Publications

Health care personnel attitudes toward refugee claimant entitlement to health care are influenced by multilevel factors including institutional and societal culture. Although individual attitudes may be modified through training, macro- and meso-issues require system-level interventions. This paper analyzes the role of individual-, institutional-, and city-level factors in shaping attitudes toward refugee claimants’ access to health care among Canadian health care personnel. A total of 4207 health care personnel in 16 institutions located in Montreal and Toronto completed an online survey on attitudes regarding health care access for refugee claimants. We used multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify individual-, institutional-, and city-level predictors of endorsing access to care. Participants who had prior contact with refugee claimants had greater odds of endorsing access to care than those who did not (OR 1.13; 95% CI 1.05, 1.21). Attitudes varied with occupation: social workers had the highest probability of endorsing equal access to health care (.83; 95% CI .77, .89) followed by physicians (.77; 95% CI .71, .82). An estimated 7.97% of the individual variation in endorsement of equal access to health care was attributable to differences between institutions, but this association was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for city residence. Results indicate that the contexts in which health care professionals live and work are important when understanding opinions on access to health care for vulnerable populations. They suggest that institutional interventions promoting a collective mission to care for vulnerable populations may improve access to health care for precarious status migrants.

Highlights
Poor Ebola virus disease (EVD) knowledge is associated to risky rumors, misconceptions, and inappropriate practices.

A large proportion of participants did not have sufficient knowledge on EVD transmission, prevention and treatment methods.

More than half of participants had misconceptions about EVD and were not aware of appropriate practices.

Results will facilitate the development of education programs that should equip them to prevent the spread of the EVD.

Objectives
This study explored the perspectives of mental health practitioners serving LGBTQ+ forced migrants, LGBTQ+ individuals, and forced migrants not identifying as LGBTQ+ to understand the clinical frameworks guiding their practice and how they approached clients whose identities were similar to or different than their own.
Methods
Twenty-eight mental health practitioners from three Canadian cities participated in qualitative interviews. The sample comprised practitioners serving LGBTQ+ forced migrants (n=11); forced migrants not identifying as LGBTQ+ (n=9); and non-migrant LGBTQ+ clients (n=8). Thirteen providers identified as white; 3 as Middle-Eastern/North African, 3 as Latinx, 1 as West African, 1 as Indigenous, 1 as West Asian, and 1 as Other. Data were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory.
Results
Practitioners across all three 3 sample groups used similar approaches, whether or not they worked with clients whose sexual orientations, gender identities, racial/ethnic backgrounds, or migration status were different than their own. Practitioners described using an
eclectic approach, incorporating cultural competence, cultural humility, and LGBTQ+- affirmative and anti-oppressive practices in their work. Practitioners also noted that lack of training for ancillary providers could lead to discrimination that negatively impacts clients, making establishing a therapeutic relationship challenging.
Conclusions
Findings suggest that the concepts of cultural humility, cultural competence, and affirmative practice may not be mutually exclusive. The similarities in practice approaches across provider samples point to the salience of integrating these clinical practice concepts and frameworks when working with LGBTQ+ forced migrants, LGBTQ+ individuals with diverse cultural backgrounds, and forced migrants who do not identity as LGBTQ+.

For the last three decades, Western host countries have been implementing restrictive immigration measures toward asylum seekers aiming to keep them out, to contain them in their country of origin or to toughen their living conditions in the host country. These measures have deeply affected the civil and political rights of asylum seekers as well as their social and economic well-being. Using an exploratory approach, this study explored how social workers dealt with situations of social and economic human rights violations experienced by asylum seekers in Canada. Findings revealed that many factors shaped social workers’ conceptions of human rights and their decisions to engage in human rights–based practice. These factors were academic training, social workers’ personal stance toward human rights, and social workers’ approach to structural disadvantage carried out in public institutions toward asylum seekers. Findings suggested social workers developed different understanding of inland immigration measures and the effect of structural disadvantages in asylum seekers’ host countries. Findings also illustrated interventions centered around human rights that followed from empowerment, such as consciousness-raising, critical thinking and actions of mobilization.

In the context of migration, different perspectives of child agency can influence childcare practices and may create tensions within families and in the host society. This study explores the individual, relational, environmental, and cultural factors that influence how child agency is understood and exercised within immigrant households. Focus group discussions were conducted with first- and second-generation immigrant children (12- to 17-year-old) (N = 46) and parents (N = 19) from South-Asia, Latin-America and the Caribbean in Montreal. Our findings suggest that children exercise agency by taking actions to ensure their own safety and contributing to their families’ needs. Moreover, we found that negotiating children’s agency is influenced by the nature of the parent–child relationship, the material and social resources available to the family, and the perceived and lived experiences of authority and safety in the host society. This study advances our understanding of how immigrant children contribute to their families and the role that contextual factors play in shaping, promoting and hindering child agency. Policy makers and service providers in host societies should consider the perspectives of immigrant children and parents in order to develop a more culturally responsive understanding of the elements and processes that influence childcare and supervision practices of immigrant families.

Using a retrospective sample, the authors sought to determine whether Black patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in Canada were at a higher risk for coercive referral and coercive intervention than non-Black patients with FEP. Methods: Retrospective data from patients referred to an FEP program in 2008?2018 were collected via chart review (N=208). The authors used chi-square and logistic regression analyses to explore the relationships among race-ethnicity, diagnosis of psychosis, and coercive referral and intervention. Results: Results showed that Black persons of Caribbean or African descent with FEP were significantly more likely to be coercively referred (?2=9.24, df=2, p=0.010) and coercively treated (?2=9.21, df=2, p=0.010) than were non-Black individuals with FEP. Age and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive referral. Ethnoracial status, age, and violent or threatening behavior were predictors of coercive intervention. Conclusions: This study contributes to the dearth of research on Black Canadians and offers insight into factors that may place patients with FEP at risk for coercive treatment. More research is needed to explore the role that ethnoracial status may play in hospital admissions and to uncover the role of racial prejudices in the assessment of danger.

Bien qu’il y ait un intérêt grandissant dans la recherche en sciences sociales sur la réalité des personnes migrantes marginalisées, telle que celles appartenant à la population LGBTQ+, on dispose de très peu d’études dans la littérature québécoise sur les meilleures stratégies d’implication des personnes concernées dans la construction des savoirs. Cet article vise à contribuer à la diffusion de la connaissance empirique et autoréflexive sur l’inclusion des personnes LGBTQ+ migrantes dans les espaces de délibération et de co-construction des savoirs. Pour ce faire, plusieurs pistes sont proposées pour dépasser les limites systémiques ainsi que résoudre les défis méthodologiques et éthiques liés à l’inclusion des personnes LGBTQ+ migrantes au sein des espaces de réflexion et de construction des connaissances autour des enjeux qui les concernent directement. D’un point de vue empirique, notre démarche s’appuie sur l’autoreflexivité de différents acteurs et actrices concernés (membres soutenus, membres du conseil d’administration, membres de l’équipe de soutien et employés) dans une recherche communautaire menée en collaboration avec l’organisme communautaire AGIR (Action LGBTQ avec les immigrant.e.s et les réfugié.e.s).

Dans cet article nous interrogeons la prise de décision qui jalonne la grande maladie chez les enfants. En milieu hospitalier pédiatrique montréalais (et en particulier ici à l’unité de greffe de moelle osseuse) la mort et la vie se côtoient de près et appellent souvent des décisions délicates qui transformeront un projet thérapeutique d’une vision curative (et de guérison) à un accompagnement (et soins palliatifs). Lors de pronostics sombres, une relation complexe s’installe entre la science, les soignants et les soignés donnant lieu à des trajectoires où prime l’action même lorsque la mort se dessine.

Abstract

Introduction: As elsewhere in the world, Quebec (Canada) is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 92% of deaths have occurred among people aged over 70, and approximately 100 long-term care (LTC) centers (termed CHSLDs in Quebec) were contaminated. This alarming situation is prompting stakeholders from healthcare networks to investigate the socio-economic repercussions of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, there is no valid and reliable tool to measure the costs associated with the management of COVID-19 in CHSLDs. Objectives: This research protocol aims to: i) adapt and validate for use in CHSLDs a combined guide, Cout-COVID19-SLD, developed from 2 guides used in acute care; ii) pilot the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide in CHSLDs and test its feasibility and afterwards resolve any barriers to its administration, and to conduct a partial estimate of costs brought about by COVID-19. Methods: A two-part prospective study will be conducted. Phase 1 will use a Delphi approach with 14 to 17 experts to validate the content of the Cout-COVID19-SLD guide. Phase 2 will pilot test the guide in a cross-sectional study in two CHSLDs. Discussion and conclusion: This study will provide a validated guide for the systematic measurement of costs associated with the management of COVID-19 (costs of preventive measures and costs of illness) in CHSLDs. Finally, this guide will serve as a valid and reliable instrument with which to better plan future research surrounding the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 in CHSLDs.

Purpose:
The objective of this study is to identify the relationship between COVID-19 experiences, perceived COVID-19 behavioral control, social norms and attitudes, and future intention to follow social distancing guidelines.

Design:
This is a cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Participants responded to an on-line survey in June 2020.

Subjects:
The study included 3,183 residents within Quebec, Canada aged 18 and over.

Measures:
Measures include perceived COVID-19 related discrimination, fear of COVID-19 infection, prior exposure to COVID-19, and prior social distancing behavior. Participants self-reported attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and perceived norms related to social distancing. Finally, we measured social distancing behavioral intention.

Analysis:
We evaluated a theory of planned behavior (TPB) measurement model of social distancing using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The association between COVID-19 perceived discrimination, fear of infection, previous social distancing behavior, exposure to COVID-19, TPB constructs and behavioral intentions to social distance were estimated using SEM path analysis.

Results:
TPB constructs were positively associated with intention to follow social distancing guidelines. Fear of COVID-19 infection and prior social distancing behavior were positively associated with behavioral intentions. In contrast, perceived discrimination was negatively associated with the outcome. Associations between fear of COVID-19, perceived COVID-19 discrimination and behavioral intentions were partially mediated by constructs of TPB.

Conclusions:
COVID-19 prevention efforts designed to emphasize positive attitudes, perceived control, and social norms around social distancing should carefully balance campaigns that heighten fear of infection along with anti- discrimination messaging.

The contemporary global context of migration suggests a continued increase in migration due to people forced out of their countries of origin as a result of interconnected factors such as war, dictatorship, persecution, development, resource extraction, environmental disaster and human trafficking. These social, economic and political conditions shape the ways in which heteronormative1
and cisnormative violence compel lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer and intersex (LGBTQI) people from the Global South to migrate to the Global North.
Indeed, over 70 of the 93 nation-states continue to criminalize sexual and
gender transgressions, with most of these situated in the Global South, such as Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Nigeria. However, critical scholarship highlights, in site- and context-specific ways, the historical role of colonialism, imperialism and European empire-building in the criminalization, control and erasure of diverse Indigenous sexual and gender expressions and practices in these regions.
A growing body of scholarship engages in historical, policy and textual analysis while drawing from critical race, feminist (e.g. transnational and post-colonial feminist, women of color feminist, transfeminist, etc.), queer (e.g. queer of color, queer diasporic) and trans theories
This chapter presents key findings from a scoping review that synthesized the knowledge produced between 2007 to 2017 about LGBTQI migrants, with a
focus of those who migrated from the Global South to the Global North. The term “migrant” is used to include those who arrive in a host country with permanent status (e.g. refugees, LGBTQI Migrants and Social Work. Economic class, family class, etc.) or with precarious status (visitors, temporary workers, international students, refugee claimants, undocumented people, etc.). A total of 241 publications were included in the initial scoping review, with 56 from Canada, 74 from the US, 50 from elsewhere in the Global North and 61 from the Global South. A synthesis that focuses primarily on the Canadian-specific literature (Lee et al., in press), has been discussed elsewhere. Thus, this chapter focuses primarily on scholarship from the Global North, particularly from the US
and Europe. However, we draw from the entirety of the literature reviewed in order to more fully explore the implications for social work policy and practice with LGBTQI migrants. This highlights possible strategies for engaging in policy advocacy and community mobilizing as well as developing trauma-informed and anti-oppressive service delivery and specialized services for LGBTQI migrants.
There is an emergent and growing social work-specific literature about LGBTQI migrant realities informing how social work educators and practitioners in the Global North may better work with this population. Yet, there remains a lack of scholarship that examines the role of the social work profession in LGBTQI support and advocacy. This chapter therefore concludes with some critical reflections on the generative possibilities of the social work profession placing

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

La pandémie liée à la COVID-19 met en lumière les inégalités sociales de santé. À l’instar de ce qui est observé ailleurs(1), les données montréalaises  disponibles suggèrent que les groupes racisés, particulièrement les  populations noires, sont plus durement touchés par le contexte de pandémie  de la COVID-19 et des effets collatéraux qui en découlent(2,3). En effet, les  quartiers les plus défavorisés sur le plan matériel et économique ainsi que ceux présentant une proportion plus importante de personnes issues  de  groupes racisés/minorités visibles sont particulièrement affectés par la  pandémie. Relativement à cela, les organisateurs communautaires du CIUSSS  du Nord-de-l ‘île-de-Montréal et des membres des cellules de crise ont  demandé à la cellule « communautés ethnoculturelles » de la Direction  régionale de la santé publique de Montréal (DRSP) de dresser un portrait des initiatives et innovations développées par les acteurs locaux ainsi que les défis  présents sur leur territoire respectif afin de mieux appréhender la deuxième  vague.

Background
Children exposed to violence are at risk of a range of adverse outcomes. Given the unique cultural and social context, understanding what fosters children’s resilience in resource-limited areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, is vital.
Objectives
Using data from the International Survey of Children’s Well-Being (ISCWeB), this paper explores individual-, family-, and school-level factors associated with positive outcomes for children who have experienced some form of violence in Khomas region, Namibia.
Method and participants
Using a cross-sectional survey design, the ISCWeB questionnaire, assessing cognitive, affective, and psychological dimensions of well-being, child protection factors and violence exposure was administered to 2124 Grade four and six children.
Results
Our sample had a mean age of 11.2 years. Overall, 56.8 % of children reported at least one incident of violence from an adult caregiver at home and 86.0 % of children reported some form of peer violence at school. Materially deprived children experienced higher incidence of both family and peer violence. The quality of children’s relationships at home (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), and school (β = 0.07, p < 0.001) emerged as important protective factors for children’s well-being for both types of violence, suggesting that supportive family and school relationships may be more important to the subjective well-being of children who experienced violence than material wellbeing, violence severity, and individual child factors.
Conclusions
Providing positive social interaction and emotional security in contextually and culturally appropriate ways within children’s proximal systems should be prioritized while challenging norms that support violence in Namibian families and schools.
Keywords: Children; Family violence; Bullying; Subjective well-being; Namibia

This article presents an analysis of the lived experiences of youth mental health practitioners taking part in Transcultural Interinstitutional and Interdisciplinary Case Discussion Seminars (TIICDS), an intercultural training initiative developed in Montréal (Québec, Canada), while considering the current context of increasing social polarizations. Using insights from the community of practice (CoP) framework and drawing on the analysis of 21 seminar sessions and 26 semi-structured individual interviews, this article examines the relation between the local sociopolitical context, the participants’ verbalization about their identities, and the affect and cognition evoked by the training. Results indicate that TIICDSs present several features of a CoP and that intercultural training needs to build on both theoretical and experiential knowledge, while considering local contextual elements. These include historical and contemporary social representations and power differentials between groups, the cultural identities of trainees, and the institutions and sociopolitical structures in which clinical practices take place. These elements, we argue, are sensitive and potentially conflictual but can be addressed through supportive and reflexive group-based initiatives such as CoPs that bring together practitioners on a regular basis and provide them with a ‘culturally safe enough’ space in which they can learn to complexify their understanding of clinical situations.

Background

This article reports the results of a rapid scoping review of the literature on COVID-19 transmission risk to workers in essential sectors such as retail, health care, manufacturing, and agriculture, and more particularly the experiences of workers in precarious employment and social situations.

Methods

Following scoping review methods, we included 30 studies that varied in terms of methodology and theoretical approaches. The search included peer-reviewed articles and grey literature published between March and September 2020.

Results

Based on the studies reviewed, we found that COVID-19 infection and death rates increased not only with age and comorbidities, but also with discrimination and structural inequities based on racism and sexism. Racial and ethnic minority workers, including migrant workers, are concentrated in high-risk occupations and this concentration is correlated to lower socioeconomic conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic appears in the occupational health and safety spotlight as an exacerbator of already existing socioeconomic inequalities and social inequalities in health, especially in light of the intersection of issues related to racism, ethnic minority status, and sexism.

Conclusions

This review provides early evidence about the limitations of institutions’ responses to the pandemic, and their capacity to provide a safe and decent working environment for all workers, regardless of their employment status or the social protections they may enjoy under normal circumstances. It is also important to think about these issues in the postpandemic context, when conditions of precariousness and vulnerability persist and possibly worsen.

On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork carried out among youths living in Montreal(Canada) who are interested in Islam and adopt some elements of a Muslim lifestyle, I show how affinities with Islam arise from sociability practices with friends of Muslim background and relate to the cultural diversification of secular societies. By combining network analysis with narrative analysis, I examine how youths interpret and make sense of these interactions and propose a critical view of their cosmopolitan discourses. While the latter is grounded in a universalist rhetoric, I argue it also unfolds within the intimacy of sociability experiences and share demotions. Youth’s cosmopolitanism draws on cultural repertoires that stem from public education programs and local strategies to promote peaceable cohabitation in secular contexts. Consequently, youth competencies for cosmopolitanism lead to on going conversations that make differences and divergences within sociability spaces new sites to negotiate intercultural encounters in highly diversified localities.

In the past decade there has been an increase in focus on the concept of deservingness and how it plays out in debates around health care for migrant populations with precarious legal status. This study uses latent class analysis to identify subtypes of attitudes regarding asylum seeker access to health care and endorsement of support for asylum seeker access to care among 4066 employees of health care institutions in Montreal and Toronto, Canada. Authors identified four classes of attitudes towards asylum seeker access to care named ‘Favorable,’ ‘Opposed,’ ‘Ambivalent/Reactive,’ and ‘Unconcerned/Status quo’. The odds of endorsing access to health care depended on the individual’s class membership of asylum seeker attitude. Although there are segments of the population that overwhelmingly endorse, or reject, asylum seeker access to care, there are important variants in opinions and beliefs. Interventions are needed to engage professionals more ambivalent or opposed to asylum seeker access to care.

La Direction régionale de santé publique (DRSP) de Montréal a effectué une consultation des acteurs terrain à l’initiative du milieu communautaire afin de mieux documenter, légitimer et améliorer la réponse communautaire à la COVID-19 pour les personnes immigrantes et racisées. Cet exercice a été réalisé en collaboration avec le Centre de recherche et de partage des savoirs InterActions et l’Institut universitaire SHERPA : 397 réponses à un questionnaire en ligne pour les acteurs terrain ont été recueillies. Nous avons également mené des entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de huit experts issus du milieu de l’humanitaire afin de compléter et valoriser les initiatives locales montréalaises existantes, mais aussi de proposer des pistes d’action pour mieux appréhender la seconde vague. Finalement, nous avons validé les résultats avec presque 100 acteurs concernés (ex. groupes communautaires, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux [CIUSSS], bailleurs de fond) lors des deux séances délibératives.

Nous proposons une réflexion analytique basée sur les résultats de deux recherches qualitatives antérieures réalisées au Québec (Canada) portant sur des personnes descendantes de migrants. Dans le cadre d’interventions en contexte d’interculturalité, on doit rester à l’écoute parfois d’un silence des personnes racisées. Que signifie ce silence ? Nous montrons ici que le silence de ces personnes face à des micro-agressions récurrentes est une forme de résistance à l’exclusion qui conduit à la fois à renforcer des liens d’appartenance et à fragiliser un lien social global, cela dans un contexte macrosocial inscrit dans un processus sociohistorique. Dans cette perspective, il s’agira d’articuler les plans subjectif et social en faisant usage d’une approche théorique interdisciplinaire ainsi que d’une épistémologie et d’une méthodologie spécifique.

Le programme de Services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE) offre une intervention précoce et intensive qui cible les facteurs de risque et promeut les facteurs de protection chez les enfants d’âge préscolaire et leurs familles. À ce jour, aucune étude n’a évalué la pertinence des critères d’admissibilité au programme pour la clientèle immigrante. La présente étude explore donc la capacité des critères d’admissibilité à identifier les mères réfugiées ou immigrantes vulnérables du point de vue d’intervenantes SIPPE. Les intervenantes identifient certains problèmes soulevés dans le cadre du processus décisionnel actuel. Des recommandations sont émises pour favoriser un processus décisionnel qui tienne compte des besoins spécifiques de la clientèle desservie.

Hairstyles have always been important to Black Africans and their descendants and are important in expressing identity. The transatlantic slave trade made it difficult to maintain these hairstyles, mostly due to separation from familial and other ties. Since Black phenotypes were viewed as inferior, Black hair and styles were seen as ugly and unacceptable. The American Civil Rights Movement (ACRM) ushered in a resurgence in ‘natural’ hairstyles, supporting a collective identity and a counterhegemonic movement. However, the success of this movement did not propel Black hairstyles on to the same plane as those that maintained the imperial aesthetic of the white ideal. The constant diminution of the Black identity through the disparagement of Black hairstyles has been used as a synonym for racism and can lead to psychological distress and mental instability. Although Black people have resided in Canada and Quebec since the 17th century, there is very little in Canadian academic literature addressing these issues. This theoretical paper presents a discourse on the importance of hair to the identity of Black people and will add to the limited literature by providing Canadian and Québécois institutions with a greater appreciation of the prominence of Black hair and hairstyles to the identity and well-being of Black people.

Vaccination is a common painful procedure for children. Parents’ concern regarding vaccination pain is a significant driver of vaccine hesitancy. Despite the wealth of evidence-based practices available for managing vaccination pain, parents lack knowledge of, and access to, these strategies. Knowledge translation (KT) tools can communicate evidence-based information to parents, however little is known about what factors influence parents’ use of these tools. A two-page, electronic KT tool on psychological, physical, and pharmacological vaccination pain management strategies for children, was shared with parents as part of a larger mixed methods study, using explanatory sequential design, exploring factors related to uptake of this KT tool. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand what influenced parents’ perceptions of the relevance of the KT tool, as well as their decision as to whether to use the tool.

C’est avec une petite larme au coin de l’oeil que METISS (Migration et Ethnicité dans les Interventions en Santé et en Services sociaux) vous fait ses adieux. Eh oui! Après 28 ans de recherche et de partenariat, l’équipe ferme boutique.

Pour clore cette époque en beauté, nous vous présentons avec beaucoup de fierté une toute dernière publication, les toutes dernières « Entre-vues », qui retracent trois décennies de recherche, d’innovation et de collaboration autour de la thématique de la diversité dans les services sociaux et de santé. Des fondements sur lesquels on peut s’appuyer pour nous propulser vers l’avenir, mais un document à consulter avec un brin de nostalgie tout de même.

Le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Ouest-de-l’île-de-Montréal (CCOMTL) salue l’initiative du Secrétariat aux aînés (SA) du ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) de réitérer l’importance de la lutte contre la maltraitance envers les personnes aînées et est fier de contribuer à cette consultation dans le cadre des travaux d’élaboration du prochain plan d’action 2022- 2027. Le Centre de santé et de services sociaux Cavendish – Centre affilié universitaire, maintenant intégré au CCOMTL depuis 2015, a contribué à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre de plusieurs mesures phares des plans d’action précédents. Ces initiatives témoignent de l’engagement continu du gouvernement du Québec, du ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux (MSSS) et de son Secrétariat aux ainés à répondre aux préoccupations de la population en continuant à lutter contre la maltraitance et à favoriser la bientraitance envers les personnes aînées dans tous les milieux.
Dans cette continuité, et en vertu de la mission universitaire du CCOMTL en gérontologie sociale, nous avons à cœur d’unir l’expertise et les savoirs issus de la recherche à ceux de la pratique afin d’alimenter la réflexion sur les futures actions du gouvernement. Le modèle unique de collaboration entre nos équipes cliniques, nos centres de recherche et d’expertise et nos partenaires communautaires nous permet d’être à l’affut des besoins des personnes aînées, de développer des connaissances et des pratiques fondées sur les données scientifiques et les meilleures pratiques afin de répondre à ces besoins. Le présent mémoire réunit ainsi la perspective de chercheurs et praticiens-chercheurs du Centre de recherche et d’expertise en gérontologie sociale (CREGÉS) et d’intervenants de la Ligne Aide Abus Aînés (LAAA). Nous avons aussi invité des chercheurs de notre Institut universitaire au regard des communautés ethnoculturelles (IU-SHERPA) à contribuer en vertu de leur expertise en lien avec les personnes aînées issues de l’immigration. Pour la rédaction de ce mémoire, nous avons adopté une conceptualisation large de la maltraitance permettant de faire ressortir les diverses réalités sociales qui sont couramment négligées ou tout simplement ignorées dans le discours public et qui reflète bien les perspectives complémentaires des instances participantes que nous présentons brièvement ci-dessous.

The question of how workers’ compensation systems should account for language barriers is of increasing importance given Canada’s growing linguistic diversity. This study is the first to empirically examine, based on interviews with injured workers and key informants, return-to-work policies and practices through the lens of language barriers. By comparing two jurisdictions, Quebec and Ontario, the study highlights similarities and differences in language accommodation and return-to-work policies and practices that shape the experiences of injured workers with language needs. It argues that gaps in this regard, which are more pronounced in Quebec, contribute to poor return-to-work outcomes for these workers in both provinces.

Objectives
According to the World Health Organization, discrepancies in health statistics reflect unequal access to resources. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada calls for an increase in the number of Indigenous workers within health and social services. The involvement of local community workers is essential to ensure the cultural security of care and the decolonization of services. This article presents the role played by these workers in the expansion of mental health services and social interventions in Nunavik, the contextual considerations that influence their practice and their place within professional teams.

Methods
A thematic analysis was conducted on semi-structured interviews done in 2016 with 60 Inuit and non-Inuit individuals working in the broad field of health and social services in Nunavik.

Results
The integration of local community workers is perceived to bring several benefits, including the improvement of interventions and unique learning opportunities. However, several factors hinder this collaboration, such as clarity of mandates, access to pre-requisite training and diplomas, recognition of local knowledge, and staff turnover. More flexibility and support after hiring would allow for the service structure to be adapted to the complex reality of Nunavik.

Conclusion
This article adds to the body of literature highlighting the importance of collaboration with local community workers. The decolonization of services necessarily involves redesigning structures in order to recognize their contribution and to give a place to local knowledge.

This article introduces a thematic issue of Transcultural Psychiatry that presents recent work that deepens our understanding of the refugee experience—from the forces of displacement, through the trajectory of migration, to the challenges of resettlement. Mental health research on refugees and asylum seekers has burgeoned over the past two decades with epidemiological studies, accounts of the lived experience, new conceptual frameworks, and advances in understanding of effective treatment and intervention. However, there are substantial gaps in available research, and important ethical and methodological challenges. These include: the need to adopt decolonizing, participatory methods that amplify refugee voices; the further development of frameworks for studying the broad impacts of forced migration that go beyond posttraumatic stress disorder; and more translational research informed by longitudinal studies of the course of refugee adaptation. Keeping a human rights advocacy perspective front and center will allow researchers to work in collaborative ways with both refugee communities and receiving societies to develop innovative mental health policy and practice to meet the urgent need for a global response to the challenge of forced migration, which is likely to grow dramatically in the coming years as a result of the impacts of climate change.

This paper addresses the well-being of children in Switzerland, Canada and Estonia, as they experienced the lockdown imposed by governments after the state of international public health emergency, declared by the World Health Organization on 30 January 2020. Suspension of school or starting with distance learning, cessation of extracurricular activities, closure of playgrounds, parks, shopping centres and loss of daily contacts with friends completely transformed children’s lives. The surveys conducted by the authors in individual ways, were all inspired by their membership to the Children’s Understandings of Well-Being network and involved the participation of 403 children aged 7–17 years old (229 girls and 174 boys). They present the emerging trends from the children’s narratives focusing on their experience of the lockdown in relation to family life, school life, contacts with friends, and in relation to space, time and self. During the lockdown leisure activities and hobbies, followed by life with friends and school life challenged relational well-being the most, while family life opened up new perspectives and generational solidarity. Staying at home and decreased physical activity impacted on the physical health of children, missing direct contacts with friends and teachers put social relations to test, fear of the virus decreased feeling safe and secure, and the lockdown restricted participation in society. The findings underline the relational nature of their well-being. More in-depth studies are needed to highlight the widening of inequalities and the balance between protection and participation of children.

La modernisation du régime de santé et sécurité du travail représente un besoin vital dans un contexte d’expansion du travail atypique, de l’accentuation des conditions de travail précaires et de l’émergence de l’économie de plateforme. Une modernisation inclusive et exhaustive de
la réglementation entourant les conditions du travail et le régime de sécurité et santé du travail est nécessaire. Cela permettra d’éviter la prolifération de zones grises du travail et l’accroissement d’un vide juridique, et par conséquent, d’empêcher la réduction de la protection des travailleurs et travailleuses les plus vulnérables, dont les immigrants, les réfugiés et les personnes sans statut représentent une partie significative. Personne ne doit être exclu d’une telle démarche. La pandémie nous démontre que le travail précaire des travailleurs et travailleuses (im)migrants les expose à des risques potentiellement fatals de santé et sécurité au travail (Côté, Dubé & Frozzini, 2020, 2021; Tremblay, 2020). Dans cet avis sur les changements proposés par le Projet de loi 59, nous abordons deux grandes catégories de lacunes dans le Projet de loi:

(1) La protection de travailleurs et travailleuses atypique (secteurs du travail
domestique, des agences de placement, de l’économie à la demande et du
télétravail); et

(2) L’accessibilité des mesures de prévention et d’indemnisation en matière de santé et sécurité du travail pour les travailleurs et travailleuses (im)migrants.

The perception of epidemic risk has been associated with the production of narratives in which figures such as villains and heroes emerge. This article critically analyzes social media users’ construction of heroic figures during the 2013–2016 Ebola epidemic. We used international Twitter and Facebook comments as our raw material, collected by key word extraction. A thematic analysis resulted in a descriptive typology of three heroic figures: the martyr, the warrior, and the saviour. Our analysis showed that heroic status (highly associated with willingness to take high risks on behalf of others) was mostly conferred on common individuals and ‘insiders’ living in the Ebola-afflicted communities – often deemed ‘unsung’ – rather than the foreigners frequently heroised in previous crises. We deconstruct this heroisation dynamic, showing that it is a socially strategic move because it is embedded in a potential instrumentalization of heroes. First, this production of ‘everyday heroes’ may encourage the involvement of lay people in the epidemic response, by conveying that anyone can become a health hero. Second, we show that this heroisation process maintains the status quo by encouraging adherence to biomedical discourses, and by individualising the narrative and neglecting the structural changes needed to address the epidemic. Finally, we caution against discourses that seem socially ‘progressive’ but may be used as a smokescreen to hide discriminatory dynamics, and we recommend changes in communication strategies.

Si la race n’existe pas, le racisme existe et il faut donc s’en préoccuper si on veut développer des sociétés plus interculturelles et plus inclusives. Les textes de cet ouvrage offrent divers ancrages nationaux et disciplinaires et dressent le paysage du racisme contemporain en interpellant les chercheurs et praticiens de l’interculturel. Aborder le-les racisme-s dans une perspective interculturelle comporte de nombreux défis, voire des paradoxes. La première partie de l’ouvrage s’intéresse aux dimensions épistémologiques, conceptuelles et éthiques sur ces racismes d’aujourd’hui alors que la seconde en cerne les effets psychosociaux au travers de plusieurs secteurs : la langue, l’emploi, l’éducation.

Les baby-boomers ont-ils jeté le religieux avec l’eau bénite ? Sont-ils vraiment athées ? Comment donnent-ils un sens aux grands événements du cycle de la vie ? Que cache l’invisibilité ou même le tabou du religieux au Québec après le déclin du catholicisme ? Bref : que reste-t-il de l’héritage du catholicisme auprès de la génération issue du baby-boom ?

À partir de récits de vie recueillis auprès d’une centaine de Québécois nés catholiques dans les années 1950, les auteurs explorent la recherche de sens des expériences individuelles et collectives. En dépit de l’invisibilité du religieux sur la place publique, la plupart des personnes rencontrées affichent des croyances et des pratiques qui leur sont propres. Si ces dernières empruntent à divers registres religieux inspirés de la diversité culturelle, la mémoire et l’éducation catholiques restent présentes dans les récits comme dans les pratiques, parfois teintée du vocable de la spiritualité. Ce livre brosse un portrait de la modernité québécoise et de la sécularisation de la société en montrant notamment les débats identitaires qui animent l’imaginaire collectif et qui façonnent les consciences individuelles. Surtout, il vient combler un vide dans les écrits sur les comportements religieux au Québec.

This issue reveals that the implementation of inclusive education is an unfinished challenge, both within the system and for individual self-improvement. This process of changing practices, by continually questioning the school’s responsibility for the (re)production of inequalities, exclusion and unequal social relations, is riddled with obstacles, unpredictable situations and strong emotions. In particular, the researchers point out that many
systemic mechanisms of school culture contribute to replicating and reifying hierarchical school experiences and exacerbating processes of institutional discrimination against immigrant background and/or racialized students. The empirical research presented also highlights the deficit thinking of school staff toward immigrant students and their parents. The results show that staff tend to use linguistic and cultural gaps between students and the school system to explain academic failure. Be that as it may, the researchers as well as the school actors and students interviewed in this issue suggest fertile ways to improve inclusion in the school context, stressing the importance of giving voice to the various actors in order to move toward institutional transformation.

This paper presents the results of a research project into the intercultural climate in schools and on the academic success of immigrant students in Québec. The intercultural climate in eight secondary public schools is documented from the standpoint of various school and community stakeholders, students, and parents. More specifically, the paper focuses on the commitment to promoting cultural equity, which is identified through interviews with the targeted stakeholders on exclusionary practices and processes and the practices implemented to counter them. The results identify five areas of vulnerability among certain minoritized groups of students: the transition from welcoming to regular classes for those students learning French, evaluation and support for those experiencing learning or behavioral difficulties, the referral of these students to adult education programs or work-oriented training programs, their participation in extracurricular activities and their access to special school projects. Nonetheless some schools do report the introduction of many equity practices in response to the exclusionary ones. However, these initiatives are mostly occasional, voluntary, and pertain to interactions between individuals. These findings call for a discussion on the importance of systemic and concerted initiatives towards achieving equity.

Minorities and marginalized groups have increasingly become the target of discriminatory actions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Detailed information about the manifestation of COVID-related discrimination is required to develop preventive actions that are not stigmatizing for such groups. The present study investigates experiences of perceived discrimination related to COVID-19 and its socio-cultural correlates in a culturally diverse sample of adults in Quebec (Canada). An online survey was completed by 3273 Quebec residents (49 % 18−39 years old; 57 % female; 49 % White). We used multivariate binomial logistic regression models to assess prevalence of COVID-related discrimination and to investigate socio-cultural correlates of reasons and contexts of discrimination. COVID-related discrimination was reported by 16.58 % of participants. Non-white participants, health-care workers and younger participants were more likely to experience discrimination than White, unemployed and older participants, respectively. Discrimination was reported primarily in association with participants’ ethno-cultural group, age, occupation and physical health and in the context of public spaces. Participants of East-Asian descent and essential workers were more likely to report discrimination because of their ethnicity and occupation, respectively. Although young people experienced discrimination across more contexts, older participants were primarily discriminated in the context of grocery stores and because of their age. Our findings indicate that health communication actions informed by a social pedagogy approach should target public beliefs related to the association of COVID-19 with ethnicity, age and occupation, to minimize pandemic-related discrimination. Visible minorities, health-care workers and seniors should be protected and supported, especially in public spaces.

This survey reflects the experiences of 2124learners in Grades 4 and 6 across Khomas region (Namibia). It provides evidence of how children feel about their homes, schools,neighbourhoods, friends, and families. This initiative is part of a larger project that spans over 40 countries and includes more than 126, 000 children!

The ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ hypothesis suggests that a healthy trajectory of growth and development in pregnancy and early childhood is necessary for optimal health, development and lifetime well-being. The purpose of this paper is to present the protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating a preconception-early childhood telephone-based intervention with tailored e-health resources for women and their partners to optimise growth and development among children in Canada: a Healthy Life Trajectory Initiative (HeLTI Canada). The primary objective of HeLTI Canada is to determine whether a 4-phase ‘preconception to early childhood’ lifecourse intervention can reduce the rate of child overweight and obesity. Secondary objectives include improved child: (1) growth trajectories; (2) cardiometabolic risk factors; (3) health behaviours, including nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep; and (4) development and school readiness at age 5 years.

La télésanté connait un essor fulgurant en ce contexte de pandémie. Or, en cette période d’insécurité mondiale, la santé préventive reprend ses droits. En période de déconfinement, la discipline et la cohésion sociale peuvent se relâcher. Cette enquête sociale vise à décrire un programme d’intervention à distance, réalisé en partenariat avec des locataires de logement communautaire, des infirmières et des étudiantes pour soutenir la littératie en santé au temps de la COVID-19. Le Programme de déconfinement en toute sécurité vise à renforcer les mesures préventives et de soutien avec des groupes en contexte de vulnérabilités économiques et sociales à l’aide de la télésanté. Les infirmières ont développé des pratiques cliniques et psychosociales et renforcé la littératie en santé, soutenant les mesures de santé publique post-COVID-19, surveillant l’éclosion de nouveaux foyers et apaisant les souffrances issues du confinement. À l’aide de cibles de performance des systèmes de santé et d’une perspective de justice sociale, nous avons documenté les défis, les leviers et les menaces à l’usage des pratiques à distance en prévention. Vecteur d’une approche intégrée, la télésanté préventive peut cibler simultanément, la lutte contre les maladies non transmissibles et transmissibles et les inégalités. La pandémie de COVID-19 renvoie à un nouvel équilibre des enjeux qui exige un accompagnement et des pratiques de santé communautaire engagées et critiques.

This brief report explored trends of cigarette smoking among Syrian newcomers in the first two years of resettlement in Canada. 1794 adult Syrian refugees were surveyed about their physical and mental health, and smoking behaviours. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and logistic regressions. Almost 27% of the sample reported cigarette smoking (50% light smokers and 50% moderate/heavy smokers). Light smokers increased and moderate/heavy smokers decreased in the number of cigarettes smoked from year 1 to year 2. Moderate/heavy smokers were more likely to be male and reported higher post-traumatic stress scores, while light smokers reported higher depression scores. Only 14.3% of smokers recalled receiving advice from health care providers in Canada regarding their smoking habits. Healthcare providers should provide tailored advice to everyone who is an active smoker with a specific emphasis on those who have concurrent health issues.

The combined forces of economic globalization and international migration have resulted in specific challenges to palliative care systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has and is still greatly affecting elder populations as well as those across the age continuum living with long-standing chronic conditions or with pre-existing diverse unmet needs. While health promotion and palliative care may appear to be conceptually opposing fields, we argue that palliative care can and should fit under the umbrella of the health promotion continuum. This commentary seeks to discuss the importance of linguistic literacy and communication imperatives in the context of access to palliative care, given the broad, diversified and sensitive scope of care. While the pandemic has demonstrated that the public health responses of migrant host societies are deeply intertwined with policies as well as local rules and constraints, the promotion and provision of safe, timely and appropriate palliative care can be achieved through a sensitive assessment of differential contexts of diversity. The pandemic has painfully illustrated the need for a strong, respectful and equitable working partnership within the professions as well as with the civic society in order for the palliative needs of those exposed to a sustained risk not to be forgotten.

Objective:
This article aims at filling some gaps in the literature regarding conditions conducive to high-quality collaborative care in youth mental health (YMH) for migrant families. It focuses on the factors that are susceptible to foster the engagement of migrant families in the services, by examining the clinical encounter, as well as sociopolitical and institutional dimensions.

Methods:
Using a multiphase mixed methods design, it sequentially follows qualitative and quantitative results regarding migrant families within the different projects of a research program on collaborative care in YMH in culturally and socioeconomically diverse neighborhoods, done in Montreal during the last decade. These results come from data collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, participatory observation and documentation, with research participants being children, adolescents and parents from migrant families, clinicians and managers.

Results:
The results suggest that the sociopolitical and macro institutional system finds its way into the clinical space by influencing the process of care. In particular, successive reforms of the health system challenge institutions and YMH teams in their capacity to create a favourable environment for continuity of care and interinstitutional partnership and interprofessional collaboration, factors associated with families’ engagement into care. This engagement is also dependent on the representations of mental health and services that migrant families hold. These representations are shaped by their experience of the services, but also by what their sociocultural environment and the public discourses allow them to imagine of these services. This calls for the integration of cultural and sociopolitical dimensions within the concept of engagement. Finally, results also suggest that schools are playing an important role to foster engagement in mental health care.

Conclusion:
The quality of mental health care for migrant children and adolescent relies on the engagement of families, as well as on the mutual engagement of clinicians and of their institutions. Political contexts where tensions between majority and minority groups are present can also act as barriers to the care. Given that migrant families are engaging less in the services compared to non-migrant families, these considerations call for an important review of avenues to facilitate engagement of migrant families into collaborative care YMH services. This article suggests certain avenues to promote this engagement.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to provide stakeholders working in the mental health sector with practical strategies to foster collaboration with public service interpreters.

Methodology:
A critical reading of the literature (narrative review) was carried out with the objective of offering a new perspective on the already existing object of study. Because it offers a critical synthesis of key information in the field, this method is particularly well suited to the needs of the reader who is not up to date with advances in the field.

Results:
This critical reading first made it possible to identify two general challenges concerning mental health practitioners called upon to collaborate with public service interpreters: the recognition of the interpreter’s role and the acknowledgement of the diversity of communicative situations likely to foster their collaboration. This paper presents seven interprofessional collaboration strategies that mental health practitioners can apply to meet these challenges: 1) using vocabulary drawn from the public service interpreter Positioning and Postures Typologies; 2) obtaining information to be transmitted in the interpreting assignment; 3) allocating time for briefings and 4) for debriefings; 5) encouraging the interpreter’s presentation; 6) framing small and big talk; and 7) promoting the continuity of care.

Discussion:
The present study offers a new perspective on some of the distinctive tensions in the PSI domain. The 7 proposed collaboration strategies are a response to these and aim to improve the quality of intercultural communication and services offered to users by promoting knowledge transfer. They are specifically addressed to knowledge users, take their practices into account and are explained using non-specific terms.

The need for the services of a healthcare interpreter to treat allophone patients is, today, indisputable. The scientific literature demonstrates such a need in all medical specialties. In mental health, the situation is particularly sensitive when a psychological assessment requires the services of an interpreter.

Objectives:
To explore the best practices highlighted in the previous literature for working with an interpreter in mental health and apply them to the specific context of psychological assessments.

Methods:
A synthesis of key research recommendations for communicating through an interpreter was conducted.

Results :
A compilation of best practices for ensuring quality psychological assessment when working in partnership with an interpreter is provided, focusing on key issues to consider when assessing linguistically and culturally diverse patients. This compilation is organized in 3 stages: before, during and after the consultation. For example, the need to prepare for the consultation with the interpreter (briefing), the impossibility of requesting “word-for-word” interpreting (except in very special cases), and the need for a debriefing with the interpreter to complete the assessment.

Discussion:
Mental health professionals can optimize their collaboration with interpreters in psychological assessment by applying this three-step model, which will improve cross-cultural communication.

The objectives of this paper are to explore the impact of psychological trauma and migration on a mother’s ambivalence regarding her relationship with her child and to explore the effect on the child’s “continuity of being.”

Objective:
The central objective of this paper is to explore the dynamic interactions between 5 sets of variables, which are Sociodemographic Characteristics,
Satisfaction with Life, Perceived Discrimination, Religiosity and Emotional Distress within Montreal’s Tariqa Qadiriya Boudchichiya, a Muslim Sufi way whose origins are Moroccan and date back to the 18th century.
Method:
As a method, we considered psychological distress as the dependent
variable and performed univariate descriptive statistical analyzes, bivariate correlation analyzes (Pearson correlation), one-way ANOVA analyzes, and multivariate analyzes (linear regressions).
Results:
Our results, although preliminary due to a relatively small sample (n = 56),
allow us to put forward a new hypothesis suggesting that the intense spiritual
practice that characterizes the Tariqa, would allow “a work of the self on self”
through a set of “techniques of the self” (Foucault) that contribute to a certain
emotional well-being, if not to mental health.
Conclusion:
Our conclusion underlines the importance of investigating more in
depth the possible contribution of religiosity to the subject’s capacity to act on
oneself in order to emerge as a spiritual, ethical and political subject.

Background
Recent advances in immunology, genomics, and cellular therapy have opened numerous therapeutic possibilities in pediatric hematology-oncology, generating new hope in poor prognosis situations. How decisions are made when it comes to treatments and aims needs to be explored in this new technological context. In particular, their impact on the gold standard of early referral to palliative care must be assessed.
Materials and methods
Stemming from an ethnographic study combining semistructured interviews and observations carried out in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit in a Montréal Pediatric Hospital, we discuss the decision-making process when a patient faces poor prognosis.
Results and discussion
Although health care providers individually envisioned that palliative care may be the best course of action for patients receiving emergent therapy, they remained collectively in the curative mode. The intricate relationship between science, hope, caregiver, and care receiver sustains this perspective even when (near) death is the probable outcome. When proven treatment fails, emerging therapeutic possibilities offer new hope that can delay the referral to the palliative care team.

Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under 18 who arrive on the territory  of a foreign country without the care of a guardian. In many countries their access to social and health care services depends on their legal recognition as minors. For instance, in France, high rejection rates of minor status place unprotected UMs in social precarity, such that in Paris, civil society organizations (CSOs) have stepped in to offer social, medical, and psychological care to unprotected UMs. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic however, CSOs had to adapt their care provision.

We review promising CSO-led initiatives to ensure continuity of care for this population. In doing so, we highlight how, by promoting UMs’ healthy behaviors in the context of the pandemic, continued social interactions between CSO members and unprotected UMs may have contributed to disease prevention among UMs. In addition, CSOs have continued to advocate for sheltering unprotected UMs, calling on public authorities to take action.

This article presents a synthesis of literature on social intervention in the context of bereavement and the pandemic in Québec. Based on this literature, we note the way in which this knowledge could be mobilized in order to develop and implement innovative intervention tools and practices, particularly in the Greater Montreal Area. Among these emerging practices, we showcase a recently implemented project designed to establish a virtual practice community — a practical guide for stakeholders and intervention tools adapted to the situation in Montreal and Québec.

There has been much talk about decolonizing global health lately. The movement, which has arisen in various communities around the world, suggests an interesting critique of the Western dominant model of representations. Building upon the ‘decolonial thinking’ movement from the perspective of Francophone African philosophers, we comment on its potential for inspiring the field of global healthinterventions. Using existing literature and personal reflections, we reflect on two widely known illustrations of global health interventions implemented in sub-Saharan Africa – distribution of contraceptives and dissemination of Ebola virus prevention and treatment devices – featuring different temporal backdrops. We show how these solutions have most often targeted the superficial dimensions of global health problems, sidestepping the structures and mental models that shape the actions and reactions of African populations. Lastly, we question the ways through which the decolonial approach might indeed offer a credible positioning for rethinking global health interventions.

In January 2010, Haiti was hit by a terrible earthquake that pushed thousands of people to migrate. Many of them chose to settle in Quebec, Canada. Years after the earthquake, many Haitians continue to migrate to the Quebec province. Several studies however have shown that this population’s socioeconomic status is lower than the provincial average. Given the potential multiple stressors that affect Haitian migrants in Quebec, there are concerns about their health status.

Located at the intersection of international migration studies and global health, this paper offers an in-depth qualitative investigation of Haitian migrants’ representations of both their situation and self-perceived health in Montreal, Quebec. Our perspective on migrant health was inspired by the World Health Organisation’s framework on the social determinants of health and recent studies in the field of migrant health. We collected and analysed qualitative data from 23 key informants (i.e., 12 women and 11 men, aged 21-76 years old) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The analysis of the data from these people’s narratives revealed the importance of structural determinants such as social position, and intermediate determinants such as living and working conditions. Our analysis also highlighted several interrelations between those determinants. Specifically, participants reported coping with issues related to migrant status, income, occupation, language, and racism, and challenging living and working conditions, and stress. This study underscored the importance of social support brought by relatives, friends, as well as community-based organisations and religious practices.

Our findings were coherent with available literature looking at the determinants of health of racialized and migrant minorities in other high-income regions of the world. Our conclusive remarks featured reflections on three cross-cutting issues and their practical implications for policy and practices.

Introduction: One in five pregnancies does not make it to term in Canada and this type of loss is a painful experience for most parents. Research that has focused on the experiences of these bereaved families describes interventions that should be favored, but generalizes them to all
populations affected by this phenomenon. As a result, their needs are unknown and support and care interventions for them are not well developed and personalized.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe, throughout their care path, the experience of immigrant parents who have gone through a perinatal death. The second objective is to describe their needs.

Method: A descriptive and qualitative research using semi-structured interviews was conducted with 18 immigrant parents who had experienced a perinatal death in the last 5 years and who were living in 3 different regions of Quebec (Canada).

Results: The experience of immigrant parents with perinatal death reveals 3 themes: a lack of knowledge of the health care system, the importance of
personalized care and isolation that is affected by their migrant experience.

Discussion and conclusion: The experience of having suffered a perinatal death involves specific characteristics unique to the immigrant community. The parents from this community experience greater challenges considering the immigration context. Simple clinical recommendations could recognize
their particular life experience as an immigrant parent. It is essential to adapt the treatments offered to them accordingly

In our contemporary societies where people are confronted by the requirements of performance and adaptability, and where, moreover, the democratic ideal persists, how people being the subject of racism in the workplace deal with such issues? What power of speech is giving to them and how is it being given? The organizations must show fairness toward their employees, thus supporting a democratic ideal where each worker would have the same rights and liberties. Nevertheless, relations of domination and oppression persist. Concurrently, in those organizations the subject confronts the implicit injunction to be efficient, to be autonomous and to be productive. The subject becomes responsible for his integration into the collective and he has to carry the responsibility to live “well” in the workplace. Our article will question the self-censorship of people being subjects of racism and who are not able to tell it at the risk of, seemingly being unproductive. Through a specific research methodology, we also reveal a clinic of interculturality as an approach of intercultural intervention.

In this article, we feature photographs and cellphilms produced by 13 girls and  young women (aged 13 to 19) from urban, rural, and Indigenous areas of   Quebec, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. Framed within girls’ studies, we present girls’ and young women’s creations and co-analysis about wellbeing during a period of lockdown. We explore how girls and young women restructured their routines at home as well as negotiated motivation and the pressure to be productive. We note that girls had more time than usual for creative activities and self-discovery and that they engaged with the politics of the pandemic and advocated for collective forms of wellbeing. Importantly, girls reported that participating in this research improved their wellbeing during this lockdown.

Background

Relocation and resettlement are often accompanied by physical, mental, and social challenges for migrant youth. Community-based programs have the potential to benefit their wellbeing and resettlement. However, there is limited research on the mechanisms by which these interventions work from the perspective of youth, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. By including youth’s lived experiences, community-based programs may gain a richer understanding of how to best deliver their programs and contribute to the wellbeing of migrant youth during the pandemic.

Objectives

This study aimed to:
1) Describe migrant youth’s experiences participating in Say Ça!, a community-based welcome program in Montreal, during the pandemic; and
2) Explore the underlying processes that contribute to migrant youth’s wellbeing and resettlement from the perspectives of service users, and how these have been affected by the pandemic.
Methods.

Six youth from Say Ça! participated in a photo novella project to reflect on their experiences in the program during COVID-19 and how these contributed to their wellbeing. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted to document the meaning behind the journal entries and accompanying images.

Results

Participants identified challenges and benefits on youth wellbeing of engaging in the program during the pandemic. Lessons are drawn on the underlying processes of effective community-based welcome programs and necessary changes to best respond to the needs of migrant youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Compte tenu de la conjoncture actuelle, de la montée du racisme ici et ailleurs, de la responsabilité de tous les acteurs pour lutter contre ce phénomène, cette trousse, loin d’être exhaustive, a pour seule ambition de rassembler de multiples ressources qui pourraient soutenir toutes personnes et organisations souhaitant s’inscrire dans une démarche de lutte au racisme. Son objectif est ainsi d’outiller les acteurs.rices de l’École de travail social à la lutte contre le racisme, autant dans ses manifestations interpersonnelles, institutionnelles, culturelles, que systémiques.

Access to quality drinking water is a fundamental right. Despite Canada’s wealth of fresh water, many First nations, including the Anishinaabeg, regularly face inequitable access to quality drinking water, a situation that has health, spiritual and cultural consequences. These injustices are a direct result of colonization and the unequal relationship between the Canadian government and First Nations, which has greatly contributed to restricting the traditional role of Anishinaabeg women as water protectors, despite their spiritual and identity connection to water. Nevertheless, these women have shown resilience, which is reflected in a number of initiatives to raise awareness, mobilize and advocate for water protection. In this article, we seek to show that an ecological and sanitary issue, such as the availability of quality drinking water for Indigenous peoples in Canada, is part of a power struggle, past and present, with the federal government and the provinces. Our article aims more specifically at : 1) showing the importance of the lack of availability of drinking water for Indigenous nations ; 2) describing the traditional role of Anishinaabeg women as water protectors ; 3) situating the water issue in its colonial context ; and 4) exploring the various mobilizations led by Indigenous women in response to this historical and political problem.

Globally, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing extensive morbidity and mortality and is fueling psychological distress across populations. Early evidence has shown an increase in anxiety, depression and sleep problems in the general population.1
,2
Although pandemics shatter the functioning of communities and families globally, there is a paucity of studies targeting the effects of pandemics on youth mental health.
As mental health professionals, our fields have become aware of how the COVID-19 outbreak represents an extraordinarily stressful experience for youths, including how necessary public health measures may also threaten personal and collective meaning-making, and disrupt family dynamics and youths’ usual social environment. Because of the COVID-19−related school closures and social distancing measures, millions of children have been confined at home. Although families, communities, and schools have attempted to adapt, at times successfully, many children and youth have been deprived of structured support, trapped in dysfunctional family settings, and are relying largely on peer relations through the unsupervised use of social media.3
In the absence of much needed evidence, clinical experience and available evidence on stress-related disorders in emergency settings is provisionally informing clinical practice and defining the role of child mental health services during a pandemic. Although it is impossible and premature to address all aspects of pediatric mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to begin conceptualizing what this pandemic has meant for our practice and where and how we can promote pediatric mental health during a global emergency that is not currently remitting.

Complicated grief remains a controversial topic. Although this concept is found in many cultures, few scientific studies address it from a transcultural perspective. This article, through the presentation of a clinical case and a literature review, describes the particularities of grief across cultures and in the context of immigration, offers a transcultural view of complicated grief and discusses limitations of international classifications to diagnose complications of grief across cultures. Culture and religion influence the mourning process, grief’s clinical manifestations and possible complications. Thus, distinction between normal and complicated mourning in an intercultural context can become complex. The concept of complicated grief is discussed by emphasizing the importance of a culturally sensitive approach to enable an appropriate clinical assessment. We highlight the central question of the meaning given to death and the symptoms experienced in times of mourning. We then discuss the relevance of a critique of the risk of medicalization of bereavement and the limits of international classifications (DSM-5 and ICD-11). We argue that future nosographies would benefit from taking into account the characteristics of complicated grief in non-Western cultures, including specific determinants such as belief systems surrounding “bad death” and cultural interpretations of dreams about the deceased.

This commentary aims to provide a glimpse into some of the early and continuing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our global and public health projects: research in low-resourced settings; research with vulnerable populations, such as asylum seekers, Indigenous communities, children, and mental health service users; and research with healthcare professionals, frontline workers, and health planners. In the early context of restrictions caused by COVID-19, this commentary highlights our research setbacks and challenges, and the ways in which we are adapting research methodologies, while considering ethical implications related to the pandemic and their impacts on conducting global and public health research. As we learn to become increasingly aware of some of our limitations in the face of the pandemic, some positives are also worth highlighting: we are mobilizing our training and research skills to participate in COVID-19 projects and to disseminate knowledge on COVID-19, including through papers such as this one. However, we do acknowledge that these opportunities have not been equitable. Each thematic section of this commentary concludes with key recommendations related to research in the early and continuing context of the COVID-19 pandemic that we believe to be applicable to early- and not-so-early-career researchers working in the global and public health fields.

• COVID-19 lockdown left parents as the sole respondents for their children’s needs.
• We examine parents’ reports on the response their child received to their needs during the lockdown.
• Parents of older children reported less fulfillment of children’s needs.
• Societies must ensure pandemics do not create context for child neglect.

Adolescence is a critical period of development, when one-in-five psychiatric disorders emerge. Anxiety, depression, and suicide are the most common. However, most children and youth in need of mental health services in Canada do not have access to them. There is limited information about education and support programs for parents of adolescents to promote their children’s mental health, particularly among ethno-cultural populations. Moreover, the quality of studies focused on these programs is variable. An
environmental scan was conducted to identify community-based programs across Canada oriented to assist the parents of adolescents in the promotion of mental health, as well as the challenges and areas for improvement of these interventions. Alongside, a scoping review of the international and Canadian literature on this topic was carried out. This Policy Brief presents the results and recommendations of both studies.

The pandemic has highlighted the complexity of public health measures and their side effects, the intricacy of the underlying health, social and political phenomena at play as well as their specificity for marginalized minority communities. Based on this experience, this commentary suggests that it would be relevant in the future to develop consultation mechanisms that take into account the entire population, including marginalized minority groups, in order to better inform decision-making processes in times of pandemic. In a context of fluid crisis, any consultation process must take into account the limits of what is possible and mourn the comprehensiveness in favour of repeated iterations of dialogue, mediation and decision-making. This means creating conditions favourable to the consideration of the most vulnerable people and groups’ voices by public authorities. In order to prepare for the next crises, it is necessary to develop strong links between public institutions and communities, both of majorities and minorities, in order to define the mechanisms favouring the emergence of truly inclusive public health, taking into account the physical, mental and social health of the population.

En France, les mineurs non accompagnés (mna) rencontrent de multiples obstacles qui peuvent avoir des effets négatifs sur leur santé mentale. Les professionnels de la santé et du social qui participent à leur prise en charge doivent développer et mettre en œuvre des approches et outils adaptés aux réalités des mna et qui leur offrent un espace d’interactions le plus ouvert possible. À partir d’une revue de littérature, nous proposons dans cet article de dresser un état des lieux de la santé mentale des mna et d’identifier les approches ainsi que les outils développés et mis en œuvre par les professionnels qui visent à favoriser la communication et l’expression des mna (notamment l’approche interculturelle, le travail en interdisciplinarité, l’art-thérapie). Nous formulons en conclusion plusieurs pistes de réflexion à l’endroit des professionnels et des pouvoirs publics qui travaillent avec ce jeune public migrant.

Les sentiments xénophobes, la discrimination et les crimes et incidents de haine sont en augmentation à travers le monde. Bien que la relation entre les attitudes et les comportements ne soit pas linéaire, les attitudes de l’ensemble de la population envers la légitimation de certaines formes de violence peuvent représenter un facteur de risque et alimenter la polarisation sociale, ce qui peut à son tour faciliter le recours à la violence au nom d’une idéologie radicale parmi les personnes vulnérables. . Ainsi, comprendre les facteurs de risque et de protection associés aux attitudes positives à l’égard de la radicalisation violente est un point de départ important pour éclairer des programmes de prévention efficaces. Cependant, peu d’études empiriques ont examiné les attitudes positives à l’égard de la radicalisation violente chez les jeunes, qui courent un risque accru de radicalisation violente. En 2015, un échantillon d’étudiants fréquentant 14 collèges au Québec (74% âgés de 16 à 21 ans, 71% de femmes) a participé à un sondage en ligne visant à enquêter sur les attitudes positives envers la radicalisation violente et le risque associé (c.-à-d. Discrimination, exposition violence, dépression, identité collective polarisée) et facteurs de protection (c.-à-d. orientation future positive, soutien social, religiosité). Deux ans plus tard, la même enquête en ligne a été menée dans six collèges, pour examiner à un niveau préliminaire l’évolution du phénomène dans le temps. Le présent article résume les résultats de ce projet de recherche avec l’objectif final d’améliorer notre compréhension de la radicalisation violente chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes, afin d’identifier des pistes potentielles de prévention et d’intervention. 71% de femmes) ont participé à une enquête en ligne visant à enquêter sur les attitudes positives à l’égard de la radicalisation violente et le risque associé (c.-à-d. Discrimination, exposition à la violence, à la dépression, identité collective polarisée) et les facteurs de protection (c.-à-d. Orientation future positive, soutien social , religiosité).

Objectives: We describe the knowledge translation strategies in two projects and share lessons learned about knowledge sharing and uptake.

Methods: To generate findings for dissemination: (1) the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire (RCI) project relied on a multiple case study design to document barriers and facilitators to implementing a community-led prevention strategy targeting Ebola virus disease; and (2) the Tunisia project used several designs to assess a mental health training’s effectiveness, and a case study design to explore contextual factors that may influence anticipated outcomes.

Results: To share findings with participants, the RCI project relied on workshops and a pamphlet, and the Tunisia project relied on a structured half-day dissemination workshop and research summary. Facilitators that may have encouraged sharing and using findings include involving champions in dissemination activities, ongoing collaboration, and developing/implementing context-specific knowledge sharing strategies. Barriers include omitting to assess strategies, limited consideration of a wider audience, and the exclusion of a knowledge translation training component.

Conclusions: Our experiences might be useful to contexts involved in global and public health research that wish to address the “know-do gap.”

Guide à l’intention du personnel enseignant pour favoriser le développement du bien-être et de la santé mentale en contexte scolaire au vu des nouvelles réalités imposées par la pandémie

The term “second-generation immigrant” remains widely used by researchers to refer to children of immigrant parents. In this paper, we criticize the normalization of this term and its potential for infinite extension from a historical perspective. We analyze the different meanings it can have according to the social and political context, according to the parents’ country of origin, and according to the historical link between the country of birth and the country of origin. In a situation where the identity construction of the children of immigrants is complex and singular, this term can constitute a positive affirmation of identity for some, while for others it can carry a burden of social suffering.

A position statement developed by the Canadian Psychiatric Association’s (CPA) Transcultural Section and approved by the CPA Board of Directors on July 9, 2020

To help primary care teams improve patient-centered care, we elicited health and life goals of immigrants with a chronic disease. We conducted an exploratory study of the (1) acceptability of home visits by volunteers to collect health information and (2) content of health and life goals within a primary care program for immigrants with chronic disease. Pairs of trained community volunteers visited 23 patients in their homes and asked them to identify three life goals and three health goals. We conducted content analyses of written notes. Health goals were related to disease prevention and symptom control, family well-being, own quality of life, own or family members’ work and/or financial situation. Life goals concerned family well-being, their own quality of life, work/financial situation and health. Given the limited time health professionals have with their patients, trained community volunteers could be important members of primary care teams caring for immigrants.

Cet article reprend les intentions de départ des journées d’étude qui entendaient explorer, dans une perspective comparative France-Québec, la pluralité des récits impossibles dans divers champs d’études et de pratiques (intervenants sociaux, formateurs, juristes, psychologues, traducteurs-interprètes). Elles avaient pour ambition de décloisonner les expertises et faire dialoguer les différents acteurs pour mieux comprendre et analyser les expériences et phénomènes en contexte migratoire. Ceci nous a amenés progressivement sur le terrain de l’interculturalité. Nous pensons que les perspectives théoriques et pratiques entourant le recherche et l’intervention en contexte interculturel au XXIe siècle pourraient être actualisées et enrichir ainsi les regards sur les phénomènes sociaux et migratoires. C’est à partir d’une recension des écrits et une reconnaissance des tensions interculturelles, que nous proposons de développer une dimension critique qui permet de tenir compte des rapports de pouvoir, des dimensions structurelles et systémiques qui régissent les rapports sociétaux. Ainsi, nos propos invitent l’univers du politique, de la pratique et la recherche à mieux définir leurs contours pour s’adapter aux enjeux contemporains et promouvoir une perspective interculturelle ancrée dans les réalités et expériences vécues par les premiers concernés, les acteurs eux-mêmes, les citoyens et la société civile.

In 2019, 30,615 asylum claims were made in Quebec, representing almost half of the claims made in Canada. Asylum-seeking families with young children (0 to 5 years) represent a significant proportion of this population. Canada, as well as Quebec, have a responsibility to protect asylum seekers and to ensure that public policies promote health and well-being, especially among children. However, certain existing public policies exclude asylum seekers and are negatively affecting families. This commentary seeks to raise awareness among all those involved in policymaking, especially decision-makers, regarding asylum-seekers and three policy domains that are contributing to poverty, social isolation, and reduced access to care among asylum-seeking families with young children. These include the lack of eligibility for child benefits, the limited access to affordable daycare, and barriers to accessing family doctors. Consequently, both parents and children suffer impacts to their health and well-being. We are calling on our governments to assume their responsibilities and eliminate these inequities, and to ensure that the health of asylum seekers is considered in all policies.

Le présent ouvrage, en évitant le traditionnel clivage entre méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives, présente 30 devis ou analyses de recherche, dont l’étude de cas, la théorisation ancrée, la revue de littérature systématique, l’essai randomisé, le groupe de discussion focalisée, les analyses multiniveaux, la modélisation par équations structurelles et les approches participatives. Cette nouvelle édition est également enrichie de chapitres portant sur l’examen de la portée, la méta-review des écrits, l’analyse de puissance, l’analyse d’agrégats géographiques, les algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique ou statistique, la modélisation de type Rasch et les enquêtes en ligne.

What factors influence the impact of the crisis associated with COVID-19 on Montreal cultural communities?

Our study indicates that certain groups in cultural communities are made vulnerable by the intersection of multiple economic and social factors, in particular:

• Precarious financial situation;
• Employment in a position at high risk of exposure to COVID ;
• Precarious migration status or lack of status;
• Lack of medical insurance;
• Being allophone;
• Low literacy;
• Being targeted by racism.

These factors may contribute to high levels of infection and psychosocial distress in certain multiethnic, low-income neighbourhoods in Montreal.
Public health policies must take into account the combined impact of these economic, linguistic, sociocultural and migratory factors.

1. Collect data on COVID’s social determinants
2. Facilitate community collaboration and consultation
3. Improve access to health information and guidelines through a multilingual communication
4. Promote access to health and psychosocial services
5. Provide universal access to financial support measures
6. Ensure that COVID-related workplace health and safety measures are respected
7. Guarantee food security
8. Prevent evictions linked to the pandemic
9. Promote family well-being
10. Strengthen intercommunity relations and act against racism

What factors influence the impact of the crisis associated with COVID-19 on  Montreal cultural communities?

Our study indicates that certain groups in cultural communities are made  vulnerable by the intersection of multiple economic and social factors, in  particular :

• Precarious financial situation;
• Employment in a position at high risk of exposure to COVID ;
• Precarious migration status or lack of status;
• Lack of medical insurance;
• Being allophone;
• Low literacy;
• Being targeted by racism.

These factors may contribute to high levels of infection and psychosocial  distress in certain multiethnic, low-income neighbourhoods in Montreal.

Public health policies must take into account the combined impact of these  economic, linguistic, sociocultural and migratory factors.

Background
Migrant families’ transnational ties (i.e., connections to their countries of origin) may contribute to their hardships and/or may be a source of resiliency. A care approach that addresses these transnational ties may foster a positive identity and give coherence to experiences. We conducted an integrative review to determine what is known about transnational ties and the care of migrant families during pregnancy, postpartum and early childhood.

Methods
We searched 15 databases to identify literature reporting on a health or social program, service, or care experience of migrant families during pregnancy up to age five in a Western country (i.e., Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand or a European country). Information regarding if and how the service/program/care considered transnational ties, and care-providers’ perceptions of transnational ties, was extracted, analyzed and synthesized according to transnational ‘ways of belonging’ and ‘ways of being’.

Results
Over 34,000 records were screened; 69 articles were included. Care, programs and services examined included prenatal interventions (a mhealth app, courses, videos, and specialized antenatal care), doula support, maternity care, support groups, primary healthcare and psycho-social early intervention and early childhood programs. The results show that transnational ties in terms of ‘ways of belonging’ (cultural, religious and linguistic identity) are acknowledged and addressed in care, although important gaps remain. Regarding ‘ways of being’, including emotional, social, and economic ties with children and other family members, receipt of advice and support from family, and use of health services abroad, there is very little evidence that these are acknowledged and addressed by care-providers. Perceptions of ‘ways of belonging’ appear to be mixed, with some care-providers being open to and willing to adapt care to accommodate religious, cultural and linguistic differences, while others are not. How care-providers perceive the social, emotional and economic ties and/or the use of services back home, remains relatively unknown.

Conclusion
Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding care-providers’ perceptions of transnational ‘ways of being’ and whether and how they take them into account, which may affect their relationships with migrant families and/or the effectiveness of their interventions. Continued efforts are needed to ensure care is culturally safe for migrants.

This article aims to share key findings from a scoping review of the literature about LGBTQI migrants from a global context. The scoping review methodology allows for rapid assessment of a broad range of literature while also highlighting key knowledge and policy strengths and gaps. Although this review focuses on the Canadian-specific literature, it also compares the Canadian context with the broader global context. Upon presenting a synthesis of the knowledge produced about LGBTQI migrants, implications on Canadian refugee and newcomer settlement policies are critically assessed. This review presents how the Canadian literature has shifted over the past decade from a focus on legal scholarship to broader knowledge from multiple disciplines about the social, political, economic and transnational contexts for LGBTQI migrations to Canada. Although there have been key improvements to Canadian refugee policy, there remains a lack of federal and provincial policies and settlement programs designed to attend to the particular needs of LGBTQI migrants. The relevance of the Canadian knowledge and policies in relation to knowledge emerging from the Global South and elsewhere in the Global North will also enrich the discussion about present and future research and policy directions in this area.

The field of refugee family research and intervention forms a growing field of scientific study, focussing on the refugee family as the central niche of coping with, and giving meaning to, trauma, cultural uprooting, and exile. This important new book develops an understanding of the role of refugee family relationships in post-trauma healing and provides an in-depth analysis of central clinical-therapeutic themes in refugee family psychosocial interventions. Expert contributions from across transcultural psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and social work have provided chapters on post-trauma reconstruction in refugee family relationships, trauma care for refugee families, and intersectorial psychosocial interventions with refugee families. This exploration of refugee family systems in both research and clinical practice aims to promote a systemic perspective in health and social services working with families in refugee mental health care.