34 to 9.56)). Living in rural areas (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.38)) and being unemployed (OR 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.93)) increased the likelihood of having severe depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

Results indicate that depressive symptoms in EVD affected populations is a major public health problem that must be addressed through culturally adapted mental health programs.

Ambivalence toward pregnancy is an important predictor of early pregnancy as documented in diverse Western societies. Inuit women from Nunavik, a northern region of Quebec, Canada, experience a high rate of early pregnancy, yet no study has explored their attitudes toward pregnancy. Grounded in a participatory approach, this study aimed to explore ambivalence toward pregnancy, among other pregnancy-related attitudes, and identify themes underlying ambivalence among young Inuit women from Nunavik. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 women aged 16 to 20 years, who became pregnant during the year preceding the interview. We used an inductive approach to analyse the data. Eleven participants were identified as ambivalent toward pregnancy while three were characterised as having a favourable attitude, and one as unfavourable. Four themes related to ambivalence were identified: the value of childbearing/motherhood; the use of contraceptives; the likelihood of becoming pregnant; and the ideal age to become pregnant. A better understanding of young women’s attitudes toward pregnancy could contribute to the development of culturally relevant programmes to more effectively support adolescents, pregnant adolescents and young mothers, and to lead to better care.

Purpose

Work disability stakeholders may not share the same understanding and solutions among themselves or with researchers, causing misunderstandings and hindering collaboration regarding solutions for preventing work disability. To reduce such differences, this study sought to build a common vocabulary among stakeholders and researchers, using a transdisciplinary research framework.

Methods

A consensus method based on a constructivist approach was used. A theoretical sampling method was applied to identify researchers or stakeholders representing one of the four systems in the work disability paradigm. A preliminary set of definitions for key terms was assessed using a Web-based questionnaire. It documented participants’ level of agreement with each term’s inclusion and relevance in the field, and the clarity of the definition, while soliciting suggestions for other terms or clearer definitions. Disagreements were discussed at group meetings, yielding consensus on the final terms and definitions.

Results

Eleven stakeholders representing patients, employers, unions, healthcare professionals, and legislative and insurance systems, along with 10 multidisciplinary researchers, participated. The questionnaire yielded initial consensus on the inclusion and definitions of 49 terms, and 109 suggestions mostly for modified definitions (average = 6 suggestions/term). Two preliminary terms were excluded and three terms were added. Ultimately, 80 terms and their definitions yielded consensus.

Conclusions

The process we used to build a common vocabulary was carried out within a transdisciplinary framework. It required a constructivist approach, promoting idea exchanges among participants and co-construction of generally agreed results. The results were rooted in local contexts, thus ensuring the same reference points, regardless of participants’ different understandings.

Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under the age of 18 who settle in a foreign country without a legal representative. In France, many UMs are left unprotected from child welfare services because assessment systems evaluate that they are not minors. In Paris, the non-governmental organization Médecins du Monde (MdM) offers unprotected UMs medical, psychological, and social care. In March 2020, the lockdown policy to contain COVID-19 constrained MdM to adapt its care provision model. This case study sought to answer the following question: how did volunteers and employees of MdM respond to the social and health needs of unprotected UMs during the spring 2020 lockdown in Paris? We analyzed a cohort of 58 UMs for eight weeks of lockdown using secondary quantitative data. We further explored the UMs’ needs and the experience of phone consultations, through 15 interviews with MdM’s program volunteers and employees. Time series showed a steady increase in UMs’ needs. The program’s adapted care provision likely contributed to reducing UMs’ feeling of isolation. It also had several negative consequences for unprotected UMs, volunteers, employees, and Médecins du Monde’s institution. This study highlights the role of non-governmental organizations in providing a particularly vulnerable migrant population – unprotected UMs – care and support, despite operational challenges in crisis times.

Le contexte d’interculturalité est le lieu de rapports complexes. Dans le cadre de l’intervention, comment situer et appréhender la posture de la personne intervenante ? Notre article propose une réflexion sur des méthodes de récits basée sur un cadre conceptuel interculturel et de la sociologie clinique appliqués à l’intervention et à la recherche. Nous aborderons spécifiquement le récit de soi à travers le photolangage© et le récit d’expérience pour donner à voir que les postures professionnelles ne peuvent être comprises dans une linéarité mais plutôt dans la transversalité de positions idéal-typiques et de subjectivités.

L’objectif de cet article est d’explorer, à la lumière de l’approche multiculturelle critique (May & Sleeter, 2010 ; May, 2000 ; 2003), la participation des enseignant-es au système de justice sociale scolaire. À partir d’un projet de recherche sur la reconstruction et la théorisation des récits de pratique des enseignant-es (Desgagné, 2005) dans un contexte multiethnique, des données ont été recueillies auprès d’enseignant-es d’écoles primaires hautement multiethniques au Québec. Des enseignant-es ont été invités à raconter un récit lié à un événement ou à un problème qui s’est produit avec l’un-e de leurs élèves immigrant-es ou réfugié-es. Dans cet article, quatre récits narrés et reconstruits par quatre enseignant-es participant-es ont été sélectionnés et analysés. Nous visons à analyser de quelle manière les enseignant-es réagissent culturellement et assument leur rôle dans le soutien de leurs élèves. Notre analyse montre que malgré les efforts déployés pour changer la réalité de leurs élèves, les enseignant-es ne peuvent pas contrôler seuls les normes d’un système scolaire, sociétal et politique qui régit les relations de pouvoir et privilégie les normes et les valeurs dominantes.

Information is needed on the relationship between coronavirus disease (COVID-19) social distancing restrictions and their relationship with mental health. In particular, there is limited investigation into how COVID-related adversities have positively mobilized individuals. We use latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subtypes of positive and negative aspects of the experience of COVID-19 social distancing and the association of these subtypes with mental health. We conduct an online survey of COVID-19 and mental health with 3,183 adults residing in Quebec, Canada, during the first wave of the epidemic. We use LCA to identify subtypes of positive and negative aspects of social distancing. We use logistic and linear regression to estimate the associations between class membership and self-reported impact of COVID-19 on mental health and scores on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-10 (HSCL-10). We identify five classes of individuals in regards to perceived positives and negatives of social distancing related to COVID-19, named Low Impact, Freedom/Flexibility, Safety, Family/Home, and Hardships. Sociodemographic variables including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and self-reported mental health prior to COVID are associated with class assignment. Latent classes are associated with both outcomes (p < .001). Individuals in the Hardships class have greater odds of reporting a significant impact of COVID-19 on mental health, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = [1.53, 2.86], p < .001, and have higher scores on the HSCL-10, β = .32, 95% CI = [.23, .42], p < .001, than those individuals in the Low Impact group after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Gender, age, and self-reported mental health prior to COVID-19 are independently associated with both outcomes (p < .001). We discuss study implications for public health programming and interventions to promote the mental health of at-risk populations during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

En hématologie-oncologie pédiatrique, les technologies et les avancées médicales génèrent de multiples voies quant aux possibilités thérapeutiques. Ces possibilités et les espoirs qu’elles suscitent s’invitent comme acteurs dans la prise de décision. Parallèlement, les complications inhérentes aux traitements de pointe (greffes hématopoïétiques) sont nombreuses et la mort, une éventualité. À partir d’histoires d’enfants, de parents et de cliniciens, recueillies au cours d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans une unité d’hématologie-oncologie dans un hôpital pédiatrique à Montréal, nous discutons du processus de prise de décision lors de pronostics sombres et des défis posés par le passage d’une trajectoire thérapeutique à visée curative à celle ayant une perspective palliative. Nous questionnons la prise de décision partagée (patient/famille/médecin) et le rôle moral des cliniciens dans un contexte où les « morts spontanées » surviennent rarement et où l’option de prolonger la vie à tout prix rivalise avec la médecine palliative.

La vie et la mort sont étroitement liées en milieux de soins où les questions nombreuses en regard (notamment) de la qualité de vie et de mort, de la poursuite ou de l’arrêt du traitement et de la légitimité des personnes qui prennent part aux décisions façonneront ces moments cruciaux. Devant de nombreux possibles thérapeutiques, quand s’arrêter ou encore quand tendre vers une perspective palliative n’est jamais donné d’emblée. Les frontières entre les catégorisations sociales séparant le curable de l’incurable, le malade du mourant et la compréhension de l’imminence de la mort restent parfois incertaines ou à reconstruire selon les cas. À partir de deux études ethnographiques (observations en unités de soins, entretiens avec soignants, patients et leurs familles), l’une menée en contexte pédiatrique hospitalier (unité d’hématologie-oncologie-greffe de moelle osseuse) et l’autre auprès de personnes de grand âge en milieu hospitalier et en centre d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée à Montréal, les auteures discutent de la diversité des trajectoires de fin de vie. Quand peut-on s’arrêter ? Qui peut répondre ? Ces questions sont récurrentes sans être nouvelles. Elles demeurent néanmoins le quotidien de la « grande maladie ». Les auteures puiseront à même le « prendre soin » et le « devoir de non-abandon » pour dégager quelques éléments de réponse tout en s’interrogeant sur le statut contemporain de la (bio)médecine (entre espoirs et tensions) et les ambigüités conceptuelles et empiriques entre le « curatif » et le « palliatif ».

Depuis une trentaine d’années, les modèles familiaux se multiplient. Si on parle beaucoup du rôle de la mère, il est tout aussi important de se pencher sur le rôle qu’a le père aujourd’hui.

• Le vécu durant la grossesse et la première année de vie de l’enfant.
• La relation de couple et la relation coparentale pendant la période périnatale.
• Les défis de la naissance d’un deuxième, troisième ou quatrième enfant.
• Les possibles changements sur le plan de la sexualité.
• Les situations difficiles comme une naissance traumatique, le décès d’un enfant, la séparation conjugale ou un problème de santé mentale.
• La conciliation travail-famille.

Soulignant qu’il n’existe pas de modèle de parent parfait, ce portrait nuancé et complet fait ressortir la diversité de l’engagement parental au masculin en montrant les façons qu’ont les hommes de contribuer au bien-être et à l’organisation familiale.

In a number of ways, dance can express and transform interpersonal and social bonds. This article explores this idea, drawing on a dance project conducted in Montreal in 2017 in a multi-ethnic neighborhood facing issues of poverty. The project was based on the premise that intergenerational and intercommunity ties both echo and transform each other. This article will describe the framework in which the project took place and discuss the challenges it raised, particularly in terms of animation and artistic process. Finally, we will reflect on the way that the dynamics between centrality and marginality were revealed in the project.

Background: Migrants commonly maintain transnational ties as they relocate and settle in a new country. There is a growing body of research examining transnationalism and health. We sought to identify how transnationalism has been defined and operationalized in migrant health research in high income countries and to document which populations and health and well-being outcomes have been studied in relation to this concept.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). We searched nine electronic databases; no time restrictions were applied. Studies published in English or French in peer-reviewed journals were considered. Studies were eligible if they included a measure of transnationalism (or one of its dimensions; social, cultural, economic, political and identity ties and/or healthcare use) and examined health or well-being.

Results: Forty-seven studies, mainly cross-sectional designs (81%), were included; almost half were conducted in the United States. The majority studied immigrants, broadly defined; 23% included refugees and/or asylum-seekers while 36% included undocumented migrants. Definitions of transnationalism varied according to the focus of the study and just over half provided explicit definitions. Most often, transnationalism was defined in terms of social connections to the home country. Studies and measures mainly focused on contacts and visits with family and remittance sending, and only about one third of studies examined and measured more than two dimensions of transnationalism. The operationalization of transnationalism was not consistent and reliability and validity data, and details on language translation, were limited. Almost half of the studies examined mental health outcomes, such as emotional well-being, or symptoms of depression. Other commonly studied outcomes included self-rated health, life satisfaction and perceived discrimination.

Conclusion: To enhance comparability in this field, researchers should provide a clear, explicit definition of transnationalism based on the scope of their study, and for its measurement, they should draw from validated items/questions and be consistent in its operationalization across studies. To enhance the quality of findings, more complex approaches for operationalizing transnationalism (e.g., latent variable modelling) and longitudinal designs should be used. Further research examining a range of transnationalism dimensions and health and well-being outcomes, and with a diversity of migrant populations, is also warranted.

Violent radicalization is the result of a multidimensional process determined by a complex interplay among cultural, social and individual variables. However, empirical evidence on the risk and protective factors involved in the process of violent radicalization is still scarce. Even less is known on early determinants in terms of primary prevention. In the present chapter, we argue the importance of a Positive Youth Development (PYD) approach to the study of violent radicalization, aimed at fostering youth strengths across multiple levels of functioning. In support of our argument, we present findings from a broad quantitative project on the determinants of sympathy for violent radicalization among youth in Québec (Canada). The findings suggest that supporting connection (e.g., social support, plural group identities and religiosity) and confidence (e.g., positive future orientation) represents an effective way of providing youth with valid alternatives to violent radicalization.

This chapter presents an overview of the body of literature on radicalization leading to violence. We define violent radicalization and situate the phenomenon in our present socially polarized world, reporting available global estimates of terrorist and hate crime and incidents for both the Global South and Global North. We argue that violent radicalization is a global public health issue that calls for a socio-ecological approach to prevention and intervention and discuss the harmful consequences of applying a security-driven framework to develop prevention programs. We identify the challenges related to measuring and documenting factors that may reduce the overall climate of legitimation of intergroup violence in the general population and subsequently present an overview of multilevel risk and protective factors associated with support to violent radicalization. We then present an overview of existing primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention initiatives in the Global North and Global South. We conclude with a critical discussion of limitations and potential avenues for the future of research and prevention on violent radicalization.

In order to highlight the influence of the national context on the process of identity transmission, this chapter aims to compare the parental identity transmission project of mixed couples in Quebec and Morocco while taking into account the transnational experience of these families. The significant differences between Quebec and Morocco offer an interesting comparison with respect to transmission issues. We discuss the choices and strategies of the parents, focusing on the transmission of specific identity markers: the choice of first name and family name, educational system, language and nationality. Our results show that the national context significantly influences the choices that parents make but also that the transnational experience of these families strongly impacts the process of identity transmission. Choices are made to facilitate the children’s transnational mobility, and relationships and cross-border ties are also used by the parents as a resource to strengthen a sense of belonging that connects their children to both societies.

This article presents a preliminary evaluation of training sessions promoting a systemic approach to violent radicalization (VR) offered to first-line health and education professionals in Quebec. We describe the rationale and content for the training program, its general principles and implementation modalities. The mixed-method evaluation indicated that the participants felt the training increased their level of confidence in dealing with VR in their work. It appeared that training also shifted participants’ attitudes significantly on four items with decreases: (1) worry about the extent of VR of young people in Quebec; (2) belief that VR should automatically be reported to the police; (3) thinking that Islam favors VR; and (4) assumption that enhanced security measures would have a deterrent effect on VR. The conclusion discusses the challenges associated with violent radicalization training programs, emphasizing the delicate ethical and political questions related to the provision of training on this socially divisive topic.

Offering a transnational perspective on the processes of identity transmission and identity construction of mixed families in various parts of the world, this book provides an overview of how local, national, global contexts and inter-group relations structure the development of specific forms of belonging and identification.

Featuring nine rich ethnographic studies situated in geographic areas less covered by scholarship on mixed families such as Québec, Morocco, Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Philippines, Thailand and Israel, the book’s contributions reveal how families’ everyday lives are shaped by historical and sociopolitical contexts, as well as by transnational dynamics and mobility trajectories. The studies illustrate the context-specific realities that shape social definitions of mixedness—whether religious, national, cultural, ethnic or racial—at local and transnational levels.

The articulation of local and transnational perspectives on mixed families will be of interest to students and scholars of migration, transnationalism, families, ethnicity, race and racism in the social sciences (anthropology, sociology, history, social work, international relations and global studies). The book will also be of interest to policymakers, as well as activists and practitioners working in organizations offering services to mixed individuals, migrants, and their families.

Mixed methods research is well-suited to grapple with questions of what counts as valid knowledge across different contexts and perspectives. This article introduces Weight of Evidence as a transformative procedure for stakeholders to interpret, expand on and prioritize evidence from
evidence syntheses, with a focus on engaging populations historically excluded from planning and decision making. This article presents the procedure’s five steps using pilot data on perinatal care of immigrant women in Canada, engaging family physicians and birth companions. Fuzzy cognitive mapping offers an accessible and systematic way to generate priors to update published literature with stakeholder priorities. Weight of Evidence is a transparent procedure to broaden what counts as expertise, contributing to a more comprehensive, context-specific, and
actionable understanding.

Ce chapitre s’attarde à la manière dont certains enfants, adolescents et parents du Québec ont vécu le confinement et les différentes mesures sociosanitaires misent en place au cours des premiers mois de la pandémie de la COVID-19. Ces expériences serviront à illustrer comment se manifeste ce que plusieurs appellent la vulnérabilité ordinaire.

The present study examines the moderating role of total, intrinsic, and extrinsic religiosity in the relation between perceived discrimination and sympathy for violent radicalization (VR) among college students in Quebec, Canada. A total of 931 students responded to an online questionnaire and were included in this study. Linear mixed-effects models were conducted to account for the clustered nature of the data, and moderation was assessed via interaction analysis using cross-product terms in the models. Findings indicated that both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity had a protective role in the link between perceived discrimination and sympathy for VR and buffered the effects of sadness in response to discrimination on sympathy for VR, but not the effects of anger in response to discrimination. These results provide evidence of the protective role of religiosity in Canada, a social context characterized by an increase in religious discrimination, but which also supports religious diversity.

Background

International and migrant students face specific challenges which may impact their mental health, well-being and academic outcomes, and these may be gendered experiences. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature on the challenges, coping responses and supportive interventions for international and migrant students in academic nursing programs in major host countries, with a gender lens.

Methods

We searched 10 databases to identify literature reporting on the challenges, coping responses and/or supportive interventions for international and migrant nursing students in college or university programs in Canada, the United-States, Australia, New Zealand or a European country. We included peer-reviewed research (any design), discussion papers and literature reviews. English, French and Spanish publications were considered and no time restrictions were applied. Drawing from existing frameworks, we critically assessed each paper and extracted information with a gender lens.

Results

One hundred fourteen publications were included. Overall the literature mostly focused on international students, and among migrants, migration history/status and length of time in country were not considered with regards to challenges, coping or interventions. Females and males, respectively, were included in 69 and 59% of studies with student participants, while those students who identify as other genders/sexual orientations were not named or identified in any of the research. Several papers suggest that foreign-born nursing students face challenges associated with different cultural roles, norms and expectations for men and women. Other challenges included perceived discrimination due to wearing a hijab and being a ‘foreign-born male nurse’, and in general nursing being viewed as a feminine, low-status profession. Only two strategies, accessing support from family and other student mothers, used by women to cope with challenges, were identified. Supportive interventions considering gender were limited; these included matching students with support services’ personnel by sex, involving male family members in admission and orientation processes, and using patient simulation as a method to prepare students for care-provision of patients of the opposite-sex.

Conclusion

Future work in nursing higher education, especially regarding supportive interventions, needs to address the intersections of gender, gender identity/sexual orientation and foreign-born status, and also consider the complexity of migrant students’ contexts.

Health care personnel attitudes toward refugee claimant entitlement to health care are influenced by multilevel factors including institutional and societal culture. Although individual attitudes may be modified through training, macro- and meso-issues require system-level interventions. This paper analyzes the role of individual-, institutional-, and city-level factors in shaping attitudes toward refugee claimants’ access to health care among Canadian health care personnel. A total of 4207 health care personnel in 16 institutions located in Montreal and Toronto completed an online survey on attitudes regarding health care access for refugee claimants. We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify individual-, institutional-, and city-level predictors of endorsing access to care. Participants who had prior contact with refugee claimants had greater odds of endorsing access to care than those who did not (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.21). Attitudes varied with occupation: social workers had the highest probability of endorsing equal access to health care (.83; 95% CI .77, .89) followed by physicians (.77; 95% CI .71, .82). An estimated 7.97% of the individual variation in endorsement of equal access to health care was attributable to differences between institutions, but this association was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for city residence. Results indicate that the contexts in which health care professionals live and work are important when understanding opinions on access to health care for vulnerable populations. They suggest that institutional interventions promoting a collective mission to care for vulnerable populations may improve access to health care for precarious status migrants.

Highlights
Poor Ebola virus disease (EVD) knowledge is associated to risky rumors, misconceptions, and inappropriate practices.

A large proportion of participants did not have sufficient knowledge on EVD transmission, prevention and treatment methods.

More than half of participants had misconceptions about EVD and were not aware of appropriate practices.

Results will facilitate the development of education programs that should equip them to prevent the spread of the EVD.

Objectives
This study explored the perspectives of mental health practitioners serving LGBTQ+ forced migrants, LGBTQ+ individuals, and forced migrants not identifying as LGBTQ+ to understand the clinical frameworks guiding their practice and how they approached clients whose identities were similar to or different than their own.
Methods
Twenty-eight mental health practitioners from three Canadian cities participated in qualitative interviews. The sample comprised practitioners serving LGBTQ+ forced migrants (n=11); forced migrants not identifying as LGBTQ+ (n=9); and non-migrant LGBTQ+ clients (n=8). Thirteen providers identified as white; 3 as Middle-Eastern/North African, 3 as Latinx, 1 as West African, 1 as Indigenous, 1 as West Asian, and 1 as Other. Data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory.
Results
Practitioners across all three 3 sample groups used similar approaches, whether or not they worked with clients whose sexual orientations, gender identities, racial/ethnic backgrounds, or migration status were different than their own. Practitioners described using an
eclectic approach, incorporating cultural competence, cultural humility, and LGBTQ+- affirmative and anti-oppressive practices in their work. Practitioners also noted that lack of training for ancillary providers could lead to discrimination that negatively impacts clients, making establishing a therapeutic relationship challenging.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that the concepts of cultural humility, cultural competence, and affirmative practice may not be mutually exclusive. The similarities in practice approaches across provider samples point to the salience of integrating these clinical practice concepts and frameworks when working with LGBTQ+ forced migrants, LGBTQ+ individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds, and forced migrants who do not identity as LGBTQ+.

For the last three decades, Western host countries have been implementing restrictive immigration measures toward asylum seekers aiming to keep them out, to contain them in their country of origin or to toughen their living conditions in the host country. These measures have deeply affected the civil and political rights of asylum seekers as well as their social and economic well-being. Using an exploratory approach, this study explored how social workers dealt with situations of social and economic human rights violations experienced by asylum seekers in Canada. Findings revealed that many factors shaped social workers’ conceptions of human rights and their decisions to engage in human rights–based practice. These factors were academic training, social workers’ personal stance toward human rights, and social workers’ approach to structural disadvantage carried out in public institutions toward asylum seekers. Findings suggested social workers developed different understanding of inland immigration measures and the effect of structural disadvantages in asylum seekers’ host countries. Findings also illustrated interventions centered around human rights that followed from empowerment, such as consciousness-raising, critical thinking and actions of mobilization.

In the context of migration, different perspectives of child agency can influence childcare practices and may create tensions within families and in the host society. This study explores the individual, relational, environmental, and cultural factors that influence how child agency is understood and exercised within immigrant households. Focus group discussions were conducted with first- and second-generation immigrant children (12- to 17-year-old) (N = 46) and parents (N = 19) from South-Asia, Latin-America and the Caribbean in Montreal. Our findings suggest that children exercise agency by taking actions to ensure their own safety and contributing to their families’ needs. Moreover, we found that negotiating children’s agency is influenced by the nature of the parent–child relationship, the material and social resources available to the family, and the perceived and lived experiences of authority and safety in the host society. This study advances our understanding of how immigrant children contribute to their families and the role that contextual factors play in shaping, promoting and hindering child agency. Policy makers and service providers in host societies should consider the perspectives of immigrant children and parents in order to develop a more culturally responsive understanding of the elements and processes that influence childcare and supervision practices of immigrant families.

Using a retrospective sample, the authors sought to determine whether Black patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Canada were at a higher risk for coercive referral and coercive intervention than non-Black patients with FEP. Methods: Retrospective data from patients referred to an FEP program in 2008?2018 were collected via chart review (N=208). The authors used chi-square and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships among race-ethnicity, diagnosis of psychosis, and coercive referral and intervention. Results: Results showed that Black persons of Caribbean or African descent with FEP were significantly more likely to be coercively referred (?2=9.24, df=2, p=0.010) and coercively treated (?2=9.21, df=2, p=0.010) than were non-Black individuals with FEP. Age and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive referral. Ethnoracial status, age, and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive intervention. Conclusions: This study contributes to the dearth of research on Black Canadians and offers insight into factors that may place patients with FEP at risk for coercive treatment. More research is needed to explore the role that ethnoracial status may play in hospital admissions and to uncover the role of racial prejudices in the assessment of danger.

Bien qu’il y ait un intérêt grandissant dans la recherche en sciences sociales sur la réalité des personnes migrantes marginalisées, telle que celles appartenant à la population LGBTQ+, on dispose de très peu d’études dans la littérature québécoise sur les meilleures stratégies d’implication des personnes concernées dans la construction des savoirs. Cet article vise à contribuer à la diffusion de la connaissance empirique et autoréflexive sur l’inclusion des personnes LGBTQ+ migrantes dans les espaces de délibération et de co-construction des savoirs. Pour ce faire, plusieurs pistes sont proposées pour dépasser les limites systémiques ainsi que résoudre les défis méthodologiques et éthiques liés à l’inclusion des personnes LGBTQ+ migrantes au sein des espaces de réflexion et de construction des connaissances autour des enjeux qui les concernent directement. D’un point de vue empirique, notre démarche s’appuie sur l’autoreflexivité de différents acteurs et actrices concernés (membres soutenus, membres du conseil d’administration, membres de l’équipe de soutien et employés) dans une recherche communautaire menée en collaboration avec l’organisme communautaire AGIR (Action LGBTQ avec les immigrant.e.s et les réfugié.e.s).

Dans cet article nous interrogeons la prise de décision qui jalonne la grande maladie chez les enfants. En milieu hospitalier pédiatrique montréalais (et en particulier ici à l’unité de greffe de moelle osseuse) la mort et la vie se côtoient de près et appellent souvent des décisions délicates qui transformeront un projet thérapeutique d’une vision curative (et de guérison) à un accompagnement (et soins palliatifs). Lors de pronostics sombres, une relation complexe s’installe entre la science, les soignants et les soignés donnant lieu à des trajectoires où prime l’action même lorsque la mort se dessine.

Abstract

Introduction: As elsewhere in the world, Quebec (Canada) is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 92% of deaths have occurred among people aged over 70, and approximately 100 long-term care (LTC) centers (termed CHSLDs in Quebec) were contaminated. This alarming situation is prompting stakeholders from healthcare networks to investigate the socio-economic repercussions of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, there is no valid and reliable tool to measure the costs associated with the management of COVID-19 in CHSLDs. Objectives: This research protocol aims to: i) adapt and validate for use in CHSLDs a combined guide, Cout-COVID19-SLD, developed from 2 guides used in acute care; ii) pilot the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide in CHSLDs and test its feasibility and afterwards resolve any barriers to its administration, and to conduct a partial estimate of costs brought about by COVID-19. Methods: A two-part prospective study will be conducted. Phase 1 will use a Delphi approach with 14 to 17 experts to validate the content of the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide. Phase 2 will pilot test the guide in a cross-sectional study in two CHSLDs. Discussion and conclusion: This study will provide a validated guide for the systematic measurement of costs associated with the management of COVID-19 (costs of preventive measures and costs of illness) in CHSLDs. Finally, this guide will serve as a valid and reliable instrument with which to better plan future research surrounding the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in CHSLDs.

Purpose:
The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between COVID-19 experiences, perceived COVID-19 behavioral control, social norms and attitudes, and future intention to follow social distancing guidelines.

Design:
This is a cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Participants responded to an on-line survey in June 2020.

Subjects:
The study included 3,183 residents within Quebec, Canada aged 18 and over.

Measures:
Measures include perceived COVID-19 related discrimination, fear of COVID-19 infection, prior exposure to COVID-19, and prior social distancing behavior. Participants self-reported attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and perceived norms related to social distancing. Finally, we measured social distancing behavioral intention.

Analysis:
We evaluated a theory of planned behavior (TPB) measurement model of social distancing using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The association between COVID-19 perceived discrimination, fear of infection, previous social distancing behavior, exposure to COVID-19, TPB constructs and behavioral intentions to social distance were estimated using SEM path analysis.

Results:
TPB constructs were positively associated with intention to follow social distancing guidelines. Fear of COVID-19 infection and prior social distancing behavior were positively associated with behavioral intentions. In contrast, perceived discrimination was negatively associated with the outcome. Associations between fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19 discrimination and behavioral intentions were partially mediated by constructs of TPB.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 prevention efforts designed to emphasize positive attitudes, perceived control, and social norms around social distancing should carefully balance campaigns that heighten fear of infection along with anti- discrimination messaging.

The contemporary global context of migration suggests a continued increase in migration due to people forced out of their countries of origin as a result of interconnected factors such as war, dictatorship, persecution, development, resource extraction, environmental disaster and human trafficking. These social, economic and political conditions shape the ways in which heteronormative1
and cisnormative violence compel lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) people from the Global South to migrate to the Global North.
Indeed, over 70 of the 93 nation-states continue to criminalize sexual and
gender transgressions, with most of these situated in the Global South, such as Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Nigeria. However, critical scholarship highlights, in site- and context-specific ways, the historical role of colonialism, imperialism and European empire-building in the criminalization, control and erasure of diverse Indigenous sexual and gender expressions and practices in these regions.
A growing body of scholarship engages in historical, policy and textual analysis while drawing from critical race, feminist (e.g. transnational and post-colonial feminist, women of color feminist, transfeminist, etc.), queer (e.g. queer of color, queer diasporic) and trans theories
This chapter presents key findings from a scoping review that synthesized the knowledge produced between 2007 to 2017 about LGBTQI migrants, with a
focus of those who migrated from the Global South to the Global North. The term “migrant” is used to include those who arrive in a host country with permanent status (e.g. refugees, LGBTQI Migrants and Social Work. Economic class, family class, etc.) or with precarious status (visitors, temporary workers, international students, refugee claimants, undocumented people, etc.). A total of 241 publications were included in the initial scoping review, with 56 from Canada, 74 from the US, 50 from elsewhere in the Global North and 61 from the Global South. A synthesis that focuses primarily on the Canadian-specific literature (Lee et al., in press), has been discussed elsewhere. Thus, this chapter focuses primarily on scholarship from the Global North, particularly from the US
and Europe. However, we draw from the entirety of the literature reviewed in order to more fully explore the implications for social work policy and practice with LGBTQI migrants. This highlights possible strategies for engaging in policy advocacy and community mobilizing as well as developing trauma-informed and anti-oppressive service delivery and specialized services for LGBTQI migrants.
There is an emergent and growing social work-specific literature about LGBTQI migrant realities informing how social work educators and practitioners in the Global North may better work with this population. Yet, there remains a lack of scholarship that examines the role of the social work profession in LGBTQI support and advocacy. This chapter therefore concludes with some critical reflections on the generative possibilities of the social work profession placing

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

Background
Children exposed to violence are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes. Given the unique cultural and social context, understanding what fosters children’s resilience in resource-limited areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, is vital.
Objectives
Using data from the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB), this paper explores individual-, family-, and school-level factors associated with positive outcomes for children who have experienced some form of violence in Khomas region, Namibia.
Method and participants
Using a cross-sectional survey design, the ISCWeB questionnaire, assessing cognitive, affective, and psychological dimensions of well-being, child protection factors and violence exposure was administered to 2124 Grade four and six children.
Results
Our sample had a mean age of 11.2 years. Overall, 56.8 % of children reported at least one incident of violence from an adult caregiver at home and 86.0 % of children reported some form of peer violence at school. Materially deprived children experienced higher incidence of both family and peer violence. The quality of children’s relationships at home (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), and school (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) emerged as important protective factors for children’s well-being for both types of violence, suggesting that supportive family and school relationships may be more important to the subjective well-being of children who experienced violence than material wellbeing, violence severity, and individual child factors.
Conclusions
Providing positive social interaction and emotional security in contextually and culturally appropriate ways within children’s proximal systems should be prioritized while challenging norms that support violence in Namibian families and schools.
Keywords: Children; Family violence; Bullying; Subjective well-being; Namibia

This article presents an analysis of the lived experiences of youth mental health practitioners taking part in Transcultural Interinstitutional and Interdisciplinary Case Discussion Seminars (TIICDS), an intercultural training initiative developed in Montréal (Québec, Canada), while considering the current context of increasing social polarizations. Using insights from the community of practice (CoP) framework and drawing on the analysis of 21 seminar sessions and 26 semi-structured individual interviews, this article examines the relation between the local sociopolitical context, the participants’ verbalization about their identities, and the affect and cognition evoked by the training. Results indicate that TIICDSs present several features of a CoP and that intercultural training needs to build on both theoretical and experiential knowledge, while considering local contextual elements. These include historical and contemporary social representations and power differentials between groups, the cultural identities of trainees, and the institutions and sociopolitical structures in which clinical practices take place. These elements, we argue, are sensitive and potentially conflictual but can be addressed through supportive and reflexive group-based initiatives such as CoPs that bring together practitioners on a regular basis and provide them with a ‘culturally safe enough’ space in which they can learn to complexify their understanding of clinical situations.

Background

This article reports the results of a rapid scoping review of the literature on COVID-19 transmission risk to workers in essential sectors such as retail, health care, manufacturing, and agriculture, and more particularly the experiences of workers in precarious employment and social situations.

Methods

Following scoping review methods, we included 30 studies that varied in terms of methodology and theoretical approaches. The search included peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published between March and September 2020.

Results

Based on the studies reviewed, we found that COVID-19 infection and death rates increased not only with age and comorbidities, but also with discrimination and structural inequities based on racism and sexism. Racial and ethnic minority workers, including migrant workers, are concentrated in high-risk occupations and this concentration is correlated to lower socioeconomic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic appears in the occupational health and safety spotlight as an exacerbator of already existing socioeconomic inequalities and social inequalities in health, especially in light of the intersection of issues related to racism, ethnic minority status, and sexism.

Conclusions

This review provides early evidence about the limitations of institutions’ responses to the pandemic, and their capacity to provide a safe and decent working environment for all workers, regardless of their employment status or the social protections they may enjoy under normal circumstances. It is also important to think about these issues in the postpandemic context, when conditions of precariousness and vulnerability persist and possibly worsen.

On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork carried out among youths living in Montreal(Canada) who are interested in Islam and adopt some elements of a Muslim lifestyle, I show how affinities with Islam arise from sociability practices with friends of Muslim background and relate to the cultural diversification of secular societies. By combining network analysis with narrative analysis, I examine how youths interpret and make sense of these interactions and propose a critical view of their cosmopolitan discourses. While the latter is grounded in a universalist rhetoric, I argue it also unfolds within the intimacy of sociability experiences and share demotions. Youth’s cosmopolitanism draws on cultural repertoires that stem from public education programs and local strategies to promote peaceable cohabitation in secular contexts. Consequently, youth competencies for cosmopolitanism lead to on going conversations that make differences and divergences within sociability spaces new sites to negotiate intercultural encounters in highly diversified localities.

In the past decade there has been an increase in focus on the concept of deservingness and how it plays out in debates around health care for migrant populations with precarious legal status. This study uses latent class analysis to identify subtypes of attitudes regarding asylum seeker access to health care and endorsement of support for asylum seeker access to care among 4066 employees of health care institutions in Montreal and Toronto, Canada. Authors identified four classes of attitudes towards asylum seeker access to care named ‘Favorable,’ ‘Opposed,’ ‘Ambivalent/Reactive,’ and ‘Unconcerned/Status quo’. The odds of endorsing access to health care depended on the individual’s class membership of asylum seeker attitude. Although there are segments of the population that overwhelmingly endorse, or reject, asylum seeker access to care, there are important variants in opinions and beliefs. Interventions are needed to engage professionals more ambivalent or opposed to asylum seeker access to care.

La Direction régionale de santé publique (DRSP) de Montréal a effectué une consultation des acteurs terrain à l’initiative du milieu communautaire afin de mieux documenter, légitimer et améliorer la réponse communautaire à la COVID-19 pour les personnes immigrantes et racisées. Cet exercice a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions et l’Institut universitaire SHERPA : 397 réponses à un questionnaire en ligne pour les acteurs terrain ont été recueillies. Nous avons également mené des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de huit experts issus du milieu de l’humanitaire afin de compléter et valoriser les initiatives locales montréalaises existantes, mais aussi de proposer des pistes d’action pour mieux appréhender la seconde vague. Finalement, nous avons validé les résultats avec presque 100 acteurs concernés (ex. groupes communautaires, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux [CIUSSS], bailleurs de fond) lors des deux séances délibératives.

Nous proposons une réflexion analytique basée sur les résultats de deux recherches qualitatives antérieures réalisées au Québec (Canada) portant sur des personnes descendantes de migrants. Dans le cadre d’interventions en contexte d’interculturalité, on doit rester à l’écoute parfois d’un silence des personnes racisées. Que signifie ce silence ? Nous montrons ici que le silence de ces personnes face à des micro-agressions récurrentes est une forme de résistance à l’exclusion qui conduit à la fois à renforcer des liens d’appartenance et à fragiliser un lien social global, cela dans un contexte macrosocial inscrit dans un processus sociohistorique. Dans cette perspective, il s’agira d’articuler les plans subjectif et social en faisant usage d’une approche théorique interdisciplinaire ainsi que d’une épistémologie et d’une méthodologie spécifique.

Le programme de Services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE) offre une intervention précoce et intensive qui cible les facteurs de risque et promeut les facteurs de protection chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire et leurs familles. À ce jour, aucune étude n’a évalué la pertinence des critères d’admissibilité au programme pour la clientèle immigrante. La présente étude explore donc la capacité des critères d’admissibilité à identifier les mères réfugiées ou immigrantes vulnérables du point de vue d’intervenantes SIPPE. Les intervenantes identifient certains problèmes soulevés dans le cadre du processus décisionnel actuel. Des recommandations sont émises pour favoriser un processus décisionnel qui tienne compte des besoins spécifiques de la clientèle desservie.

Hairstyles have always been important to Black Africans and their descendants and are important in expressing identity. The transatlantic slave trade made it difficult to maintain these hairstyles, mostly due to separation from familial and other ties. Since Black phenotypes were viewed as inferior, Black hair and styles were seen as ugly and unacceptable. The American Civil Rights Movement (ACRM) ushered in a resurgence in ‘natural’ hairstyles, supporting a collective identity and a counterhegemonic movement. However, the success of this movement did not propel Black hairstyles on to the same plane as those that maintained the imperial aesthetic of the white ideal. The constant diminution of the Black identity through the disparagement of Black hairstyles has been used as a synonym for racism and can lead to psychological distress and mental instability. Although Black people have resided in Canada and Quebec since the 17th century, there is very little in Canadian academic literature addressing these issues. This theoretical paper presents a discourse on the importance of hair to the identity of Black people and will add to the limited literature by providing Canadian and Québécois institutions with a greater appreciation of the prominence of Black hair and hairstyles to the identity and well-being of Black people.

Vaccination is a common painful procedure for children. Parents’ concern regarding vaccination pain is a significant driver of vaccine hesitancy. Despite the wealth of evidence-based practices available for managing vaccination pain, parents lack knowledge of, and access to, these strategies. Knowledge translation (KT) tools can communicate evidence-based information to parents, however little is known about what factors influence parents’ use of these tools. A two-page, electronic KT tool on psychological, physical, and pharmacological vaccination pain management strategies for children, was shared with parents as part of a larger mixed methods study, using explanatory sequential design, exploring factors related to uptake of this KT tool. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand what influenced parents’ perceptions of the relevance of the KT tool, as well as their decision as to whether to use the tool.

C’est avec une petite larme au coin de l’oeil que METISS (Migration et Ethnicité dans les Interventions en Santé et en Services sociaux) vous fait ses adieux. Eh oui! Après 28 ans de recherche et de partenariat, l’équipe ferme boutique.

Pour clore cette époque en beauté, nous vous présentons avec beaucoup de fierté une toute dernière publication, les toutes dernières « Entre-vues », qui retracent trois décennies de recherche, d’innovation et de collaboration autour de la thématique de la diversité dans les services sociaux et de santé. Des fondements sur lesquels on peut s’appuyer pour nous propulser vers l’avenir, mais un document à consulter avec un brin de nostalgie tout de même.

Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Ouest-de-l’île-de-Montréal (CCOMTL) salue l’initiative du Secrétariat aux aînés (SA) du ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) de réitérer l’importance de la lutte contre la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées et est fier de contribuer à cette consultation dans le cadre des travaux d’élaboration du prochain plan d’action 2022- 2027. Le Centre de santé et de services sociaux Cavendish – Centre affilié universitaire, maintenant intégré au CCOMTL depuis 2015, a contribué à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre de plusieurs mesures phares des plans d’action précédents. Ces initiatives témoignent de l’engagement continu du gouvernement du Québec, du ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux (MSSS) et de son Secrétariat aux ainés à répondre aux préoccupations de la population en continuant à lutter contre la maltraitance et à favoriser la bientraitance envers les personnes aînées dans tous les milieux.
Dans cette continuité, et en vertu de la mission universitaire du CCOMTL en gérontologie sociale, nous avons à cœur d’unir l’expertise et les savoirs issus de la recherche à ceux de la pratique afin d’alimenter la réflexion sur les futures actions du gouvernement. Le modèle unique de collaboration entre nos équipes cliniques, nos centres de recherche et d’expertise et nos partenaires communautaires nous permet d’être à l’affut des besoins des personnes aînées, de développer des connaissances et des pratiques fondées sur les données scientifiques et les meilleures pratiques afin de répondre à ces besoins. Le présent mémoire réunit ainsi la perspective de chercheurs et praticiens-chercheurs du Centre de recherche et d’expertise en gérontologie sociale (CREGÉS) et d’intervenants de la Ligne Aide Abus Aînés (LAAA). Nous avons aussi invité des chercheurs de notre Institut universitaire au regard des communautés ethnoculturelles (IU-SHERPA) à contribuer en vertu de leur expertise en lien avec les personnes aînées issues de l’immigration. Pour la rédaction de ce mémoire, nous avons adopté une conceptualisation large de la maltraitance permettant de faire ressortir les diverses réalités sociales qui sont couramment négligées ou tout simplement ignorées dans le discours public et qui reflète bien les perspectives complémentaires des instances participantes que nous présentons brièvement ci-dessous.

The question of how workers’ compensation systems should account for language barriers is of increasing importance given Canada’s growing linguistic diversity. This study is the first to empirically examine, based on interviews with injured workers and key informants, return-to-work policies and practices through the lens of language barriers. By comparing two jurisdictions, Quebec and Ontario, the study highlights similarities and differences in language accommodation and return-to-work policies and practices that shape the experiences of injured workers with language needs. It argues that gaps in this regard, which are more pronounced in Quebec, contribute to poor return-to-work outcomes for these workers in both provinces.

Objectives
According to the World Health Organization, discrepancies in health statistics reflect unequal access to resources. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada calls for an increase in the number of Indigenous workers within health and social services. The involvement of local community workers is essential to ensure the cultural security of care and the decolonization of services. This article presents the role played by these workers in the expansion of mental health services and social interventions in Nunavik, the contextual considerations that influence their practice and their place within professional teams.

Methods
A thematic analysis was conducted on semi-structured interviews done in 2016 with 60 Inuit and non-Inuit individuals working in the broad field of health and social services in Nunavik.

Results
The integration of local community workers is perceived to bring several benefits, including the improvement of interventions and unique learning opportunities. However, several factors hinder this collaboration, such as clarity of mandates, access to pre-requisite training and diplomas, recognition of local knowledge, and staff turnover. More flexibility and support after hiring would allow for the service structure to be adapted to the complex reality of Nunavik.

Conclusion
This article adds to the body of literature highlighting the importance of collaboration with local community workers. The decolonization of services necessarily involves redesigning structures in order to recognize their contribution and to give a place to local knowledge.

This article introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry that presents recent work that deepens our understanding of the refugee experience—from the forces of displacement, through the trajectory of migration, to the challenges of resettlement. Mental health research on refugees and asylum seekers has burgeoned over the past two decades with epidemiological studies, accounts of the lived experience, new conceptual frameworks, and advances in understanding of effective treatment and intervention. However, there are substantial gaps in available research, and important ethical and methodological challenges. These include: the need to adopt decolonizing, participatory methods that amplify refugee voices; the further development of frameworks for studying the broad impacts of forced migration that go beyond posttraumatic stress disorder; and more translational research informed by longitudinal studies of the course of refugee adaptation. Keeping a human rights advocacy perspective front and center will allow researchers to work in collaborative ways with both refugee communities and receiving societies to develop innovative mental health policy and practice to meet the urgent need for a global response to the challenge of forced migration, which is likely to grow dramatically in the coming years as a result of the impacts of climate change.

This paper addresses the well-being of children in Switzerland, Canada and Estonia, as they experienced the lockdown imposed by governments after the state of international public health emergency, declared by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. Suspension of school or starting with distance learning, cessation of extracurricular activities, closure of playgrounds, parks, shopping centres and loss of daily contacts with friends completely transformed children’s lives. The surveys conducted by the authors in individual ways, were all inspired by their membership to the Children’s Understandings of Well-Being network and involved the participation of 403 children aged 7–17 years old (229 girls and 174 boys). They present the emerging trends from the children’s narratives focusing on their experience of the lockdown in relation to family life, school life, contacts with friends, and in relation to space, time and self. During the lockdown leisure activities and hobbies, followed by life with friends and school life challenged relational well-being the most, while family life opened up new perspectives and generational solidarity. Staying at home and decreased physical activity impacted on the physical health of children, missing direct contacts with friends and teachers put social relations to test, fear of the virus decreased feeling safe and secure, and the lockdown restricted participation in society. The findings underline the relational nature of their well-being. More in-depth studies are needed to highlight the widening of inequalities and the balance between protection and participation of children.

La modernisation du régime de santé et sécurité du travail représente un besoin vital dans un contexte d’expansion du travail atypique, de l’accentuation des conditions de travail précaires et de l’émergence de l’économie de plateforme. Une modernisation inclusive et exhaustive de
la réglementation entourant les conditions du travail et le régime de sécurité et santé du travail est nécessaire. Cela permettra d’éviter la prolifération de zones grises du travail et l’accroissement d’un vide juridique, et par conséquent, d’empêcher la réduction de la protection des travailleurs et travailleuses les plus vulnérables, dont les immigrants, les réfugiés et les personnes sans statut représentent une partie significative. Personne ne doit être exclu d’une telle démarche. La pandémie nous démontre que le travail précaire des travailleurs et travailleuses (im)migrants les expose à des risques potentiellement fatals de santé et sécurité au travail (Côté, Dubé & Frozzini, 2020, 2021; Tremblay, 2020). Dans cet avis sur les changements proposés par le Projet de loi 59, nous abordons deux grandes catégories de lacunes dans le Projet de loi:

(1) La protection de travailleurs et travailleuses atypique (secteurs du travail
domestique, des agences de placement, de l’économie à la demande et du
télétravail); et

(2) L’accessibilité des mesures de prévention et d’indemnisation en matière de santé et sécurité du travail pour les travailleurs et travailleuses (im)migrants.

The perception of epidemic risk has been associated with the production of narratives in which figures such as villains and heroes emerge. This article critically analyzes social media users’ construction of heroic figures during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic. We used international Twitter and Facebook comments as our raw material, collected by key word extraction. A thematic analysis resulted in a descriptive typology of three heroic figures: the martyr, the warrior, and the saviour. Our analysis showed that heroic status (highly associated with willingness to take high risks on behalf of others) was mostly conferred on common individuals and ‘insiders’ living in the Ebola-afflicted communities – often deemed ‘unsung’ – rather than the foreigners frequently heroised in previous crises. We deconstruct this heroisation dynamic, showing that it is a socially strategic move because it is embedded in a potential instrumentalization of heroes. First, this production of ‘everyday heroes’ may encourage the involvement of lay people in the epidemic response, by conveying that anyone can become a health hero. Second, we show that this heroisation process maintains the status quo by encouraging adherence to biomedical discourses, and by individualising the narrative and neglecting the structural changes needed to address the epidemic. Finally, we caution against discourses that seem socially ‘progressive’ but may be used as a smokescreen to hide discriminatory dynamics, and we recommend changes in communication strategies.

Si la race n’existe pas, le racisme existe et il faut donc s’en préoccuper si on veut développer des sociétés plus interculturelles et plus inclusives. Les textes de cet ouvrage offrent divers ancrages nationaux et disciplinaires et dressent le paysage du racisme contemporain en interpellant les chercheurs et praticiens de l’interculturel. Aborder le-les racisme-s dans une perspective interculturelle comporte de nombreux défis, voire des paradoxes. La première partie de l’ouvrage s’intéresse aux dimensions épistémologiques, conceptuelles et éthiques sur ces racismes d’aujourd’hui alors que la seconde en cerne les effets psychosociaux au travers de plusieurs secteurs : la langue, l’emploi, l’éducation.

Les baby-boomers ont-ils jeté le religieux avec l’eau bénite ? Sont-ils vraiment athées ? Comment donnent-ils un sens aux grands événements du cycle de la vie ? Que cache l’invisibilité ou même le tabou du religieux au Québec après le déclin du catholicisme ? Bref : que reste-t-il de l’héritage du catholicisme auprès de la génération issue du baby-boom ?

À partir de récits de vie recueillis auprès d’une centaine de Québécois nés catholiques dans les années 1950, les auteurs explorent la recherche de sens des expériences individuelles et collectives. En dépit de l’invisibilité du religieux sur la place publique, la plupart des personnes rencontrées affichent des croyances et des pratiques qui leur sont propres. Si ces dernières empruntent à divers registres religieux inspirés de la diversité culturelle, la mémoire et l’éducation catholiques restent présentes dans les récits comme dans les pratiques, parfois teintée du vocable de la spiritualité. Ce livre brosse un portrait de la modernité québécoise et de la sécularisation de la société en montrant notamment les débats identitaires qui animent l’imaginaire collectif et qui façonnent les consciences individuelles. Surtout, il vient combler un vide dans les écrits sur les comportements religieux au Québec.

This issue reveals that the implementation of inclusive education is an unfinished challenge, both within the system and for individual self-improvement. This process of changing practices, by continually questioning the school’s responsibility for the (re)production of inequalities, exclusion and unequal social relations, is riddled with obstacles, unpredictable situations and strong emotions. In particular, the researchers point out that many
systemic mechanisms of school culture contribute to replicating and reifying hierarchical school experiences and exacerbating processes of institutional discrimination against immigrant background and/or racialized students. The empirical research presented also highlights the deficit thinking of school staff toward immigrant students and their parents. The results show that staff tend to use linguistic and cultural gaps between students and the school system to explain academic failure. Be that as it may, the researchers as well as the school actors and students interviewed in this issue suggest fertile ways to improve inclusion in the school context, stressing the importance of giving voice to the various actors in order to move toward institutional transformation.

This paper presents the results of a research project into the intercultural climate in schools and on the academic success of immigrant students in Québec. The intercultural climate in eight secondary public schools is documented from the standpoint of various school and community stakeholders, students, and parents. More specifically, the paper focuses on the commitment to promoting cultural equity, which is identified through interviews with the targeted stakeholders on exclusionary practices and processes and the practices implemented to counter them. The results identify five areas of vulnerability among certain minoritized groups of students: the transition from welcoming to regular classes for those students learning French, evaluation and support for those experiencing learning or behavioral difficulties, the referral of these students to adult education programs or work-oriented training programs, their participation in extracurricular activities and their access to special school projects. Nonetheless some schools do report the introduction of many equity practices in response to the exclusionary ones. However, these initiatives are mostly occasional, voluntary, and pertain to interactions between individuals. These findings call for a discussion on the importance of systemic and concerted initiatives towards achieving equity.

Minorities and marginalized groups have increasingly become the target of discriminatory actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Detailed information about the manifestation of COVID-related discrimination is required to develop preventive actions that are not stigmatizing for such groups. The present study investigates experiences of perceived discrimination related to COVID-19 and its socio-cultural correlates in a culturally diverse sample of adults in Quebec (Canada). An online survey was completed by 3273 Quebec residents (49 % 18−39 years old; 57 % female; 49 % White). We used multivariate binomial logistic regression models to assess prevalence of COVID-related discrimination and to investigate socio-cultural correlates of reasons and contexts of discrimination. COVID-related discrimination was reported by 16.58 % of participants. Non-white participants, health-care workers and younger participants were more likely to experience discrimination than White, unemployed and older participants, respectively. Discrimination was reported primarily in association with participants’ ethno-cultural group, age, occupation and physical health and in the context of public spaces. Participants of East-Asian descent and essential workers were more likely to report discrimination because of their ethnicity and occupation, respectively. Although young people experienced discrimination across more contexts, older participants were primarily discriminated in the context of grocery stores and because of their age. Our findings indicate that health communication actions informed by a social pedagogy approach should target public beliefs related to the association of COVID-19 with ethnicity, age and occupation, to minimize pandemic-related discrimination. Visible minorities, health-care workers and seniors should be protected and supported, especially in public spaces.